Prognostic Factors For Recurrence Research Articles

Analysis of patients with parotid recurrence after parotid-sparing IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: case series and review of the literature.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the standard treatment approach for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). IMRT enables effective sparing of the parotid glands and reduces the risk of xerostomia, acommon complication of head and neck irradiation. Nevertheless, it is essential to determine whether the parotid-sparing IMRT (ps-IMRT) technique yields increased intra-/periparotid recurrence rates, which constitutes the main purpose of this study. Patients with adiagnosis of NPC that received definitive chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy (CRT/RT) between 1991 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with intra-/periparotid recurrence were detected and prognostic factors for recurrence were sought. Atotal of 746 patients were evaluated. Two-dimensional (2D)-RT was applied to 541, 3D conformal RT (3D-CRT) to 10, and ps-IMRT to 195 patients. After amedian 85-month follow-up, one (0.18%) patient who received 2D-RT and four (2%) patients who received ps-IMRT experienced an intra-/periparotid recurrence. The median time to intra-/periparotid recurrence was 11.9 months. All patients had been diagnosed with ametastatic lymph node > 2 cm at levelII of the ipsilateral neck. In addition, all recurrences occurred on the same side as the positive neck at the time of diagnosis. The 3‑year overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 80%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. Intra-/periparotid recurrence is extremely rare in NPC. However, it is still possible to identify and characterize particular risk factors, which include ametastatic lymph node at levelII, particularly > 2 cm, and multinodal disease at the time of diagnosis.

Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Eyelid Malignancy: A 17-Year Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Management and Reconstruction Techniques.

To assess clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgical excision and eyelid reconstruction for malignancies. This 17-year retrospective study (2004-2021) analyzed patients with malignant eyelid tumors who underwent excision and reconstruction. Data on tumor type, size, location, surgical techniques, complications, and prognostic factors for recurrence were evaluated. A total of 152 patients underwent surgical excision and reconstruction for eyelid malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma (52.6%) was the most common, followed by sebaceous cell carcinoma (32.2%). Direct lid closure was the most frequent reconstructive method. Postoperative complications, including ectropion, entropion, and canalicular obstruction, were minimal but required additional surgery in some cases. Recurrence occurred in 13 patients. Lymph node involvement (OR 21.291, p = 0.004) and positive intraoperative frozen margins (OR 7.083, p = 0.018) were significant risk factors for local recurrence. Surgical excision and reconstruction are effective treatments for eyelid malignancies, with techniques tailored to tumor size, location, and extension to ensure proper lid function. Lymph node involvement and positive intraoperative frozen margins are key predictors of local recurrence.

Prognostic Factors for Recurrence And Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer Using A Multi-state Model

Background: In many medical studies, patients may experience various events. The analysis in such studies is often administrated using multi-state models. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of risk factors and transition probability on recurrence and death in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study on 814 women with breast cancer admitted to Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center in Yazd province in Iran between the years 2004 -2012 and were followed until 2016. A multi-state model is applied for data analysis in the R 3.4.1 programming language. Results: Of the 814 patients, 40(5%) experienced recovery after initial treatment and 177(20.7%) experienced the death after initial treatment. For the first year, the transition probabilities from the initial treatment to recovery were estimated at 1.4%, to death was 17% and for recovery to death, it was 29%. The mean sojourn times were estimated as 2.93 and 9.8 years for the treatment and recovery, respectively. Conclusion: Multi-state models predict the transition probabilities in different states of disease, in addition, transition probabilities, mean sojourn time, and hazard ratio in each state can help physicians find suitable care for patients with breast cancer.

Evaluating the Prognostic Role of the PAM50 Signature and Selected Immune-Related Signatures for Recurrence in Patients With T1abN0 Breast Cancer

BackgroundDe-escalation of adjuvant treatment in patients with T1abN0 breast cancer is discussed internationally. Identification of new prognostic factors in these patients may assist this de-escalation. The PAM50 signature and tumor inflammation signature (TIS), Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) signatures are possible prognostic factors for recurrence. Materials and MethodsDanish patients with T1abN0 breast cancer diagnosed between 2007-2016 were identified, the NanoString Breast Cancer 360 Panel was performed on tissue samples from cases with recurrence matched 1:1 with controls without recurrence (n = 234). The association between gene signatures and recurrence was analyzed with conditional logistic regression. ResultsPatients with the basal-like subtype had higher values of TIS, PD-1 and PD-L1 scores compared with other subtypes. Patients with higher PD-L1 score had significantly lower odds of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] 0.61, P = .01). Likewise, an increased TIS score was associated to lower, but nonsignificant odds of recurrence (OR 0.76, P = .07). Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched subtype had significantly higher odds of recurrence compared with patients with luminal A subtype (OR 4.8, P = .03). DiscussionPAM50 and immune-related signatures provide important prognostic information in patients with T1abN0 breast cancer, which may refine the risk assessment in these patients.

Predictive factors for adnexal involvement in endometrial cancer FIGO stage IIIA

ObjectiveUnderstanding ovarian involvement incidence and risk factors in women with endometrial cancer may inform the decision of ovary preservation.MethodsOur retrospective study included all consecutive fully surgically staged patients with endometrial...

Emergency resection for stage II colon cancer: patterns of recurrence and prognostic factors

Background: The prognosis in colon cancer patients who undergo emergency curative resection remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the oncological outcomes in stage II colon cancer patients who underwent emergency or elective colon resection and identify the prognostic factors for recurrence following emergency resection. Methods: Patients in this study underwent curative resection for stage II colon cancer between March 2008 and December 2020. Based on surgical condition, patients were divided into two groups: emergency and elective. The two groups were compared regarding clinicopathological features and postoperative recurrence. Prognostic factors for recurrence were analyzed in the emergency resection group. Results: Among 161 patients, 60 and 101 patients were emergency group and elective group, respectively. The emergency group had significantly lower adequately harvested lymph nodes than the elective group (p=0.02). The emergency group had significantly poorer disease-free survival compared to the elective group (p=0.019). The most common recurrence site was local recurrence. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in recurrence site. The presence of lymphovascular invasion and clinical perforation were prognostic factors for recurrence in the emergency resection group. Conclusion: Emergency resection for stage II colon cancer is associated with poor disease-free survival compared to elective resection. The prognosis may improve by performing appropriate radical surgery including extensive lymph node dissection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be performed following emergency surgery for stage II colon cancer, especially when lymphovascular invasion or colonic perforation is identified.

Prognostic factors of recurrence and disease-free survival in radically resected pulmonary carcinoids: a real-world analysis.

Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare neuroendocrine lung tumors which may recur, thus worsening their otherwise favorable overall prognosis. Aiming to identify patients at risk for recurrence, we examined parameters affecting disease-free survival (DFS). A retrospective single-center analysis of 82 consecutive patients undergoing curative intent resection for primary PC tumors between 2010 and 2019 was carried out. Kaplan-Meier method was utilized for survival analysis. Independent prognostic factors were determined using multivariable Cox and logistic regression. During the observation period 82 patients, 48 females (58.5%) and 34 males (41.5%) were operated, representing 84 cases of PCs, 56 typical (TCs) (66.7%) and 28 atypical (ACs) (33.3%) carcinoids. Five-year overall survival was 87.5% and 84.7%, 5-year DFS 97.5% and 74.9% (P=0.012) for TCs and ACs, respectively. Recurrences occurred in one patient (1.8%) with TCs and five patients (17.9%) with ACs (P=0.014). Using multivariable Cox regression, tumor size (cm) remained as an independent prognostic factor for reduced DFS (P=0.018). In logistic regression, nodal involvement (P=0.043) and tumor size (cm) (P=0.023) were independently associated with higher risk of recurrence. Age, sex, smoking, location, and Ki-67 index were not independently associated with recurrence or DFS. Recurrence in PCs after complete resection is relatively rare. However, DFS is reduced in ACs compared to TCs. Tumor size (cm) and nodal involvement appear as the most important prognostic factors associated with recurrence in PCs, independent of histologic type.

Scalp Melanoma: A High-Risk Subset of Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanomas with Distinctive Clinicopathological Features.

Scalp melanomas (SM) have been previously associated with poor overall and melanoma-specific survival rates. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of SM and non-scalp cutaneous head and neck melanoma (CHNM). An observational multi-center retrospective study was designed based on patients with CHNM followed in two tertiary care hospitals. A hundred and fifty-two patients had CHNM, of which 35 (23%) had SM. In comparison with non-scalp CHNM, SM were more frequently superficial spreading and nodular subtypes, had a thicker Breslow index median (2.1 mm vs. 0.85 mm), and a higher tumor mitotic rate (3 vs. 1 mitosis/mm2) (p < 0.05). SM had a higher risk of recurrence and a higher risk of melanoma-specific death (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, scalp location was the only prognostic factor for recurrence, and tumor mitotic rate was the only prognostic factor for melanoma-specific survival. We encourage routinely examining the scalp in all patients, especially those with chronic sun damage.

Radiological and Clinical Prognostic Factors of Recurrence of Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematomas

Objectives. To assess characteristic data of patients hospitalized due to subacute subdural hematomas (SSDHs) and chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) and to evaluate radiological findings and establish predictors of hematoma recurrence of SSDHs and CSDHs patient populations. Methods. 149 patients with SSDHs and CSDHs who underwent surgery at Kaunas Clinics Neurosurgery Department from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed. Based on recurrence rate, patients were divided into different subtypes based on computer tomography (CT) imaging. Descriptive analysis, hypothesis testing and correlation matrix were performed using Excel spreadsheet and R programming language with the significance at p-value &lt; 0.05. Results. Out of 149 patients, SSDHs and CSDHs were observed in 89 males (59.6%) and 60 (40.3%) females. Mean of the patients age was 71.1±15 years. Dichotomizing results based on recurrence (cut-off value of 25%), 2 groups were made: 1) low reoperation rate –hypodense sedimented (10%), isodense (21.6%), hypodense (22.2%); 2) high reoperation rate – hypodense bridging (26.7%), hypodense trabecular (27.8%), hypodense with acute bleeding (28.6%), hypodense laminar (30%), isodense with acute bleeding (33.3%). Conclusion. It is concluded that based on 25% reoperation rate high-recurrence and low-recurrence chronic subdural hematomas groups were similar in all terms apart from the hematoma thickness (mm), which leads to a fact that radiological appearance of higher recurrence hematomas should be carefully taken into consideration.

Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents at different ages

Objectives: To examine the age cut-off point for poor clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in children and adolescents. Methods: The clinicopathological features of 74 patients with DTC aged 18 years and younger who underwent surgery in the Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 males and 54 females, aged (M(IQR)) 16 (4) years (range: 8 to 18 years). Firstly, the cut-off point of age affecting prognosis was determined according to the receiver operator characteristic curve, the patients included in the study were grouped according to the age cut-off, and then the univariate and multivariate analysis for prognostic factors were performed using the Cox risk proportional regression model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to verify the factors affecting the prognosis and analyzed the possible mechanisms by bioinformatics. Results: The cut-off value of age was 15 years. Age ≤15 years was the only prognostic factor for recurrence (HR=4.427, 95%CI: 1.236 to 15.859, P=0.022). The number of metastatic cervical lymph nodes was higher in patients aged ≤15 years, and the 10-year recurrence-free survival rate was much lower than in patients aged >15 years (50.4% vs. 84.1%, P=0.018). Gene enrichment analysis and differential gene identification showed that differential genes between ≤15 years old group and>15 years old group were closely related to the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway and some metabolism-related signaling pathways. Conclusions: Age ≤15 years is the only prognostic factor for the prognosis of DTC in children and adolescents. Age ≤15 years had more cervical lymph node metastases and a worse prognosis. For younger DTC patients, more active treatment and a stricter postoperative management strategy should be adopted.

Long-term Recurrence Rates of Low-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer—How Long Is Cystoscopic Surveillance Necessary?

BackgroundWhile low-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LR-NMIBC) has a low propensity to progress, the risk of recurrence remains high (50% within 4 yr). Guidelines recommend cystoscopic surveillance after resection, but the necessary duration of follow-up is debated. ObjectiveTo determine the risk of recurrence beyond 5 yr after diagnosis in patients with LR-NMIBC, and to identify risk factors of recurrence. Design, setting, and participantsIn this multicenter retrospective observational study, patients who received their first transurethral bladder tumor resection before 2016 for LR-NMIBC were included. Low risk was defined as a primary, solitary, low grade, Ta bladder tumor measuring <3 cm. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe primary endpoint was determination of the recurrence rates at 1, 2, and 5 yr. The secondary endpoints included overall recurrence-free survival (RFS) and high-risk RFS. A univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors for recurrence over the study period. Results and limitationsThe median age of the 577 patients was 70.9 yr, and 126 (21.8%) patients were female. The median follow-up was 69.6 (interquartile range: 58.4) mo, and recurrence was observed in 236 (40.9%) patients. The 1-, 2-, and 5-yr RFS rates were 81.6% (95% confidence interval 78.4–84.9), 72.4% (68.7–76.3), and 59.2% (55–63.8), respectively. Recurrence after 5 yr was observed in 13.1% (28/213). High-risk recurrence, defined as the first recurrence of a high-grade and/or ≥T1 tumor, occurred in 6.2% (36/579) overall and 2.8% (6/213) after 5 yr. The lack of a single postoperative dose of chemotherapy and tumor size >2 cm were prognostic factors of recurrence. ConclusionsThe risk of recurrence in patients with LR-NMIBC decreases progressively after the 1st year and remains low beyond 5 yr. Discontinuation of endoscopic surveillance after 5 yr in patients with LR-NMIBC can be discussed. Treatment with postoperative chemotherapy and tumor size <2 cm may be relevant variables to identify patients who will benefit from cystoscopic follow-up as short as 12 mo. Patient summaryIn this study, we observed that 13% of patients who did not have a recurrence during the first 5 yr following the diagnosis of low-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer will recur after this time point. Discontinuation of cystoscopic surveillance can be discussed after 5 yr in these patients.

Performance of [18F]FDG-PET/CT Imaging in First Recurrence of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.

Invasive lobular carcinoma accounts for 10 to 15% of all breast cancers. The first objective of this retrospective study was to assess the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT scanning in women previously treated for invasive lobular carcinoma with suspected first recurrence. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the impact of PET/CT in a change in treatment and its prognostic value on specific survival. Patients in whom a PET/CT scan was performed from January 2011 to July 2019 in our Cancer Research Center were enrolled. Recurrence was suspected based on clinical symptoms, abnormal findings on conventional imaging, and/or elevated tumor markers. The diagnosis of recurrence was established by the oncologist after integration of all clinical, biological, histological, imaging, and follow-up data. Prognostic factors of recurrence as predicted by PET were determined using univariate logistic regression. KI67, mitotic index, or grade of mitosis were tested. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Sixty-four patients (mean age: 60.3; SD = 12.4 years) were enrolled. The average time from initial diagnosis of the primary tumor to suspicion of recurrence was 5.2 ± 4.1 years. Forty-eight patients (75%) were judged to have recurrence by the oncologist: 7 local and 41 metastatic, with mainly bone (n = 24), lymph node (n = 14) and liver (n = 10) metastases. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of PET/CT to predict recurrence were, respectively: 87%, 87%, 95%, and 70%. SUVmax at recurrence sites was generally high (mean: 6.4; SD = 2.9). False negative PET/CT results occurred with local (n = 2), peritoneal (n = 2), meningeal (n = 1), or bladder (n = 1) recurrences. In 40 patients with available histopathological data from suspected sites of recurrence, 30 PET/CT were true positive. In four patients, primary lung (n = 1) or gastric (n = 1) tumors or lymphomas (n = 2) were found. The detection of a recurrence resulted in a change in treatment in 44/48 patients (92%). No association between recurrence predicted by PET and biological biomarkers was found. Median specific survival appears shorter in patients with metastatic recurrence versus patients with local or no recurrence on PET/CT (p = 0.067). FDG-PET/CT is an effective and reliable tool for the detection of invasive lobular carcinoma recurrence, although certain recurrence sites specific to this histological type can impair its diagnostic performance.

Bladder tumor Resection Weight as a Prognostic Factor for Recurrence and Progression in Patients With High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Treated With BCG.

Predicting outcomes of patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) is critical. Here, we evaluate whether bladder tumor resection weight might serve as a prognostic factor for recurrence and progression of HR-NMIBC patients treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In this retrospective, single-centre study in the UK, we analysed a consecutive cohort of HR-NMIBC patients who have received adequate intravesical BCG immunotherapy between 2009 and 2019. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of resection weight and established predictors with recurrence and progression. A total of 187 HR-NMIBC patients were analysed. The median resection weight was 1.4g (range: 0.2-28.5g). Within a median follow-up of 41 months, 58 (31%) tumors recurred and 19 (10%) progressed. Fifty-four patients (29%) died from any cause and 16 (9%) died from bladder cancer. Both the risk of recurrence (P=.007) and progression (P=.019) increased with rising resection weight. On the multivariable analysis, a resection weight of ≥ 2g and ≥ 3g conferred a 4.35-fold and a 9.03-fold increased risk of bladder cancer recurrence (P < .001) and progression (P < .001), respectively. The addition of resection weight improved the C index of multivariable standard prognostic models to a clinically significant extent (+ 3.8% for recurrence,+4.3% for progression). In our HR-NMIBC patient cohort treated with BCG, bladder tumor resection weight was associated with disease recurrence and progression. Its addition improves discrimination of standard prognostic factors. Measurement may therefore be considered for routine clinical practice.

Value of lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor of recurrence in medullary thyroid cancer.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between lymph node status (the number of resected lymph nodes; the number of metastatic lymph nodes, LNM, and lymph node ratio, LNR) and biochemical recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), as well as overall survival (OS) in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This study enrolled MTC patients at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2011 and 2019. We used Logistic regression analysis, Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier test to identify risk factors influencing biochemical recurrence, DFS, and OS. We identified 160 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria from 2011 to 2019. We used ROC analysis to define the cut-off value of LNR with 0.24. Multifocality, preoperative calcitonin levels, pathologic N stage, resected lymph nodes, LNM, LNR, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical stage were significant (P < 0.05) prognostic factors influencing biochemical cure. In univariable analyses, gross extrathyroidal extension, preoperative calcitonin levels, pathologic T classification, pathologic N stage, resected lymph nodes, LNM, LNR, AJCC clinical stage, and biochemical cure were significant (P < 0.05) factors of DFS. When the multivariable analysis was performed, LNR was identified as predictor of DFS (HR = 4.818, 95% CI [1.270-18.276]). Univariable Cox regression models reflected that tumor size, pathologic N stage, and LNR were predictor of OS. Furthermore, multivariable analysis manifested that LNR was predictor of OS (HR = 10.061, 95% CI [1.222-82.841]). This study illustrated that LNR was independent prognostic factor of DFS and OS in MTC. In addition, LNR influenced biochemical cure. Further investigations are needed to determine the optimal cut-off value for predicting prognosis.

Prognostic Factors of Non-epithelial Ovarian Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia

Introduction: Non-epithelial is a rare type of ovarian cancer but the most common ovarian neoplasm in reproductive age. This study analyzed the correlation of clinical characteristics to disease-free survival (DFS) and 3-year survival in non-epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: A cohort analysis of medical records of 30 patients with non-epithelial ovarian cancer from 2016 to 2017 at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier test, log-rank test, and Cox regression to determine the correlation of characteristics including age, stage, tumor size, tumor residue, histopathology type and chemotherapy status as prognostic factors for recurrence and mortality. Results: DFS was significantly affected by stage (p=0.049), tumor residue (p&lt;0.0001), and chemotherapy (p=0.005). Stage I, no residual disease, and adequate chemotherapy had the highest DFS and mean DFS rates (94.1% and 35.6 months; 95.5% and 35.7 months; 75% and 31.94 months, respectively). Highest recurrence rates were found in patients with unstaged disease (hazard ratio [HR]=10.08), residue &gt;0 cm (HR=23.13), and inadequate chemotherapy (HR=6.55). Three-year survival was significantly affected by stage (p=0.001), tumor residue (p&lt;0.0001), and chemotherapy (p&lt;0.0001). Stage I, no residual disease, and adequate chemotherapy had the highest 3-year survival rate and mean survival time (94.1% and 35.47 months; 95.5% and 35.7 months; 87.5% and 33 months). The highest mortality were found in patients with unstaged disease (HR=19.99), residue &gt;0 cm (HR=11.33), and inadequate chemotherapy (HR=11.71). Conclusion: Stage, tumor residue, and chemotherapy status in patients with non-epithelial ovarian cancer are significant prognostic factors for DFS and 3-year survival.

Prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and mortality of patients diagnosed with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) with immediate surgery in Colombia has not been reported. To retrospectively evaluate the risk factors for recurrence and survival at 10years in patients with the diagnosis of PTC treated at Fundación Santa Fe deBogota (FSFB). A total of 486 patients with thyroid surgery accompanied by medical follow-up were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and pathological variables were followed-up for a median period of 10years. The most significant variables for recurrence were tumors with > 4cm of size (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-55) and extrathyroidal spread (HR = 26.7; 95% CI = 3.1-228). PTC in our population has low rates of mortality (0.6%) and recurrence (9.6%), with an average time of recurrence of 3years. Size of the lesion, positive surgical margins, extrathyroidal spread, and high postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level act as prognostic factors that determine the likelihood of recurrence. Unlike other studies, the influence of age and gender does not act as a prognostic factor.

Real-world outcomes of patients with renal cell carcinoma, surgically treated at regional hospitals, based on a prospective long-term survey of the pre-robotic era

PurposeRenal cancer surgery is frequently performed in small regional hospitals in Japan. This study evaluated the outcomes of renal cancer surgery, comparing results from the pre-robotic surgery era with those obtained with robotic surgery.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent renal cancer surgery between 2008 and 2013 at 14 hospitals, comprising 13 regional hospitals and a university hospital, registered in the Tohoku Urological Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group. The patients’ backgrounds; perioperative data; annual postoperative renal function; and prognostic surveys, performed over a median follow-up period of 10 years were obtained.ResultsIn 930 surgical cases at the 14 registered hospitals, the 10-year recurrence-free survival rates of cT1a, cT1b, cT2, and cT3 were 0.9326, 0.8501, 0.5786, and 0.5101, respectively. Meanwhile, the 10-year overall survival rates were 0.9612, 0.8662, 0.7505, and 0.7209, respectively. Long-term observation in patients with cT1 showed that vessel involvement and high tumor grade were prognostic factors for recurrence. As a noteworthy fact, radical nephrectomy was performed in 53.3% of patients with cT1a at the regional hospitals. However, even in patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease stage 3, radical nephrectomy was not a prognostic factor of renal function. This indicates that compensatory mechanisms had been working for a long time in many patients who underwent radical nephrectomies without hypertension and preoperative proteinuria, which were predictors of end-stage renal disease.ConclusionBased on a prospective long-term survey of the pre-robotic era, our results suggested no difference of the survival outcomes between the university hospital and regional hospitals. Our study provides baseline data to evaluate the outcomes of renal cancer robotic surgery, performed at regional hospitals.

Cystic versus non-cystic silent corticotrophic adenomas: clinical and histological analysis of 62 cases after microscopic transsphenoidal surgery—a retrospective, single-center study

Silent corticotrophic adenomas (SCAs) represent a rare group of non-functioning adenomas with a potentially aggressive clinical course. Cystic component is a very common finding among SCAs, but its clinical relevance has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical features of cystic and non-cystic SCAs, perioperative complications after microscopic transsphenoidal surgery, clinical outcome after first and repeat surgery along with risk factors for recurrence. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 62 silent corticotrophic adenomas treated at our university medical center via microscopic transsphenoidal surgery between January 2008 and July 2019. Parameters investigated included histology, invasiveness, intratumoral haemorrhage or cystic component on MRI, perioperative alteration of visual field, tumor size, pre- and postoperative ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH, prolactin, cortisol, free T4, free T3, IGF-1, estrogen and testosterone levels, perioperative complications, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy along with clinical outcomes. A total of 62 patients were analyzed. The mean follow up was 28.3 months. Tumors with a cystic component occur statistically significant more often among male than non-cystic (80.6% vs. 44.4%, p = 0.02) and display lower rates of cavernous sinus invasion and sphenoid sinus invasion were significantly lower for cystic lesions comparing to non-cystic tumors (42.3% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.04 and 3.8% vs. 47.2%, p < 0.001). GTR after MTS was not statistically significant higher by cystic SCAs (80% vs. 57.1%, p = 0.09). Cystic lesions were also associated with higher risk of hyperprolactinemia (19.4% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.02) and only densely granulated cystic SCAs presented with preoperative intratumoral hemorrhage (19.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.01). Mean duration of first surgery was significantly shorter for cystic SCAs (71.6(± 18.7) vs. 94.8(± 31.1) minutes, p = 0.01). Preoperative pituitary insufficiency (25% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.49), intraoperative CSF space opening (21.1% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.32), along with postoperative new pituitary insufficiency (15% vs. 10%, p = 0.67) or diabetes insipidus/SIADH (10% vs. 13.3%, p > 0.99) with histological markers such as Ki67 (21.1% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.70) and p53 expression (6.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.39) as well as mitotic rate (5.3% vs. 10.3%, p > 0.99) were comparable between both groups. The presence of cystic component did not affect the tumor recurrence (10% vs. 16%, p = 0.68). Mean duration of surgery was first surgeries was not statistically shorter than repeat surgeries (85.4 ± 29.1 vs. 93.8 ± 28 min, p = 0.15). Patients undergoing first surgery had a higher probability of gross total resection (74.4% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) and lower probability of intraoperative CSF space opening (26% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.04) as well as a lower rate of preoperative anterior pituitary insufficiency (20% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.01). The incidence of new postoperative anterior pituitary insufficiency (10% vs. 0%, p = 0.57) and transient diabetes insipidus/SIADH (12% vs. 8.3%, p > 0.99) between those groups were comparable. No statistical difference was observed between patients with remission and with recurrent tumor regarding cortisol and ACTH levels, incidence of different histological subgroups, invasively growing tumors and lesions with cystic components as well as the percentage of cases with increased Ki67 proliferation index, p53 expression and mitotic indices. Our study presents one of the largest available cohorts of SCAs after microscopic transsphenoidal surgery and first clinical analysis of cystic versus non-cystic SCAs so far. We also performed the first comparison of index and repeat surgeries for this tumor entity. Cystic tumors presented with characteristic clinical aspects like male predominance, higher risk of hyperprolactinemia as well as lower rates of cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus invasion comparing to non-cystic lesions. Mean duration of first surgery was significantly shorter for cystic SCAs. Moreover preoperative intratumoral hemorrhage had 100% specificity and 60% sensitivity for densely granulated cystic SCAs. All these clinical hallmarks may suggest a novel subgroup of SCAs with distinct clinical and biological features, however further clinical and molecular investigations are required. Second surgeries are associated with a higher incidence of preoperative pituitary insufficiency, and a higher risk of subtotal resection, and a higher probability of CSF space opening intraoperatively compared to first surgeries. On the other hand, the risk of new postoperative pituitary insufficiency was higher after first surgeries. In our cohort of patients, no prognostic factor for recurrence among histological diagnosis, Ki67-proliferation index, p53 expression, number of mitoses, invasive growth or cystic lesions for SCAs could be detected.

Infiltration depth into the mesenteric fat in pT3 colon cancer as a prognostic factor for recurrence and survival

Infiltration depth into the mesenteric fat in pT3 colon cancer as a prognostic factor for recurrence and survival

Parasagittal Meningiomas: Prognostic Factors for Recurrence.

The term parasagittal meningioma applies to those tumors that are associated with the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), originating from the dura mater in close relation to the parasagittal wall or angle, with no intervening brain tissue, possibly extending to the dura of the convexity and/or falx cerebri.(Cushing et al., Meningiomas: their classification, regional behaviour, life history, and surgeical and results. Hafner, 1938) They make up about 20-30% of all meningiomas. There is a vast literature correlating the Simpson grade of resection with later recurrence. Frequent involvement of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by these tumors means that the optimal treatment recommended in the literature-complete resection, including of the dural base-is one of the most challenging.