Prognosis Of Victims Research Articles

Venomous Stings and Bites in the Tropics (Malaysia): Review (Non-Snake Related)

The success in conservation and increase in number of nature reserves resulted in repopulation of wildlife across the country. Whereas areas which are not conserved experience deforestation and destruction of animal’s natural habitat. Both of these scenarios predispose mankind to the encounter of animals, some of which carry toxins and cause significant harm. This review dwells into the envenomation by organisms from the land and sea, excluding snakes which are discussed separately. Rapid recognition of the organism and rapid response may aid in further management and changes the prognosis of victims.

Factors associated with death or volume replacement in patients with trauma due to penetrating injuries

Objective: to evaluate the prognostic factors of volume replacement in patients with trauma due to penetrating injuries. Methods: retrospective cohort study whose data were obtained by analyzing medical records of 544 patients who were admitted to the emergency unit, victims of penetrating trauma. Results: among the victims, 282 (51.9%) suffered stab wound, 262 (48.2%) injury by firearms, 486 (89.3%) were male, 382 (70.2%) were aged between 14 and 30 years. Most who received volume greater than 2000ml, systolic blood pressure ≤90mmHg and mean arterial pressure ≤65mmHg presented more mortality, with p <0.05, p <0.002 and p <0.003, respectively. Conclusion: the limited volume replacement can help in the good prognosis of victims of penetrating trauma.

Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for Biodosimetry and Monitoring of Radiation Injury to the Skin

Abstract Strategy, Management and Health Policy Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics Preclinical Research Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing Postmarketing Phase IV In the event of an intentional or accidental release of ionizing radiation in a densely populated area, timely assessment and triage of the general population for radiation exposure is critical. In particular, a significant number of victims may sustain cutaneous radiation injury, which increases mortality and worsens the overall prognosis of victims from radiation trauma. Diagnosis of cutaneous radiation injury is challenging, and established methods largely rely on visual manifestations, presence of skin contamination, and a high degree of event recall by the victim. Availability of a high‐throughput noninvasive in vivo biodosimetry tool for assessing the radiation exposure of skin is of particular importance for timely diagnosis of cutaneous injury. In this report, we describe the potential of optical reflectance spectroscopy in evaluating radiation injury to skin. This approach is technically attractive because optical spectroscopy relies on well‐established and routinely used instrumentation and methods for various applications, one example being pulse oximetry, which uses selected wavelengths for the quantification of blood oxygenation. Our method relies on a broad spectral region ranging from locally absorbed, shallow‐penetrating ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (200–800 nm) to more deeply penetrating near‐infrared light (800–2500 nm), allowing the monitoring of multiple physiological changes in skin upon irradiation. Chemometrics is a multivariate data treatment technique that allows information from entire spectral regions to be used to generate predictive regression models. Herein we demonstrate that a simple spectroscopic method, such as optical reflectance spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate data analysis, promises rapid and noninvasive in vivo diagnosis and monitoring of cutaneous radiation exposure. Moreover, our data show that this approach accurately predicts the dose and time of exposure in a rodent model.