Profound Principles Research Articles

Islamic View towards International Relations

Islam emphasizes the protection of human dignity and respect for each individual as a result of true humanity. In the Islamic view, society is united under one legal system from the Koran and Sunnah. Islamic legal experts agree that Muslims are united, regardless of differences in territory or position. Islamic law embraces all humanity without discrimination. This research highlights the study of Islam in international relations, emphasizing that Islam is not a collection of separate ideas but a cohesive system rooted in profound principles. The research methodology includes historical and comparative approaches with critical analysis. The theory of realism dominates international relations, viewing it as an arena of unstable conflict, emphasizing national interests, power and war. Islam provides an alternative perspective by affirming justice, peace and cooperation regardless of belief.

Dissemination of Faith in The Early Muslim Community in The Mecca Period: An Analysis of The Process And its Impact on Islamic Faith Education

This article discusses the historical chronicles of Prophet Muhammad SAW and their significance in integrating faith values into Islamic education. The focus of this research is on the historical process that occurred during the period of Mecca, where the foundation of the Islamic faith was laid. This study aims to explore the dissemination process of the Islamic faith during the early Muslim community in Mecca, its significance in integrating faith values in Islamic education, and its implications for the renewal of the curriculum and teaching methods of the Islamic faith in the present time. This study uses the prophetical-transformative theory proposed by Kuntowijoyo, which emphasizes the integration of modern science with the prophetic ideals of Islam. The article concludes that the historical chronicles during the time of the Prophet Muhammad saw. are crucial for understanding the foundation of the Islamic faith and its integration into Islamic education. The paradigmatic core values in Islamic faith education emphasize the importance of core values, which should be the basis for religious education. These core values reflect profound principles in Islam and should be an integral part of efforts to reform the Islamic faith learning curriculum. This article recommends the rediscovery of the historical facts of the dissemination of the Islamic faith during the early Muslim community in Mecca as a basis for the renewal of the curriculum and teaching methods of the Islamic faith in the present time.

مدى عناية المحدثين بالقرائن العقلية في المنهج النقدي

The opposing groups of ahl al-ḥadīth, such as the past Mu’tazilites, groups of thinkers in the present days, and also orientalists that wrote about the Sunnah, assumed that the methods applied by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth critism are not meticulous and elaborated, especially in matn (content) criticism, which, in their view, received an inadequate amount of attention, as opposed to their attention to the criticism of sanad (chains of narration). They deemed that matn criticism must be based solely on the outlook of ʿaql (reasoning) to regard the appropriateness of a ḥadīth. Therefore, this study aims to address the extent of attention designated by al-Muḥaddithūn towards rational evidence in ḥadīth criticism and to highlight their directive in employing reasoning to criticize the chains of narration and the content of a ḥadīth. The research adopts inductive and analytical approaches while presenting the employment of reasoning by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth criticism. Some of the findings of the research lie in several observations: that the methods applied by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth criticism are based upon solid and profound principles of reasoning that are well-accepted by sensible people. And that all sound ḥadīth came from the Prophet pbuh, which has gone through the processes of criticism established by al-Muḥaddithūn, does not contradict reasoning that is enlightened by the Qurʾān and Sunnah.

Bioinspired Multiscale Mineralization: From Fundamentals to Potential Applications.

The wondrous and imaginative designs of nature have always been an inexhaustible treasure trove for material scientists. Throughout the long evolutionary process, biominerals with hierarchical structures possess some specific advantages such as outstanding mechanical properties, biological functions, and sensing performances, the formation of which (biomineralization) is delicately regulated by organic component. Provoked by the subtle structures and profound principles of nature, bioinspired functional minerals can be designed with the participation of organic molecules. Because of the designable morphology and functions, multiscale mineralization has attracted more and more attention in the areas of medicine, chemistry, biology, and material science. This review provides a summary of current advancements in this extending topic. The mechanisms underlying mineralization is first concisely elucidated. Next, several types of minerals are categorized according to their structural characteristic, as well as the different potential applications of these materials. At last, a comprehensive overview of future developments for bioinspired multiscale mineralization is given. Concentrating on the mechanism of fabrication and broad application prospects of multiscale mineralization, the hope is to provide inspirations for the design of other functional materials.

Konsep Pendidikan Islam Menurut Imam Nawawi

Islamic education according to Imam Nawawi contains profound principles, including sincere intentions for the sake of Allah, good ethics, and avoiding spiritual diseases. A teacher must have pure intentions, teach without seeking worldly gains, and maintain integrity in teaching. This study aims to examine the concept of Islamic education according to Imam Nawawi. The research method employed is literature review. The study found that Imam Nawawi emphasizes the importance of integrity, sincere intentions, good ethics, and purity of heart for a teacher in carrying out their teaching duties. A teacher must have Sincere Teaching Intentions, Maintain Good Ethics, Avoid Spiritual Diseases, and Honor Knowledge and Prioritize Trust and Prayer. By adhering to these principles, a teacher can uphold the honor and quality of teaching, build healthy relationships with their students, and create a positive and conducive learning environment for the holistic development of students.

Optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties of I–III–VI QDs: Bridging between traditional and emerging new QDs

Due to the quantum size effect and other unique photoelectric properties, quantum dots (QDs) have attracted tremendous interest in nanoscience, leading a lot of milestone works. Meantime, the scope and scientific connotation of QDs are constantly expanding, which demonstrated amazing development vitality. Besides the well-developed Cd-containing II–VI semiconductors, QDs of environmentally friendly I–III–VI (I = Cu, Ag; III = Ga, In; VI = S, Se) chalcogenides have been a hot spot in the QDs family, which are different from traditional II–VI QDs in terms of multi-composition, complex defect structure, synthetic chemistry and optical properties, bringing a series of new laws, new phenomena and new challenges. The composition of I–III–VI chalcogenides and their solid solutions can be adjusted within a very large range while the anion framework remains stable, giving them excellent capability of photoelectric property manipulation. The important features of I–III–VI QDs include wide-range bandgap tuning, large Stokes shift and long photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, which are crucial for biological, optoelectronic and energy applications. This is due to the coexistence of two or more metal cations leading to a large number of intrinsic defects within the crystal lattice also known as deep-donor-acceptor states, besides the commonly observed surface defects in all QDs. However, a profound understanding of their structure and optoelectronic properties remains a huge challenge with many key issues unclear. On one hand, the achievements and experience of traditional QD research are expected to provide vital value for further development of I–III–VI QDs. On the other hand, the understanding of the emerging new QDs, such as carbon and other 2D materials, are even more challenging because of the dramatically different composition and structure from II–VI semiconductors. For this, I–III–VI QDs, as a close relative to II–VI QDs but with much more complex composition and structure variation, provide a great opportunity as a gradual bridge to make up the big gap between traditional QDs and emerging new QDs, such as carbon dots. Here, we hope to compare the research progress of I–III–VI QDs and II–VI QDs, in an effort to comprehensively understand their structure, synthetic chemistry, optical electronic and photocatalytic properties. We further give insights on the key potential issues of I–III–VI QDs from the perspective of bridging between traditional QDs and emerging carbon dots, especially the profound principles behind synthetic chemistry, PL mechanism and optoelectronic applications.

DEVELOPMENT VERSUS DISPLACEMENT DILEMMA IN WEST BENGAL: UNRAVELING A GANDHIAN SOLUTION

The tendency to equate economic growth with industrialization has in the recent past started a violent and bloody movement in the Indian state of West Bengal. The movement that started against forced acquisition of agricultural land for industrialization in Singur gradually spread to other parts of the state of West Bengal including Nandigram. This movement acquired explosive proportions with the intellectuals, civil society and anti-left political parties throwing in their weight behind the displaced peasants who lost their land. Ultimately it became an albatross around the neck of the Left leadership and sunk the political fortunes of the thirty-four year old Left Front government in 2011 state assembly elections. The Singur and Nandigram tragedy are only one among the many agitations that have exploded in various parts of India in recent past. These protest movements have kicked off the development versus displacement debate in India. The killing of protesting peasants in Singur and Nandigram by the trigger happy police not only exposes the political myopia and inhuman indifference of the so-called pro-poor Left Front Government of West Bengal. But it also goes on to show that the political process in India is increasingly getting hijacked by the logic of the market which sees displacement only as an appendix to development. What we need today is to reinvent the principles laid down by Gandhi to usher in a just and equitable economic order. The Gandhian model of economic development is based on the simple yet profound principles of altruism and egalitarianism. This article would focus on the reasons behind the inception of a violent movement in Singur and Nandigram, the fundamental flaws in the development model of the erstwhile Left Front Government of West Bengal, and end by providing a Gandhian solution to the development versus displacement dilemma in the state of West Bengal in India.

Islamic Education with National Insight Viewed from Islamic Perspective

There are three profound principles covered in this research including the Islamic view of national insight, the Islamic view of Islamic education with national insight and the implementation of Islamic education with national insight in the Republic of Indonesia. This research was intended to observe, identify and describe those issues. As the primary data were gathered by analyzing the various related literatures written by the experts of Islamic education as well as constitutional law, this research falls into the category of library research. Descriptive and analytical methods were simultaneously employed in carrying out this research. The former was to provide a general description of the issue to be interpreted, while the latter was to scrutinize the background of the issue. Data were then analyzed using content analysis technique. The finding of the research reveals that the proper model of Islamic education with national insight is the one with multi ethnicity and plurality of religion and culture for the sake of the unified Republic of Indonesia, a prosperous and blessed country.

СПАЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ И ОВЕЩЕСТВЛЕНИЕ СЛОВ В ПОЭТИКЕ НИКОЛАЯ ГУМИЛЕВА

The article is devoted to the foundation and development of the onthopetic ideas and the fiction methods communicated with them in Nikolay Gumilev’s poems. The article shows that the poet identifies a word with a fire, spacializes it in the marine images, in later poems connects it with an image of metal. The images communicated with a word become things and somatic and have the akmeistic nature.The conception of the magic akmeism leads to the onthologic understanding of a word as a being and a word is explicitly identified with the alive and thing beings which allows to take the profound principles of Gumilev’s poetry with the sincrcetic principles of a mythology as a praart.

Where to Go: Breaking the Symmetry in Cell Motility.

Cell migration in the “correct” direction is pivotal for many biological processes. Although most work is devoted to its molecular mechanisms, the cell’s preference for one direction over others, thus overcoming intrinsic random motility, epitomizes a profound principle that underlies all complex systems: the choice of one axis, in structure or motion, from a uniform or symmetric set of options. Explaining directional motility by an external chemo-attractant gradient does not solve but only shifts the problem of causation: whence the gradient? A new study in PLOS Biology shows cell migration in a self-generated gradient, offering an opportunity to take a broader look at the old dualism of extrinsic instruction versus intrinsic symmetry-breaking in cell biology.

Consistency Check of the Functional Solution Model in Special Purpose Machinery

Individual customer demands and increasing technical complexity are placing an even greater importance on the engineering process for special purpose machine manufacturers. To support the engineering process the Manufacturing System Dependency Model (MaSDeM) was developed. The basic idea of the MaSDeM concept is to install a cross-domain solution model at the beginning of the engineering process representing the principle solution. The building blocks for this model are functionally categorized automation components. However, since the resulting system is more than the sum of its components, the links between the elements need to be examined. In this paper a consistency check for the MaSDeM cross-domain solution model is proposed. This involves the identification of the different types of links between the components. The features of the links and the component categorization are used to build up a knowledge base for the consistency check. Thereby the static and procedural structure and the process functionality of the solution model can be verified. Moreover, the links can provide further engineering information. A profound principle solution is hugely important for the engineering process, and thus the consistency check is a vital contributor to increasing the efficiency of the engineering process in special purpose machinery.

The Principles of Causal Conspiracy

The human mind understands logical processes and causality and formulates theories based on logical descriptions of empirical evidence. The Principles of Causal Conspiracy is based on defining information as logical charges similar to electric charges. Such information charges can be modeled in the vacuum of a quantum probability firmament as symmetry of quantum charges with a zero net charge. Observation of a state lifts one of these charges in a M&oumlbius transformation from a multipolar field of possibilities that maximizes a local monopole field that is observable. In the first of several papers, I introduce new and profound principles, the Principles of Causal Conspiracy, to provide a consistent epistemology for quantum theory, relativity theory and all the known sciences.

Symmetry principles and conservation laws in atomic and subatomic physics — 1

The whole theoretical framework of physics rests only on a few but profound principles. Wigner enlightened us by elucidating that “It is now natural for us to try to derive the laws of nature and to test their validity by means of the laws of invariance, rather than to derive the laws of invariance from what we believe to be the laws of nature.” Issues pertaining to symmetry, invariance principles and fundamental laws challenge the most gifted minds today. These topics require a deep and extensive understanding of both ‘quantum mechanics’ and the ‘theory of relativity’. We attempt in this pedagogical article to present a heuristic understanding of these fascinating relationships based only on rather elementary considerations in classical and quantum mechanics. An introduction to some fundamental considerations regarding continuous symmetries, dynamical symmetries (Part 1), and discrete symmetries (Part 2) (parity, charge conjugation and time-reversal), and their applications in atomic, nuclear and particle physics, will be presented.

Cultural Naturalism

Culture can be viewed as the means by which a society can live in its surroundings by acquiring and consuming free energy. This naturalistic notion assumes that everything can be valued in terms of energy, hence also social changes can be described as natural processes that are influenced by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. This universal law, when formulated as an equation of motion, reveals that societies emerge, evolve and eventually extinguish after tapping, exploiting and finally depleting their resources, which we can say are ultimately valued in energetic terms. The analysis reveals that trajectories of societies are, however, inherently non-integrable, i.e., unpredictable in detail because free energy as the driving force, being finite, is inseparable from the flows of energy. Nonetheless, the universal tendency to diminish energy differences within a system and with respect to its surroundings in the least possible time gives rise to highly economical but seemingly immaterial means of energy transduction that associate with cultural codes, habits, traditions, taboos and values. Moreover, cultural naturalism clarifies that identities develop and mature in interactions, and that class structure results from the quest for maximum entropy partition. While social changes in complex societies are inherently intractable, the profound principle allows us to recognize universal tendencies in diverse cultural characteristics, and to rationalize prospects for the future.

What is surgery?

Progress in surgical science has been characterized by a continuous cycle of innovation from bedside to bench to bedside. Beginning 30,000 years ago with the first bone needles to surgical lasers and robotics of today, each quantum leap has resulted from the convergence of technical advances and creative surgeons, but always defined by an attitude of care toward the sick. One of the most innovative pediatric surgeons, Dr. Mark Ravitch, elucidated some simple yet profound principles in the precise answer to the question "What is Surgery?" This section outlines some simple concepts summarized as "Ravitch's Rules," which provide a useful framework for clarity in understanding the past and illuminating the road ahead. Surgeons must be thoughtful in how they define themselves and their craft, ignoring technological advances at their own peril.

The end of the certain world: the life and science of Max Born: the Nobel physicist who ignited the quantum revolution

In 1920, Albert Einstein wrote to Max Born, Theoretical physics will flourish wherever you happen to be; there is no other Born to be found in Germany today. The End of the Certain World presents for the first time Borns full story: Nobel physicist, a discoverer of quantum theory, exile from Hitlers Germany, teacher of nine Nobel physicists. Borns role in the Golden Age of Physics helped to shape the science of the twentieth century and open the door to the modern era. Robert Oppenheimer, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner, among others, flocked to Gttingen, Germany in the 1920s to work with Born, the physicist who had discovered one of the most profound principles of the century - the physics of indeterminacy. In a cruel twist of fate Born, a pacifist who loved science for its beauty, had educated these renowned scientists who developed the atom bomb. Not everyone embraced Borns revolutionary quantum principle. Throughout much of his forty year friendship with Einstein, the two debated the nature of the universe - deterministic versus non-deterministic - with Einstein declaring God does not play dice, even though the Nobel Committee supported Borns position when they awarded him the 1954 Prize. A social history and a history of science as well as an intimate biography, The End of the Certain World reveals the story of a great physicist and humanitarian and his struggle with the forces of religion, politics, and war during the upheavals of the twentieth century.

BSQ strategic formulation framework

The hybrid of the balanced scorecard, SWOT analysis and quality function deployment creates a pragmatic approach for managerial and consultant practitioners to translate vague strategy into action. Sun Tzu's Art of War is further incorporated to develop a more structured strategic formulation framework. Nevertheless, many modern practitioners are, in fact, unfamiliar with this profound principle of strategy that was written some 2,400 years back. Despite the establishment of a theoretical framework, so far there have not been many published papers about the pragmatic implementation and holistic strategy development. Thus, a case study, in the form of a strategy workshop of a professional institute in Hong Kong, has been used to delineate the aforesaid translation of strategy.

A century of relativity

Except for quantum mechanics—a more than modest exception—relativity has been the most profound conceptual advance in 20th century physics. Both in developing special and general relativity, Albert Einstein’s hallmark was to anchor his theory on a few simple but profound principles. The results have provided endless fascination and puzzlement to the general public, and have had an enormous impact on our conceptual framework for understanding nature.