Planning Program Research Articles

Flame Speed Measurements of Ammonia–Hydrogen Mixtures for Gas-Turbines

Abstract Recent findings from the U.S. Energy Information Administration project an increase in domestic fossil fuel consumption (e.g., petroleum and natural gas) and global greenhouse gas emissions through 2050 (Nalley, S., 2021, “International Energy Outlook 2021 (IEO2021),” IEO2021 Release, CSIS, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, Technical Presentation, pp. 2–12). Consequently, advanced combustion research aims to identify fuels to mitigate fossil fuel consumption while minimizing exhaust emissions. Ammonia (NH3) is one of these candidates, as it has historically been shown to provide high energy potential and zero-carbon emission (CO and CO2) (Hayakawa, A., Goto, T., Mimoto, R., Arakawa, Y., Kudo, T., and Kobayashi, H., 2015, “Laminar Burning Velocity and Markstein Length of Ammonia/Air Premixed Flames at Various Pressures,” Fuel, 159, pp. 98–106). As a hydrogen (H2) carrier, NH3 serves as a possible solution to the U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program Plan by providing efficient H2 storage and conservation capabilities (U.S. Department of Energy, 2020, “Department of Energy Hydrogen Program Plan,” U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, Report No. DOE/EE-2128). As a result, applied turbine-combustion research of NH3 and H2 fuel has been conducted to identify combustion performance parameters that aid in the design of sustainable turbomachinery (Chiong, M.-C., Chong, C., Ng, J., Mashruk, S., Chong, W., Samiran, N., Mong, G., and Medina, A., 2021, “Advancements of Combustion Technologies in the Ammonia-Fuelled Engines,” Energy Convers. Manage., 244, p. 114460). One of these key combustion parameters is the laminar burning speed (LBS). While abundant literature exists on the combustion of NH3 and H2 fuels, there is not sufficient evidence in high-pressure environments to provide a comprehensive understanding of NH3 and H2 combustion phenomena in turbine-combustor settings. To advance the state of the knowledge, NH3 and H2 mixtures were ignited in a spherical chamber across a range of equivalence ratios at 296 K and 5 atm to understand their flame characteristics and LBS which was determined using a multizone constant volume method. The experimental conditions were selected according to primary turbine-combustor conditions, as much research is needed to support NH3–H2 applicability in turbomachinery for power generation. The effect of H2 addition to NH3 fuel was observed by comparing the LBS for various NH3–H2 mixture compositions. Experimental results revealed increased LBS values for H2 enriched NH3, with the maximum LBS occurring at stoichiometry. The experimental data were accurately predicted by the University of Central Florida (UCF) NH3–H2 mechanism developed for this investigation, while NUI 1.1 simulations overestimated recorded LBS data by a significant margin. This study demonstrates and quantifies the enhancing effect of H2 addition to NH3 fuels via LBS and strengthens the literature surrounding NH3–H2 combustion reactions for future work.

The evolution of SNAP-Ed: policy, systems and environment (PSE) interventions to enhance nutrition security and health equity in the United States

Purpose This study uses a comprehensive literature review and analysis of recent research, policy documents and program evaluations related to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) and policy, systems and environmental (PSE) strategies. Key sources include peer-reviewed articles, the 2025 SNAP-Ed Plan Guidance and case studies of successful PSE interventions. The Social-Ecological Model serves as a framework to organize and analyze the multilevel impacts of PSE interventions. The method involves identifying relevant information, synthesizing key themes and patterns and critically examining the potential impact of PSE strategies on nutrition security and health equity. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the evolution of the SNAP-Ed from direct nutrition education to a comprehensive approach integrating PSE change strategies. It aims to analyze the rationale, implementation and potential impact of PSE approaches in SNAP-Ed on nutrition security and health equity in the USA. The study explores how these strategies address social determinants of health, promote sustainable population-level changes in nutrition environments, and their capacity to reduce health disparities in low-income communities. It seeks to identify challenges, opportunities and future research directions in implementing PSE strategies within SNAP-Ed. Findings The review reveals that PSE strategies in SNAP-Ed show promise in creating sustainable, population-level changes in nutrition environments and health outcomes. Successful examples, such as healthy corner store initiatives and workplace wellness programs, demonstrate the potential of PSE approaches to improve access to healthy food options and physical activity opportunities. The integration of PSE strategies has enhanced SNAP-Ed’s capacity to address social determinants of health and promote health equity. However, challenges including resource constraints, political opposition and the need for cross-sector collaboration persist. The effectiveness of PSE interventions relies heavily on community engagement, partnerships and supportive policies. Practical implications The findings underscore the importance of adopting comprehensive, multilevel approaches in nutrition education and obesity prevention programs. For SNAP-Ed implementers, this implies a need to develop expertise in PSE strategies, foster cross-sector partnerships and engage communities in intervention design and implementation. Policymakers should consider increasing support and resources for PSE approaches within SNAP-Ed and similar programs. Public health practitioners can use these insights to design more effective, equitable interventions that address root causes of nutrition insecurity. The study also highlights the need for improved evaluation methods to assess the long-term impact of PSE strategies on population health outcomes. Social implications This study highlights the importance of addressing social determinants of health, such as poverty and access to healthy food options, to promote equitable health outcomes. It underscores the potential of community-driven, multilevel interventions in building a more just and equitable food system accessible to all. Originality/value This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the shift toward PSE strategies in SNAP-Ed, offering valuable insights into the program’s evolution and its potential to address complex public health challenges. By examining both successes and challenges, it contributes to the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of multilevel interventions in promoting nutrition security and health equity. The study’s emphasis on the role of community engagement and partnerships in PSE implementation offers practical guidance for program planners and policymakers.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG FERTILE AGE COUPLES (PUS) IN TEBING TINGGI DISTRICT

An increase in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) leads to a growing population and a decline in family quality within a society. This study aims to identify the factors influencing contraceptive use among couples of reproductive age in Tebing Tinggi District. A cross-sectional design was employed, with multivariate analysis used for prediction models. The sample consisted of couples of reproductive age in Tebing Tinggi District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, selected through a simple random sampling method. Six variables were found to be significantly associated with contraceptive use: husband’s support, knowledge, education, partner’s attitude, perception of side effects, and sources of information. Conversely, there was no significant relationship between the ideal number of children, economic status, and cultural factors with contraceptive use. The dominant factor influencing contraceptive use was husband’s support, showing a higher likelihood of contraceptive use among couples who received support from their husbands. Health facilities play a crucial role as pioneers in providing education to couples of reproductive age regarding contraceptive use, thus potentially increasing participation in family planning programs among these couples.

Analysis Results and Impact of the Sekolah Penggerak Program at Kolese Xaverius Ambon High School

This study describes the results and impact of the Sekolah Penggerak program at Kolese Xaverius Ambon High School. The focus of the research is four dimensions, including: Sekolah Penggerak program preparation, Sekolah Penggerak program planning, Sekolah Penggerak program implementation as well as results and Sekolah Penggerak program impacts. This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach used to describe in depth research problems to describe descriptively the phenomena that occur in the field. The participants this research were the school principal and deputy head of curriculum. The data collection techniques used were assessment rubrics, observation, free interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out descriptively (quantitative and qualitative). The results of data analysis in all dimensions obtained the results: 100%+92%+72%+87.5=351.5%/4= 88%. These results are in the category: (75% < The results of the analysis of dimension 1: Driving School Preparation obtained 100% results. These results are in the category (75% < X ≤ 100% = 4) meaning very good. Results of data analysis on dimension 2: Sekolah Penggerak program Arrangement, obtained a result of 92%. These results are in the category (75% < X ≤ 100% = 4) meaning very good. Results of analysis of dimension 3: Sekolah Penggerak program implementation the drive obtained a yield of 72%. These results are in the category (50% < X ≤ 75% = 3) which means good. Results of data analysis on dimension 4: Sekolah Penggerak program results and impact a result of 87.5% was obtained. These results are in the category (75% < X ≤ 100% = 4) meaning very good. The results obtained include: the school principal has become a role model by implementing team leadership, understanding assessment, learning tools, innovative learning models and information technology this has implemented differentiated learning, both content, process and product differentiation. There has been an increase in literacy, numeracy, character and school reports. Perceived impact: Energy used for partner schools, one student Kolese Xavier Ambon High School passing the selection and getting a scholarship to study in the United States, enthusiasm for entering high school, the trend of students graduating and entering their favorite college. Keywords: analysis, Sekolah Penggerak Program, leadership, assessment, school principal

Community-Driven Health Promotion: Evaluation of a Rural Microgrant Program.

Microgrants for health promotion have the potential to engage communities in designing and implementing place-based interventions to improve health and social outcomes. However, the evidence base around microgrants for health promotion is limited. This study presents the evaluation of a health service-funded microgrant program for health promotion in rural Australia. The evaluation framework was developed through a participatory approach and involved collaborative logic model building and co-prioritized evaluation questions with health service staff and grant recipients. Evaluation questions focused on participation, short-term outcomes, and the perceived value of program activities. Qualitative methods (reflexive thematic analysis) were used to answer the evaluation questions. Data sources included semi-structured interviews with grantees (n = 11) and the health service's health promotion team (n = 4), electronic field notes kept by the health promotion team (n = 50 documents), electronic progress reports completed by grantees (n = 6) and information and feedback forums (n = 2). Since the program's inception in 2019, the health service has received 22 grant applications of which 15 were approved and 14 disbursed. Evaluation results show that grantees were community members with multiple roles, often with previous experience in applying for grants. Expected outcomes have been partially met, especially with regard to the program's aim of community empowerment. The most notable impact was the enhancement of participants' perception of and relationship with the health promotion team, as well as the creation of opportunities for community members such as exposure to art and bridging of social groups. Microgrants represent a feasible way to increase health opportunities and foster community participation in the planning and delivery of health promotion programs. The key program activities identified and suggested improvements can help guide program replication and adaptation by other small organizations. Community members who had previously received a health service grant were invited to participate in collaborative workshops and follow-up surveys to codesign the grant program evaluation framework, co-prioritize evaluation questions and guide the results' dissemination plan.

Shaping the Quranic Generation from an Early Age (Study of Imtaq Programme Management in PAUD Akbar, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu)

This study discusses the management of the imtaq program at PAUD Akbar. The problems discussed in this study are planning, implementation, and assessment of the imtaq program at PAUD Akbar. This study uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the research are: First, Akbar PAUD has formulated imtaq program planning. The imtaq program is a flagship program because it is in accordance with the need to obtain religious education in line with the vision and mission of PAUD Akbar. Program planning consists of daily, weekly, and annual programs. Secondly, the implementers of the imtaq program include the principal, teachers, parents, and the community who work together in implementing the program. Teachers apply four learning methods, namely, the play method, the storytelling method, the singing method, and the demonstration method. Third, teacher assessment is carried out in the form of assessments on aspects of child development and cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The assessment is carried out by teachers by conducting observations, children’s self-assessment, and portfolio assessment. The results of the follow-up of the program are still continued, but there are some improvements in improving facilities and infrastructure, teacher competence, and variations in learning models.

Prevalence and predictors of coronary heart disease among individuals with and without obesity in North Dakota.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease in the United States and heart disease is the leading cause of death in North Dakota. Although obesity is a major risk factor for CHD, some studies have reported an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and CHD outcomes. Understanding the epidemiology of CHD among individuals with and without obesity is essential to guide health planning. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and identify predictors of CHD among North Dakota adults with and without obesity. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2017 to 2021 were provided by the North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for CHD and potential risk factors among respondents with and without obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of CHD in both groups. A total of 17,092 respondents were included in the study. Respondents with obesity had a higher prevalence of CHD (4.7%, 95% CI: 4.2-5.4) than those without obesity (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.7-3.4). Predictors of CHD among both groups included age, sex, self-reported general health, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes. Having a personal doctor (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.13-3.23) and arthritis (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34-2.22) were significant predictors of CHD among respondents without obesity, but not among those without obesity. While the prevalence of CHD was significantly higher among adults with obesity compared to those without obesity, the findings of the stratified analysis indicated that predictors of the condition tended to be similar for the two groups. This study provides useful information to guide health planning and control programs that aim to reduce the burden of CHD in North Dakota.

Overview of CHIC symposia series: Summary of Africa and South Asia symposia

This article presents an overview of the main challenges and lessons learned that were presented during the symposia organized by the Coalition to Strengthen the HPV Immunization Community (CHIC) in Africa and South Asia in 2022. Discussions at these meetings revolved around introduction, planning, implementation, and sustainability of HPV prevention and control programmes, with a particular focus in HPV immunisation, as well as cervical cancer screening in South Asian countries. This article also discusses the recently endorsed off-label single-dose HPV vaccination schedule and its potential impact on programme delivery and access. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of intersectional collaboration, effective communication and advocacy strategies, and the need for robust health information systems. Some of the critical factors identified for reducing the burden of cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) included strategies for increasing access and coverage, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and building capacity among health care providers. The symposia emphasized the importance of face-to-face interactions for collaboration and decision making, with live translation services enabling full participation by stakeholders from diverse backgrounds. The paper concludes with a call for continued collaboration to make progress in reducing the burden of cervical cancer in LMICs.

Risk of Discontinuance in Contraceptive Uptake Among Kenya Women: A Survival Analysis Using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model

A problem of equal importance is the substantial challenge posed by the discontinuance of contraceptive use in family planning programs, particularly for developing countries such as Kenya. Investigating the determinants of contraceptive discontinuation using demographic factors can provide insights to enhance the efficacy of family planning. Using data from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) survey, this study examined the demographic and contraceptive method-related covariates associated with the risk of discontinuation of contraception among Kenyan women. The study employed Cox proportional hazards models to analyze sampled data of Kenyan women from the PMA survey. Two separate models were used: a standard model which included demographic characteristics with a baseline contraceptive variable (Ever use contraceptive) and an extended model showing how specific contraceptive methods impact the likelihood of the risk of discontinuing contraception. Older age (Coefficient of -0.268 with a hazard ratio of 0.765) was associated with a decreased risk of contraceptive discontinuation. At the same time, women with higher educational levels (Coefficient of 0.015, with a hazard ratio of 1.015) were related to an elevated hazard and were more likely to discontinue their current method of contraception. The extended model showed that subcutaneous injectable contraceptives (Coefficient of -2.040 with a hazard ratio of 0.130) and male condoms (Coefficient of -1.137 with a hazard ratio of 0.321) were conditionally related to a significantly decreased hazard of discontinuation. The results highlight the importance of contraception choice and the significance of age and education in maintaining continuous contraception. To support Kenyan women in maintaining continuous contraception in achieving their reproductive health goals comprehensive education on emergency contraception and the provision of long-acting reversible contraceptives should be provided by health and family planning organizations. There is a call for a longitudinal study to offer an understanding of the dynamic behavior of contraception over time and the need for time-varying analyses to capture the evolving nature of contraception and its discontinuation.

Шляхи залучення фінансових ресурсів державними банками для відбудови економіки України

Introduction. The analysis of the availability and quality of financial resources involves identifying sources of funding, established practices of state-owned banks, international programs and funds, criteria for ensuring the quality and sustainability of reconstruction, urgent needs for funding and its availability, ensuring the participation of economic actors in the planning and monitoring of reconstruction programs, accountability mechanisms and ensuring economic, social and environmental sustainability. Problem Statement. The need to expand the sources of term resources on local and international markets, and to distribute them through a system of financial partnerships between state-owned banks and authorized financial organizations to support small and medium-sized businesses, requires coordinated actions among all stakeholders. Although households' long-term funds account for only a small share of the overall financing structure, they are becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization, especially in view of economic recovery and political stability. The purpose is to examine the volume, dynamics and structure of sources of funds raised by state-owned banks in the local market for the purpose of rebuilding Ukraine's economy. Methods. The study used a systematic approach, the principles of systematization of statistical and analytical data, graphical analysis, scientific synthesis, induction and deduction. Results. The article analyzes the volumes, dynamics and structure of attracting credit resources by state-owned banks in partnership with authorized financial organizations, in particular through the loan programs of the Entrepreneurship Development Fund (EDF) and the NBU's refinancing programs for commercial banks. It was found that the amount of resources attracted from the EDF is insignificant compared to the loan portfolios of state-owned banks. To access the EDF loans, state-owned banks invest in government debt instruments (government bonds), which is inefficient in terms of supporting economic recovery, as high interest rates on such instruments cause liquidity to flow into government debt obligations, which puts pressure on the state budget and additional default risks for issuers of such securities. Special attention in the study is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of customers' term deposits by banking groups, including state-owned and private banks, as well as banks with foreign capital. The dynamics of attracting funds from individuals and legal entities of state-owned banks in comparison with large private banks and banks with foreign capital is presented. This made it possible to assess how successfully banks maintain their liquidity and retain customer confidence. Conclusions. In times of war, state-owned banks play a key role in stabilizing the financial system. Business support programs, social payments, and government guarantees have made these banks important to customers, which explains the significant growth in deposit portfolios in 2023-2024. The volume of bank refinancing (collateral, terms, purpose) indicates a change in the NBU's strategy aimed at reducing banks' dependence on the central bank and moving to more market-based liquidity mechanisms. The gradual integration of Ukraine into the EU opens up prospects for state-owned banks to access large-scale and cheap financing under targeted programs, so it is advisable to orient the banks' resource policy towards the relevant mechanisms. In times of war and global uncertainty, state and international guarantees are an important tool for attracting additional financial resources. At the same time, this tool is used to a limited extent. Among the state-owned banks, only Ukreximbank has received direct guarantees from the Ukrainian government to secure creditors' claims. It is necessary to consider the possibility of attracting guarantees from international organizations as a less burdensome and more effective tool for expanding and reducing the cost of funding.

Characteristics and Circumstances of Suicide Among Children Aged 6 to 9 Years: 2006-2021.

Limited research exists on suicide among children aged 5 to 9 years. The objective of this study was to examine characteristics of suicide in children younger than 10 years. Data are from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) for years 2006 through 2021 for children aged 6 to 9 years who died by suicide. No suicide deaths were reported in NFR-CRS for children aged ≤ 5 years. Descriptive analyses by demographics and circumstances were conducted. A thematic analysis of prevention recommendations made by child death review teams was performed. From 2006 to 2021, NFR-CRS identified 78 suicide decedents aged 6 to 9 years. The largest share were aged 9 years (72%), male (74%), non-Hispanic Black (42%), and died by hanging (86%) at home (91%). School-related problems (39%), history of child maltreatment (36%), history of mental health services (30%), argument with parents (23%), and familial discord (19%) were common circumstances. Key suicide prevention themes included education for caregivers and school staff, improved behavioral health services, and implementation of school policies and programs. Results provide a more complete picture of suicide among younger children, improving understanding of their unique characteristics. It is recommended that program planners consider both age-appropriateness and the impacts of social (eg, racism) and structural inequities in their approaches to prevention, encompassing both community and school-based strategies. For pediatricians, results emphasize the importance of lethal means counseling, safety planning, and educating parents and caregivers on the distinct warning signs of suicide for younger children.

Biofilm formation and antibiogram profile of bacteria from infected wounds in a general hospital in southern Ethiopia

Biofilm-producing bacteria associated with wound infections exhibit exceptional drug resistance, leading to an escalation in morbidity, worse clinical outcomes (including delay in the healing process), and an increase in health care cost, burdening the whole system. This study is an attempt to estimate the prevalence and the relationship between the biofilm-forming capacity and multi-drug resistance of wound bacterial isolates. The findings intended to help clinicians, healthcare providers and program planners and to formulate an evidence-based decision-making process, especially in resource-limited healthcare settings. This study was done to assess the prevalence of bacterial infections in wounds and the antibiogram and biofilm-forming capacity of those bacteria in patients with clinical signs and symptoms, attending a General Hospital in southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was performed in Arba Minch General Hospital from June to November 2021. The study participants comprised 201 patients with clinically infected wounds. Demographic and clinical data were gathered via a structured questionnaire. Specimens from wounds were taken from each participant and inoculated onto a series of culture media, namely MacConkey agar, mannitol salt agar, and blood agar, and different species were identified using a number of biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by means of the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A micro-titer plate method was employed to detect the extent of biofilm formation. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to analyse the association between dependent and independent variables, and P values ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Data analyses were done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Out of the 201 clinically infected wounds, 165 were found culture-positive with an overall prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 75.9–86.9). In total, 188 bacteria were recovered; 53.1% of them were Gram-positive cocci. The often-isolated bacterial species were Staphylococcus aureus, 38.3% (n = 72), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16.4% (n = 31). The Gram-positive isolates showed considerable resistance against penicillin, 70%, and somewhat strong resistance against tetracycline, 57.7%. Gram-negative isolates showed severe resistance to ampicillin, 80.68%. The overall multi-drug resistance (MDR) among isolates was 48.4%. Extended beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negatives and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 49 and 41.67%, respectively; 62.2% of the isolates were biofilm formers and were correlated statistically with MDR, ESBL producers, and MRSA (P < 0.005). The extent of biofilm formation and the prevalence of MDR bacteria associated with infected wounds hint at a public health threat that needs immediate attention. Thus, a more balanced and comprehensive wound management approach and antimicrobial stewardship program are essential in the study setting.

“Us versus Them”: is the voice of the community heard when planning communication screening programmes for preschoolers?

ObjectivesCommunity consultation is necessary to ensure the uptake and use of community-based screening intervention to detect early childhood disabilities, as its absence can result in poor service acceptance and usage. To document stakeholders' perspectives regarding planning a community-based communication disorder (an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts or verbal, non-verbal and graphic symbol systems) screening programmes for pre-schoolers. Study designThis qualitative research design used purposive and random sampling to recruit 46 participants from eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. These stakeholders consisted of caregivers/parents of children who underwent screening for communication disorders, People who are Deaf, their parents, early childhood development practitioners, health professionals and government officials involved with children with disabilities. All participants were adults aged between 19 and 79 years, with an average age of 39.7 years. MethodsData was collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews, which were thematically analysed. ResultsThe four emergent themes were screening approaches, methods, location and personnel. Service users expected greater access to screening and reliable tests to identify problems by trained personnel at sites within the community. Service providers preferred a targeted approach to screening with parental input. Task shifting and sharing were seen as a solution to address staff shortages and provide services at health facilities, as resource constraints made it challenging to provide outreach services. ConclusionStakeholder engagement revealed diverging views between service users and providers, with implications for programme provision and uptake. There is a need for ongoing, inclusive discussion to ensure consensus during the planning stage, in order to render services that address issues of equity and accessibility for people with disabilities in marginalised communities.

Building a Resilient and Adaptive Organization Through Mindset Shifts and Continuous Learning

In a world characterized by constant change and disruption, organizations must embrace adaptability, resilience, and continuous learning to remain competitive. This article explores how leaders can build "future-fit" organizations through strategic mindset shifts and by fostering cultures of experimentation and growth. A focus on learning orientation, growth mindset, and adaptive problem-solving equips organizations to navigate challenges and seize emerging opportunities. The article also examines key practices such as scenario planning, agile methodologies, and internal learning programs that ensure continuous development and operational flexibility. Case studies of organizations like Amazon, Anthropic, and Netflix demonstrate how these principles translate into sustained success. Ultimately, organizations that cultivate future-readiness through innovation, reinvention, and learning will thrive in the face of uncertainty and lead in an ever-changing landscape.

Literature Review: Definition of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in Indonesian Journals (2019-2022)

After 30 years of development, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) in Indonesia has been widely studied and published in scientific journals. From 2019 to 2022, 44 Indonesian scientific journals were identified through a Google search. This study aims to explore how IMC is defined in scientific journal articles from 2019-2022, considering the current context. The research employs a literature review method, using five definitions of IMC, which are then distilled into sixteen core ideas. The findings reveal that Indonesian scientific journals still adhere to two main definitional concepts: “IMC is comprehensive planning” and “IMC combines various communication elements.” The first concept suggests that IMC must be thoroughly planned, typically through its communication elements. The second concept emphasizes the combination of various communication elements. Additionally, the articles found that the communicated message is predominantly from the brand, although only partially. This indicates that IMC has expanded to include brand value. A few scientific journals have advanced further in defining IMC, though only in terms of managing various communication elements, without incorporating dialogue or database-driven development. Overall, this study reveals that the definition of IMC in 44 articles positions it as a strategic process in business and management, involving the planning, execution, and persuasion of brand communication programs. On the other hand, many definitions of IMC need to be considered as concepts, at the very least those drawn from IMC thought leaders, such as the five definitions used in this study.

Analysis Of The Quality Of Family Planning (Kb) Health Services On Children's Nutritional Status At Sigambal Public Health Center, Rantau Selatan District, Labuhanbatu Regency

Background: Family planning services play an important role in supporting reproductive health and family well-being, especially in ensuring adequate nutrition for children. Objectives: to investigate the relationship between the quality of family planning (FP) health services and children's nutritional status at the Sigambal Health Center, Rantau Selatan District, Labuhanbatu Regency. Research method: structured interviews with mothers who participated in the family planning program and anthropometric measurements of their children.Results: there was a significant relationship between the quality of family planning services and children's nutritional status. High-quality family planning services have a positive impact on children's nutritional outcomes, as evidenced by improvements in weight and height indicators according to WHO standards. Factors determining service quality include the availability of contraception, the expertise of health workers, and community involvement in family planning initiatives.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of improving family planning services by ensuring adequate resources, ongoing training for health personnel, and encouraging community participation. These efforts are critical to improving children's nutritional status in the region

Inisiasi Pengolahan Air Embung dengan Teknologi Multimedia Filter (MMF) sebagai Solusi Air Bersih di Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Clean water and proper sanitation are fundamental human needs. Nganti Village, located in Ngraho Subdistrict, Bojonegoro Regency, faces significant drought and clean water shortages, particularly during the dry season. The water quality remains subpar despite the presence of springs and water reservoirs. Consequently, processing raw water from the village's reservoir can offer a viable solution. This service activity aims to harness water reservoirs as a clean water source through multimedia filter (MMF) technology. The activities, conducted from 2022 to the end of 2023, encompass four stages: socializing the program plans, constructing multimedia filters (MMF), installing the water treatment unit on-site, and evaluating water quality, followed by necessary follow-ups. The primary activities involve installing water treatment units with MMF technology in collaboration with village officials and the community. The treated water is then tested for quality at the IPB University laboratory. Test results indicate that MMF technology significantly improves water quality, reducing parameters such as Magnesium, Manganese, Calcium, Iron, and Phosphate by 25.8‒97.8%, thus meeting quality standards. However, some parameters, such as TSS, COD, and Zinc, still exceed quality standards, necessitating further processing. This advanced water treatment requires involvement from the local government, particularly in funding through community empowerment programs, to install advanced treatment units and provide operational support for these units.

Implementasi Manajemen Pembiayaan dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Sekolah di SDIT Al Ishlah Cibinong Bogor

The research in this thesis is based on the development of educational institutions today, so many are experiencing difficulties in developing and even no longer operating (closing), because they may not be able to survive in the current era of disruption. This is a problem that we often encounter in various regions, both rural and urban. Cost is also one of the influencing factors in the development and progress of schools or educational institutions and even affects the quality of students inside and outside school. In this study using qualitative methods, more precisely descriptive qualitative with a field research approach. The data obtained are in the form of written words, oral speech, forms of behavior that can be observed through interviews, observation and documentation. This specific finding description relates to the results of the study, compiled based on answers to questions in the research through interviews, documentation, and direct observations in the field. To describe financing management in an effort to improve the quality or quality of education at SDIT Al Ishlah Cibinong, Financing Management in Program Planning and Financing Management in Budget Management at SDIT Al Ishlah Cibinong

Determinants Influencing Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Tabora Region, Tabora Municipality, Tanzania

This study examines the determinants influencing the utilization of antenatal care services (ANC) in in Tabora region with a particular focus on Tabora Municipality, Tanzania. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the problem. The study uses primary and secondary data obtained from the field. Tools used for data collection were questionnaires, interviews, and observation. This study employed a cross-sectional research design. This design was preferred because the design allowed the collection of data from different groups of respondents at one point at a time. Similarly, the design had a greater degree of accuracy and precision in the data collected and used for statistical description and interpretation. The study found that there was low utilization of antenatal care services in Tabora Municipality. The study revealed that the low utilization of ANC in Tabora Municipality can be solved by addressing the determinants that are responsible for the low use of ANC services. The study identified a number of determinants that influence ANC visits such as spousal involvement in antenatal clinics, the attitudes of health service professionals, clinic opening days for the antenatal care services by client satisfaction and integrated approach to antenatal care services. The determinants that affect the use of ANC visits are not only many and complex, but they play different roles in different situations. The study revealed that men and the whole community should be included in the ANC campaign so that they understand more about potential risks for pregnant women. This would increase the level of ANC use and thus reduce the high incidence of maternal and neonatal death in Tanzania including the Tabora region that results from poor utilization of ANC services. Also, this study adds knowledge to health service providers in understanding the determinants that limit pregnant women’s utilization of antenatal services finding ways to improve the services and encourage women to utilize ANC services. The study findings will enable programme planners, policymakers, implementers and managers to come up with strategies for interventions that will enable pregnant women to start seeking and utilizing ANC services early in pregnancy and to have fewer pregnancy complications that lead to maternal and neonatal deaths

Implementasi Kegiatan Supervisi Akademik di Sekolah

The school is a vehicle or space for the transformation of knowledge by and between school personnel, namely the principal, teachers and students as subjects and objects in the learning process as well as other educational staff who support the smooth running of managerial activities in the school. For the success of learning activities, the competence of the principal as a supervisor in the school is required to provide guidance and direction to teachers through academic supervision activities which are carried out in stages and continuously in accordance with the obstacles experienced by teachers during the learning process. This research aims to explore the implementation of academic supervision. The subjects of this research were teachers at Madrasah Aliyah Ma'arif 7 Banjarwati Paciran Lamongan using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The research results showed that at this stage activities were carried out, including preparing an academic supervision program plan, preparing academic supervision instruments and socializing the academic supervision program; The stages of implementing activities carried out in academic supervision are pre-observation, observation and post-observation; In the follow-up stage, the activities carried out by the school principal are evaluation and follow-up.