Program Practices Research Articles

Integrating the Key Competencies of International Large-Scale Assessment (ILSA) into the Teacher-Education Curriculum in the Philippines

This study proposes a framework to integrate competencies from various international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) into the program design of a teacher educational institution (TEI) in the Philippines. Using a descriptive-developmental research design, the study examined how ILSA key competencies can be incorporated into the curriculum, along with practices of outcomes-based educational programs at the TEI. Inductive thematic analysis of focus group interviews revealed one overarching program-level theme: using ILSA as a benchmark for curriculum development. At the micro level, four core themes emerged: (1) strengthened content teaching, (2) increased pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) courses, (3) explicit targeting and teaching of ILSA competencies through course-intended learning outcomes (CILOs), and (4) ILSA-like assessments. The study recommends that the Philippine Department of Education (DepEd) and TEIs collaborate to align pre-service teacher training with global literacy standards, ensuring that pre-service teachers are equipped to teach ILSA-recommended skills.

An Examination of Career Readiness Among Music Education Doctoral Alumni

The purpose of this research was to examine recent doctoral music education alumni perceptions of how their doctoral programs informed their current work. We placed a specific focus on how the curricular, scholarly, and experiential facets of music education doctoral programs have transferred to graduates’ current positions. Participants ( N = 74) completed a researcher-designed survey based on previously conducted research that consisted of three categories: description of current positions, doctoral experiences, and the significance of doctoral experiences in preparation for their current positions. Results indicated that most participants were employed in full-time tenure track and nontenure track positions and that the most common opportunities during doctoral programs involved writing, presenting, and publishing research. Implications include examining recruitment practices for doctoral programs, degree program environments and expectations, the connection between degree programs and definitions of career success, and ways to prepare alumni for positions both in and outside of R1 institutions.

Evaluations of State Medical Cannabis Programs in the US: A Narrative Review

Background: Medical cannabis (MC) use is increasing across the US, with functional MC programs now operating in 38 states. While program policies and practices vary widely, little is known about whether and how states evaluate their programs. Better characterization of state MC program evaluation to date could inform states, program officials, and providers about best practices and provide a roadmap for future program evaluation. Summary: We conducted a narrative review of state MC program evaluations, including peer-reviewed literature and reports produced by independent state-based and non-state-based evaluators. Among 304 abstracts initially screened, seven evaluations met inclusion criteria. Within these evaluations, we report results according to three overarching themes: 1) evaluation characteristics, including comparison across evaluations; 2) program experience, including perceptions of providers and patients; and 3) assessment of cannabis use, including self-reported efficacy for qualifying medical conditions, patterns of medical and nonmedical cannabis use, and assessment of risk factors relevant to MC use. Additionally, we found that while goals and methods for state MC evaluations varied widely, evaluations that relied on independent, non-state entities tended to have more comprehensive and quantitatively rigorous results. Key Messages: Few states operating MC programs have completed a formal evaluation of their program. Among states that have completed an evaluation, approaches varied widely; however, common themes were also present, which may inform future state evaluation efforts. Evaluation through independent, non-state partners may provide an optimal strategy to ensure high-quality data and meaningful results.

A critical review of literature and a conceptual framework for organising and researching urban health and community health services in low- and middle-income countries.

Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are rapidly urbanizing, and in response to this, there is an expansion in the body of scholarship and significant policy interest in urban healthcare provision. The idea and the reality of 'urban advantage' has meant that health research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has disproportionately focused on health and healthcare provision in rural contexts and is yet to sufficiently engage with urban health as actively. We contend that this research and practice can benefit from a more explicit engagement with the rich conceptual understandings that have emerged in other disciplines around the urban condition. Our critical review included publications from four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Social Sciences Citation Index) and two CHW resource hubs. We draw upon scholarship anchored in sociology to unpack the nature and features of the urban condition; we use these theoretical insights to critically review the literature on urban community health worker programs, as a case to reflect on community health practice and urban health research in LMIC contexts. Through this analysis, we delineate key features of the urban - such as heterogeneity, secondary spaces and ties, size and density, visibility and anonymity, precarious work and living conditions, crime, and insecurity, and specifically the social location of the urban CHWs and present their implications for community health practice. We propose a conceptual framework for a distinct imagination of the urban to guide health research and practice in urban health and community health programs in the LMIC context. The framework will enable researchers and practitioners to better engage with what entails a 'community' and a 'community health program' in urban contexts.

Шляхи залучення фінансових ресурсів державними банками для відбудови економіки України

Introduction. The analysis of the availability and quality of financial resources involves identifying sources of funding, established practices of state-owned banks, international programs and funds, criteria for ensuring the quality and sustainability of reconstruction, urgent needs for funding and its availability, ensuring the participation of economic actors in the planning and monitoring of reconstruction programs, accountability mechanisms and ensuring economic, social and environmental sustainability. Problem Statement. The need to expand the sources of term resources on local and international markets, and to distribute them through a system of financial partnerships between state-owned banks and authorized financial organizations to support small and medium-sized businesses, requires coordinated actions among all stakeholders. Although households' long-term funds account for only a small share of the overall financing structure, they are becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization, especially in view of economic recovery and political stability. The purpose is to examine the volume, dynamics and structure of sources of funds raised by state-owned banks in the local market for the purpose of rebuilding Ukraine's economy. Methods. The study used a systematic approach, the principles of systematization of statistical and analytical data, graphical analysis, scientific synthesis, induction and deduction. Results. The article analyzes the volumes, dynamics and structure of attracting credit resources by state-owned banks in partnership with authorized financial organizations, in particular through the loan programs of the Entrepreneurship Development Fund (EDF) and the NBU's refinancing programs for commercial banks. It was found that the amount of resources attracted from the EDF is insignificant compared to the loan portfolios of state-owned banks. To access the EDF loans, state-owned banks invest in government debt instruments (government bonds), which is inefficient in terms of supporting economic recovery, as high interest rates on such instruments cause liquidity to flow into government debt obligations, which puts pressure on the state budget and additional default risks for issuers of such securities. Special attention in the study is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of customers' term deposits by banking groups, including state-owned and private banks, as well as banks with foreign capital. The dynamics of attracting funds from individuals and legal entities of state-owned banks in comparison with large private banks and banks with foreign capital is presented. This made it possible to assess how successfully banks maintain their liquidity and retain customer confidence. Conclusions. In times of war, state-owned banks play a key role in stabilizing the financial system. Business support programs, social payments, and government guarantees have made these banks important to customers, which explains the significant growth in deposit portfolios in 2023-2024. The volume of bank refinancing (collateral, terms, purpose) indicates a change in the NBU's strategy aimed at reducing banks' dependence on the central bank and moving to more market-based liquidity mechanisms. The gradual integration of Ukraine into the EU opens up prospects for state-owned banks to access large-scale and cheap financing under targeted programs, so it is advisable to orient the banks' resource policy towards the relevant mechanisms. In times of war and global uncertainty, state and international guarantees are an important tool for attracting additional financial resources. At the same time, this tool is used to a limited extent. Among the state-owned banks, only Ukreximbank has received direct guarantees from the Ukrainian government to secure creditors' claims. It is necessary to consider the possibility of attracting guarantees from international organizations as a less burdensome and more effective tool for expanding and reducing the cost of funding.

Information literate students are more engaged and successful: role of information literacy in higher education

PurposeThis research examined the effect of information literacy (IL) on academic engagement (AE), cognitive engagement (CE) and academic performance among business students in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from business students, recruited through a proportionate stratified convenient sampling technique, of the top 13 business institutions in Pakistan. The questionnaire was personally administered by visiting each institution with permission for data collection. A total of 554 responses were received and analyzed using the partial least squire-structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe results exhibited that these business students perceived themselves as information literate. Furthermore, IL of business students appeared to predict positively their AE, CE and academic performance.Research limitations/implicationsThese results provided empirical and pragmatic insights for business educators, business librarians and accreditation bodies about IL effectiveness in academia. These findings may also inform policy and practice for IL instruction programs being carried out in business-related educational institutions not only in Pakistan but also in other countries of South Asia as they share similar characteristics.Originality/valueThis research would be a great contribution to the existing literature on IL, especially in the academic context as the interrelationship between IL, AE, CE and academic performance has not been investigated so far.

Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men and transgender women. In the United States, doxy-PEP is in an early stage of integration into clinical practice, and national guidelines for its use were recently released. The goal of this manuscript is to provide practical guidance for clinicians who are considering or currently prescribing doxy-PEP. We address five clinical questions using post hoc analyses of data from the DoxyPEP randomized controlled trial and discuss the potential implications and limitations of each question with the goal of informing clinical practice and implementation of doxy-PEP programs. The questions address patient eligibility criteria for doxy-PEP, the expected benefit and associated doxy-PEP doses for the average patient, the initial number of doses prescribed, and laboratory monitoring of persons taking doxy-PEP.

Rethinking adult education in Ethiopia: the quest for interventions to overcome implementation challenges and foster effectiveness

The introduction of modern education, especially adult education, has a long history in Ethiopia. However, consistent implementation remains a big challenge to reach all adults. Considering this situation in mind,the current study was conducted to scrutinise the fundamental challenges faced by adult education programs and identify promising interventions that need to be taken into account to overcome the exisitng challenges and improve implementation effectiveness. In doing so, the current study employed a qualitative research method with a case study design. Data was collected through interviews with purposefully selected fourteen participants and through document analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Accordingly, the study results revealed the following major findings: The presence of traditional attitudes and cultural stigma that devalue adult education limits its reach to broader adults. Additionally, the existence of insufficient political commitment from the government often results in limited support for adult education initiatives. There is also criticism that the current adult education practice has limited adaptability due to its ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach and its inability to meet the dynamic learning needs of adults. Furthermore, the presence of inadequate resources poses a multifaceted challenge. To address these issues and promote success, some actionable interventions are identified that could be prioritised into three thematic areas. These include the centrality of equity and access, the need for a context-specific structure, and the importance of aligning adult education programs with the country’s national development goals. These proposed interventions hold multifaceted promise for improving the practices of adult education programs. At the end, further discussions and conclusions are forwarded.

The Feminist Gaze on Communication for Social Change

A critical appraisal of the field of feminist approaches offers a valuable critical lens to help reshape our conceptualizations of development and the roles communication may play in constructive intervention. Development communication has shifted over time from ignoring and obscuring women to recognizing gendered differences in experiences. Development approaches have also brought participatory processes into focus. However, our strategic initiatives still fall short, both in effectiveness and in ethics. At this juncture, we need to take next steps more seriously in order to promote a more humanitarian approach that would guide institutional practices in programs and research. In this article, I aim to critique the discourse that celebrates digital technologies as tools to promote participatory governance, entrepreneurship, and collective activism through a feminist gaze that privileges the political and economic contexts that condition access to voice, the capacity to listen, and potential for dialog. This analysis builds on an understanding of mediated communication as a prism rather than as a projected mirror, structuring our potential as well as our challenges in creating constructive social change. We need to be accountable toward social justice, relying on our critical appraisals and informed dialogs to create paths to stronger and more impactful communication for social change.

Supporting adherence to a home practice reading program using self-monitoring in persons with aphasia: a single case experimental design study

ABSTRACT Background Impairments in reading comprehension impact participation in daily activities for persons with aphasia. Home practice programs can be used by speech-language pathologists to extend treatment by providing additional practice to support recovery. However, adherence to home programs is often low and factors that enhance adherence to home programs are poorly understood. Aims We sought to examine if using self-monitoring practice with an aphasia-friendly logbook and a timer is an effective mechanism to support home program adherence and to explore the perception of this technique by individuals with aphasia. Methods & procedures This non-concurrent multiple baseline single case experimental design was completed during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Procedures were completed virtually or in person. If in person, assessments were done in the clinic or in the participant’s home. The participants (n = 6) were at least six months post-stroke, diagnosed with aphasia, and reported interest in practicing reading. There were five males and one female. During the baseline phase, participants received training on a mobile reading comprehension application on an iPad. They were instructed to practice reading 80 minutes seven days a week, and were not provided with self-monitoring supports, but were given a single cue card that indicated the practice expectation. The number of data points in the baseline phase was at least five and increased across participants. At the end of baseline, participants received training on the use of a timer and an aphasia-friendly logbook for self-monitoring minutes of practice. They were instructed to continue practicing for 80 minutes every day. In both phases, participants received weekly check-ins to ensure the technology was working. Outcomes & results The primary outcome measures were minutes of practice and percent adherence. Three out of the six participants demonstrated an effect with the self-monitoring intervention with more minutes of practice or greater percent adherence during the intervention phase. Responders typically had higher self-efficacy for exercise scores and a shorter baseline phase. Three participants did not demonstrate an effect of the self-monitoring intervention. The logbook was reported as one of the two most helpful features of the intervention by all the participants with weekly technology check-ins and iPad training as the least helpful elements. Conclusions Self-monitoring with an aphasia-friendly logbook and timer can support some individuals with aphasia in achieving a greater amount of home program practice. Additional research with a larger more diverse sample that incorporates timing and self-efficacy for exercise is warranted.

Respiratory Residency: Establishing Excellence for the Newly Licensed Respiratory Therapist.

Workforce issues have highlighted the fact that newly graduated respiratory therapists (RTs) need more support during their transition to practice; however, there are few data on best practices for RT residency programs. The aim of this project was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a residency program for licensed RTs with < 1 y of experience post graduation. The approach to improve new graduate transition to practice included a streamlined clinical-based orientation, didactic learning, evidence-based practice plan, and incorporated simulation. Data were collected in a secure electronic database at a multi-campus health care system utilizing anonymous questionnaires. The participants responded to questions about demographic information, overall confidence, clinical skills, and knowledge base topic confidence. Participant responses reported an increase in their overall factor score measures for role confidence, clinical skills, and knowledge-based topics. The collected responses showed an increase in a wide range of clinical skills and other soft skills. These results indicate that a respiratory care residency program adds value to the training, overall well-being, and retention of the newly graduated RT.

Current and Future Directions for School Media Specialists

School media specialists have served as technological experts for their schools and have been pioneers with digital natives, helping create good digital citizens and addressing digital gaps for learners and advocate for access no matter what barriers students face. School of Library and Information Science programs have focused on creating a curriculum that will help create a school technology expert for every school library. This served schools well during the COVID-19 shutdowns, where the school had to find new ways for students to learn remotely.School media specialists have now become the target of hate in their schools. This has become increasingly complicated with states legislating what can be put in school libraries and how teachers can address historical events. School media specialists are required to make decisions on access or potentially losing their jobs. While these are important areas, they are just a small part of the job for school media specialists. The American Association of School Librarians has increased the expected role for school media specialists, having them often serve as teacher, instructional partner, information specialist, and program administrator, all in addition to serving as the expert technologist at their school. However, not all school media programs take this approach to pedagogy for school media.School media specialists create technological opportunities for schools and are a key source for teachers seeking to reach students with diverse learning styles while informing and building relationships with families on internet safety and other important topics. Teachers depend on school media specialists to provide resources and support for the classroom while school media specialists also support students’ intellectual freedom. Ultimately, the focus for school media specialists has been to try to create a school library that represents everyone’s values. While this sounds ideal, it has been a difficult road for the profession.The position of school media specialist has changed dramatically over the last four years. This panel seeks to address research contributions to scholarship on school media specialists and how Schools of Library and Information Science are changing their programs to prepare school media specialists for the workforce. There will be a moderator and a panel comprised of four faculty members who are educators, practitioners, and researchers specializing in school media. Their perspectives and expertise will be present in this discussion, along with the following discussion topics:What are your current research findings telling you?What are practitioners experiencing?What is working with educational pedagogy in school media?What is not working with educational pedagogy in school media?What new technologies have you incorporated into the curriculum?What changes are being made at Schools of Information Science programs to help ready students for the current environment?The panel will explore questions of education, research, and practitioner-based experiences to address concerns impacting school media specialists. The information will inform the future discussion and curriculum pedagogy for school media specialists. The panel discussion will be formatted around the expertise of the faculty with school media. These discussions will inform pedagogical teaching practices in school media programs and hopefully provide a framework for improvement.

Enhancing Agricultural Extension Programs: A Practical Guide to Designing and Implementing Randomized Controlled Trials

Evidence-based practices in agricultural extension programs must be guided by precise evaluation strategies and reliable data. Methods like randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are vital for assessing specific program interventions. However, not all studies use experimental designs, and their quality varies, as noted in a 2010 World Bank study. RCTs, known for providing robust impact assessments, involve complex steps and are applied in various fields. This guide focuses specifically on RCTs used for agricultural extensions; a topic covered less often than clinical trials. More precisely, this guide provides (1) definitions and key steps for RCTs, (2) a simplified RCTs study design methodology, (3) an exploration of challenges and mitigation, and (4) a summary of relevant RCTs studies in extensions. This guide is formulated to enhance the present understanding of RCTs and elaborate on the ways to use them in their application in agricultural research. Furthermore, the goal here is to make sure that our policies and methods are presented with solid evidence. This approach is meant to encourage the implementation of agricultural practices that are not only more effective but also sustainable.

A nationwide double-blind phase III randomized clinical trial (RCT) of olanzapine vs. prochlorperazine for the treatment of refractory nausea in patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy among NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) practices.

185 Background: Despite advances in antiemetics given during chemotherapy, nausea remains a clinically significant issue and greatly impairs quality of life (QOL). Current ASCO guidelines recommend olanzapine or prochlorperazine for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea. However, there is a lack of direct empirical comparisons to establish their relative efficacy. Methods: The URCC NCORP Research Base and 21 NCORP practices enrolled 1,363 chemotherapy-naïve patients with breast cancer starting a high/moderate emetogenic chemotherapy regimen to this Phase III RCT (NCT03367572). Antiemetics were prescribed per ASCO guidelines. Screening occurred during Cycle 1, followed by randomization for Cycle 2. Those with ≥ moderate nausea (≥3 on a 1-7 scale) in Cycle 1 and willing to continue were randomized (1:1:1 ratio) into 3 arms (n=310): 1) ASCO regimen plus olanzapine (OLZ), 2) ASCO regimen plus prochlorperazine (PC), or 3) ASCO regimen plus placebo. Nausea was evaluated using a four-day home diary (4x daily), with the primary outcomes being changes in average (avg) and maximum (max) nausea. FACT-G measured QOL. Intent-to-treat primary analyses (ANOVA and Cohen’s Δ effect size) evaluated whether OLZ or PC improved nausea, testing between-arm differences in nausea change from Cycle 1 to 2 compared to placebo at a p=0.025 significance level corrected for 3 arms. Results: The median age was 50.7y, with 80.7% White/12.3% Black/5.8% Asian/4.2% Latino, and evenly distributed across groups. The change in avg nausea score was statistically significant for the OLZ (avg change = −1.07: Cohen’s Δ = 0.49) and PC arms (avg change = −0.94: Cohen’s Δ = 0.38) compared to the placebo (avg change = −0.50; p &lt;0.001 vs OLZ, p = 0.01 vs PC). Similar but larger changes were noted for change in max nausea score in the OLZ (max change = −2.57: Cohen’s Δ = 0.86) and PC arms (max change = −2.01: Cohen’s Δ = 0.47) against the placebo (max change = −1.30; p &lt;0.001 vs OLZ, p &lt;0.01 vs PC). The OLZ arm had a clinically significant change in overall QOL from pre-chemo to Cycle 2 vs placebo (FACT-G mean difference = +4.91; p = 0.006) but the PC arm vs placebo did not (FACT-G mean difference = −0.87; p = 0.61). OLZ exhibited superiority over PC in terms of changes in max nausea (mean difference = −0.56; p = 0.023) and QOL (FACT-G mean difference = +5.80; p = 0.006), but not for avg nausea (mean difference = −0.13; p = 0.418). Conclusions: OLZ and PC, when added to ASCO guidelines, each significantly reduces refractory nausea. OLZ demonstrates superior max nausea control with clinically and statistically significant improvements in QOL. This study fills the gap in empirical comparisons and solidifies OLZ's position as a promising intervention for refractory nausea. Clinical trial information: NCT03367572 .

Integrated model of secondary fracture prevention in primary care (INTERCEPT): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled multicentre trial

BackgroundOsteoporotic fractures signal severely compromised bone strength and are associated with a greatly increased risk of refracture. Despite the availability of effective and safe medications that reduce fracture risk, 70–80% of patients are inadequately investigated or treated for osteoporosis following an initial fracture, constituting a significant ‘osteoporosis care gap’. Optimal methods of bridging this gap with primary care at the forefront of secondary fracture prevention remain undetermined. This protocol describes a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel integrated model of secondary fracture prevention and management in primary care.MethodsThe cluster randomised controlled trial involves multiple branches of a community-based radiology provider (CRP), a hospital-based secondary fracture prevention program (SFPP) and numerous primary care practices in metropolitan Sydney that refer to either the CRP or SFPP. Using natural language processing tools, patients diagnosed with a potential osteoporotic fracture will be identified by automatically screening radiology reports generated at the CRP or SFPP. The primary care practices that these patients attend will be randomised (1:1) to either the intervention or usual care. The intervention consists of (i) electronic and fax alerts informing the practice/primary care physician that their patient has been diagnosed with a potential osteoporotic fracture; (ii) provision of osteoporosis management guidelines and (iii) follow-up surveys at 4 weeks and 6 months. Practices in the usual care (control) group will receive no alerts and provide usual care. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients undergoing a bone density scan and/or filling a prescription for osteo-protective pharmacotherapy within 3 months of the initial diagnostic imaging report. Secondary outcomes are the proportion of patients: (i) undergoing an osteoporosis-related blood test within 3 months of the initial diagnostic imaging report; (ii) initiated on a chronic disease management plan within 3 months of the diagnostic report, and (iii) filling a second prescription for osteo-protective pharmacotherapy within 9 months post initial diagnostic imaging report. Outcomes will be obtained through de-identified linked data from Medical Benefits Schedule and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme held by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.DiscussionThis is the first randomised trial to integrate case-detection of potential osteoporotic fractures in a hospital and community setting with direct alerts to the patient’s primary care provider. This study will determine whether such an intervention is effective in improving investigation and/or treatment rates of osteoporosis in patients with a potential osteoporotic fracture.Trial registrationThis study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12623000658617p.

Research on the Integration of Civics and Politics and Practice of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Programs in Colleges and Universities

With the deepening of educational reform in the new era, innovation and entrepreneurship education has gradually become an important means of cultivating high-quality talents in colleges and universities. However, it is difficult for pure technical education to meet the social demand for comprehensive development, and the integration of curriculum ideology and politics and practice into innovation and entrepreneurship education has become a key way to enhance students' professional ethics and social responsibility. This paper discusses the practical strategy of combining innovation and entrepreneurship education with curriculum ideology and politics in colleges and universities, and puts forward four paths of integration and practice in combination with the application in the medical field. These include enhancing teachers' ideological and political literacy and innovation and entrepreneurship education ability, optimizing curriculum design and teaching methods, constructing and optimizing practice platforms, and improving evaluation mechanisms and incentives, etc., aiming to comprehensively cultivate medical students' professional ethics, sense of social responsibility, and innovation and practice ability. The integration of curriculum ideology not only improves students' professional skills, but also shapes their correct values and sense of social responsibility at the ideological level, and delivers comprehensive medical talents that meet the needs of the new era for the society.

Training a rural oral health workforce: Effects of rural background on dentist practice choice

AbstractPurposeThe Regional Initiatives in Dental Education (RIDE) program is an educational track of the University of Washington School of Dentistry that aims to produce leaders who practice in rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. This study assesses outcomes of the first 10 years of the RIDE program. The hypothesis tested is that rural background is the most important predictor of long‐term rural dental practice.MethodsThis descriptive study assessed existing data including graduates' location of practice, demographics, rurality of origin, parental occupation, and practice type over time. Subjects are all graduates of the RIDE program from 2012 to 2021 (N = 80), and range in age from 25 to 50 years. Statistical analyses were utilized to explore associations.ResultsWithin the study sample 78% of graduates practiced in a rural and/or underserved area, 32.5% of graduates pursued post‐graduate dental training, 40% participated in Medicaid, and 78% practiced in the Pacific Northwest at the time of analysis (March 2023). Statistical analysis demonstrated a strong association and medium to large effect sizes between both rural upbringing and training sites and established dental practice in a rural region.ConclusionsGraduates of the RIDE program practice in rural areas in greater proportion compared to the general population of practicing dentists. RIDE graduates from the study period tended to be male, and white, and practice in a health professional shortage area or rural site. The rurality of origin analysis was confounded by the substantial number of graduates from Spokane, Washington, an urban area surrounded by extensive rural territory.

Obgyn resident research program practices and outcomes after implementation in an academically affiliated residency program

ProblemUnlike other aspects of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residency training, the research education curriculum and requirements are not standardized. It is unclear what constitutes core curricula in educational research programs, which components are most useful and efficacious, and how to use these findings to adapt existing programs.ApproachA multi-phase approach to (1) garner cross-sectional data from United States OBGYN Residency Program Directors and review previously published literature, (2) use Phase I and input from clinical, research and education faculty to develop a comprehensive program, and (3) evaluate the program for resident research productivity, knowledge and satisfaction.OutcomesPhase I: Sixty-one (31%) Program Directors completed the survey. Most reported ≤ 4 research didactics per year and no dedicated research rotation. Programs with post graduate year (PGY) level specific didactics, a research rotation, or allocated time for the Research Director role noted higher odds of resident research resulting in peer-reviewed publication. Phase II: A Resident Research Program was adapted to include a clinical and research faculty co-directorship and seven additional didactics (all of which were PGY-specific). A departmentally funded resident research grant and a repository to monitor completion of milestones and program requirements have been developed. Surveys were used to track residents’ research competence and satisfaction with the research program. While resident involvement in research activities and satisfaction with opportunities for scholarly activity have improved, resident self-evaluations and mentor evaluations have not. In addition, we have not seen an increase in publications or presentations.ConclusionImplementation of components of a research program associated with increased productivity did not result in increased productivity in our program, however, resident satisfaction with scholarly activity did improve.

Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming in Dubai International Schools: A Mixed Methods Study

The purpose of this study was to examine comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) policies and practices in interna-tional schools in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. Following an ex-planatory-sequential mixed-methods research design, the researchers employed the Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program Policies and Practices Questionnaire (CSPAP-Q) and follow-up interviews to describe CSPAP implementation and explore implementation enablers and challenges. A convenience sample of physical education teachers (N=18) participated in the questionnaire, and seven of these teachers participated in individual interviews. Teachers’ responses to the ques-tionnaire indicated considerable heterogeneity and numerous gaps in existing school-based physical activity opportunities and promotion O'Reilly and Websterefforts. Interviews revealed three themes related to CSPAP implemen-tation: (a) time constraints in secondary schools, (b) facilities, and (c) location. This study provides an initial glimpse into whole-of-school physical activity programming in Dubai international schools.

Financial Hardship Among Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

The degree of cancer patients' financial hardship is dynamic and can change over time. To assess longitudinal changes in financial hardship among patients with early-stage colorectal cancer. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, English-speaking adult patients with a new diagnosis of stage I to III colorectal cancer being treated with curative intent at National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) practices between May 2018 and July 2020 and who had not started chemotherapy and/or radiation were included. Data analysis was conducted from March to December 2023. Patients completed surveys at baseline as well as at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after enrollment. Cost-related care nonadherence and material hardship, as adopted by Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, were measured. Factors associated with financial hardship were assessed using longitudinal multivariable logistic regression models with time interaction. A total of 451 patients completed baseline questions, with 217 (48.1%) completing the 24-month follow-up. Mean (SD) age was 61.0 (12.0) years (210 [46.6%] female; 33 [7.3%] Black, 380 [84.3%] White, and 33 [7.3%] American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, multiracial, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander individuals or those who did not report race or who had unknown race). Among 217 patients with data at baseline and 24 months, 19 (8.8%) reported cost-related care nonadherence at baseline vs 20 (9.2%) at 24 months (P = .84), and 125 (57.6%) reported material hardship at baseline vs 76 (35.0%) at 24 months (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, lower financial worry (odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93), higher education (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.77), and older age (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98) were associated with lower nonadherence. Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with higher material hardship (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.15-6.29), while lower financial worry was associated with lower material hardship (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96). Over 24 months, female sex was associated with lower nonadherence (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.96), while higher education was associated with higher nonadherence (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17). Being employed was associated with lower material hardship (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93), while receipt of care at safety-net hospitals was associated with higher hardship (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17). In patients with early-stage colorectal cancer, material hardship was more common than cost-related cancer care nonadherence and decreased over time, while nonadherence remained unchanged. Early and longitudinal financial screening and referral to intervention are recommended to mitigate financial hardship.