Profitability Of Pharmaceutical Companies Research Articles

COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Attitude, and Acceptance in Students of Tertiary Institutions in Central Nigeria

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. Nigeria, among African nations, has borne the highest burden of COVID-19 reporting 163,498 cases and 2,058 fatalities. Institutions of higher learning possess certain characteristics that can increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission within their campuses. These features include a sizable student population, high population density, and frequent student interactions. As a result, it is imperative to implement protective measures to mitigate the virus’s spread on campus. 
 
 AIM/OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to explore the connection between the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among students in tertiary institutions located in Central Nigeria. 
 
 METHODOLOGY: An anonymous online survey was conducted among Nigerian students, gathering information related to their demographics, as well as assessing their knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to accept vaccines in the post-COVID-19 era. The collected data were subjected to analysis through descriptive and inferential statistics.
 
 RESULTS: Out of the 400 participants included in the survey, 140 (35.0%) reported having already received a COVID-19 vaccine, while 144 (36.0%) expressed an intention to be vaccinated. The analysis indicated that there is a positive yet very weak correlation between attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and the intention to get vaccinated (r = −0.023, N = 365, p < 0.01). Conversely, knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the intent to be vaccinated (r = 0.222, N = 367, p < 0.01). 
 
 CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding vaccines in shaping their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. The results emphasize the critical necessity of providing comprehensive information on COVID-19 vaccines to address concerns related to unforeseen side effects, mitigate general mistrust in vaccine benefits, and alleviate apprehensions about the profitability of pharmaceutical companies.

The Role of Implications of Ind AS towards the Profitability of Pharmaceutical Companies through E-Pharmacy: A Study of Post Implications of Ind AS in India

In the view of the present scenario, the implications of Ind AS in India has opened numerous gates to reach to the market. The online pharma industries have emerged as new platform of e-commerce. Pharma industries has given so many facilities like, online consultation by reputed doctors across India and door to door delivery of medicines. Due to this facility, pharmaceutical industries have made huge profits. The paper reveals the recent upward shifts in the profitability of this industry due to the change in the standards. The data reflects that Pharma has earned double the profit in past few years.
 There are around 20 companies those are providing E- Pharmacy services in India, but a few companies are popular in market. In the same contest, it analyses the performance of these companies in Indian market. The data presented will show a significant change in the preferences of customers for buying medicines online along with . The customer has changed their perception towards the online trading of medicines due to huge margins, convenience for purchasing through online mode and receiving the medicines at doorstep.

Improving Financial Performance and Profits of Pharmaceutical Companies During a Pandemic: Study on Environmental Performance, Intellectual Capital and Social Responsibility

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world in general and Indonesia in particular has paralyzed the economies of all countries in the world, including Indonesia. The current conditions have paralyzed activities and activities, ranging from business, economics, education, and many others. Even in the COVID-19 pandemic, companies must still be able to improve their performance in order to survive. The industrial sectors that are expected to survive and thrive in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic are food, pharmaceuticals, hospitals, and information and communication technology (ICT). The purpose of this study is to identify the role of environmental performance, intellectual capital, and corporate social responsibility in increasing profitability and financial performance of Pharmaceutical Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. The research population is all pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange operating in Indonesia, totaling 9 companies with a measurement time of 3 years so that a sample of 27 is obtained. The data analysis method used is smart PLS analysis. The results showed that environmental performance had a positive and significant effect on profitability. Intellectual capital has no significant effect on profitability. Corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on profitability. Environmental performance has no significant effect on financial performance. Intellectual capital has no significant effect on financial performance. Corporate social responsibility has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. The company's profitability has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. © 2021, SRAC - Romanian Society for Quality. All rights reserved.

Impact of disease information (Ebola and COVID-19) on the pharmaceutical sector in Russia and USA

Objective: identification of the relationship between the news coverage of global diseases and the dynamics of the return on shares of the pharmaceutical sector for Russia and the United States.Material and methods. The empirical base of the study includes more than 700 thousand tweets on Ebola and COVID-19 in Russian and English, news of the RBC news agency. The sentiment of the text was assessed on the basis of five English and four Russian-language dictionaries, the influence of fundamental and textual variables on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies' shares was carried out using the ARMAX-GARCH econometric model.Results. It has been proven that the dynamics of the stock index of pharmaceutical companies is explained by fundamental (economic) and sentimental factors. News of any epidemics negatively affects the pharmaceutical sector in the US and Russia, that is, there are no industries that benefit from this situation. Pandemic news affects US pharmaceutical companies more than Russian companies. The effect of news influence depends on the level of spread of the disease. News influences not only at the moment of their publication, but also after: there is a "delayed effect". Ebola news affects the American pharmaceutical market for 2 weeks, and the dynamics of the increase in influence can be traced. News on the COVID pandemic amplifies its impact during 1 week for the Russian pharmaceutical market and for 2 weeks for the US pharmaceutical companies. As for news sources, the elastic network has identified more significant variables based on publications from RBC; therefore, Internet publications generate more publicity, shaping a more significant overall sentiment in the markets.Conclusion. The models developed in the framework of the study and the economic conclusions obtained have not only theoretical, but also practical significance, and can also be used for further research in this area. It is possible to give recommendations on the practical use of dictionaries to assess the sentiment of the text. In our study, the elastic network method chose the Loughran–McDonald dictionary for evaluating economic texts in English and the EcSentiThemeLex dictionary (designed in R and Python programming environments). Avenues for further investigation may include analysis of other sources of information about the pandemic.

New Japanese Regulatory Frameworks for Post-Marketing Management of Pharmaceutical Products.

Dossiers on approved pharmaceutical products must be kept updated and current during the products' life cycles. The coalition, merger and acquisition along with corporate strategy that pursues efficiency and profitability of pharmaceutical companies have led to the globalization of supply chains for pharmaceutical ingredients and instruments in the post-marketing phase, and progress in manufacturing technologies can improve manufacturing processes during this phase. Regulatory requirements for post-marketing management of pharmaceutical products sometimes differ among countries around the world depending on national/regional policies or situations, even though the basic concepts of each regulation are the same. Therefore, an understanding of up-to-date region specific regulatory management frameworks is important for the optimal provision of pharmaceutical products by pharmaceutical industries. The amendment of the Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act (Act No. 63 of 2019) was promulgated in December 2019, and will be enforced from September 2020 onwards. The amended Act sets out regulatory frameworks for post-marketing management systems, including inspection for good manufacturing practice of drugs, quasi-drugs, and gene-, cell-, and tissue-based products; and post-approval change-management protocols. Here, we review these new Japanese post-marketing management frameworks.

Effects of Cash, Receivables, and Inventory Turns on the Profitability of Pharmaceutical Companies

Competition in the business world makes each company increasingly able to improve its performance in order to achieve the company's goals to get the maximum profit so that the company is able to develop and compete with other companies. In this era of globalization, the emergence of new competitors in various industrial sectors of the company can make competition in business from the last few years very tight. So that requires each company to implement a management system in accordance with procedures in order to develop and run their businesses effectively. Theories that will be explained in this research are about Return on assets and Return On equity, and Net profit margin and also Company Value. This study used a non-experimental research type. Non-experimental research is a part of research in which observations can be carried out on a number of variables contained in the research subject reviewed according to the actual conditions without manipulation of data processed by the researcher. Because in this study the actual data used from the financial statements of pharmaceutical companies contained on the Stock Exchange regarding receivables turnover, as well as cash turnover as well as inventory turnover on profitability (Y). Receivables turnover, cash turnover and inventory turnover on a continuous and positive and significant effect on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies, especially those on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2017. The results obtained after testing the hypothesis using the F-test and obtained a significant value <0.05. Where these results indicate there is a significant influence, so the hypothesis is very acceptable and proven true.

Profitability of Pharmaceutical Companies in the Visegrád Countries

The pharmaceutical sector is one of the most profitable industries in the world, despite the very high proportion of the required research and development costs that determine the activity itself and the high risks involved in investing in them. In addition to a number of industry-specific characteristics, the innovation policies of each country might also have a significant impact on the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies. The primary aim of the research was to demonstrate this effect in the case of the VisegrAid countries. The ROE seemed to best reflect the ownership interests and the combined effect of other profitability ratios and it was confirmed by analysis of variance. The analysis was based on the EMIS corporate database; multivariate statistical methods were applied to demonstrate the reaching of indicator trends, and from among those methods regression analysis was applied in particular. Based on the findings, it was concluded that primarily the more profitable pharmaceutical companies were able to utilize their assets more efficiently, while manufacturers in the latter category financed their operations with external capital to a lower extent

An Empirical Investigation of Linkage between Working Capital Management and Profitability: Panel Data Evidence from Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Industry

The study is an endeavor to investigate the empirical and significant association between working capital and the profitability of pharmaceutical companies operating in Bangladesh. To serve the analysis mostly secondary level data have been employed. The study has been used balanced panel data of 16 selected pharmaceutical companies listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and covering seven years annual data from 2011 to 2017. To diagnosis the ties between working capital management on profitability the study have been used return on assets and gross profit margin (proxy variable of profitability) as dependent variable and days sales outstanding, days payable outstanding, days inventory outstanding, cash conversion cycle, working capital turnover, current ratio, quick ratio, debt ratio and size as independent variable. Fisher Type Unit root test has been employed to check stationary properties of panel data and found that there are no unit roots in taken panels at the 1% statistical significance level. Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg test has been employed to investigate the degree of heteroscedasticity and the significant evidence suggests that the data of the study is out of heteroscedasticity problem. Cameron & Trivedi's decomposition of IM-test also suggests that the variance is homogenous. Variance inflation factor (VIF) has been investigated the degree of multicollinearity and revealed that all variable except quick ratio (QR) and current ratio (CR) has a lower degree of multicollinearity. To analyses balanced panel data, the study has been employed two multiple regression model and used fixed and random effect model for proper estimation. Hausman specification test has been used to detect the alternative panel analysis methods. Results indicate that out of 9 independent variables only day’s cash conversion cycle (CCO), current ratio (CR), quick ratio (QR) and working capital turnover (WCT) shows a significant relationship with return on assets of the taken sample of pharmaceutical companies. Results also indicate that out of 9 independent variable only days sales outstanding (DSO), quick ratio (QR) and debt ratio (DR) shows a significant relationship with gross profit margin of the taken sample.

The impact of research and development and marketing costs on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Tehran Stock Exchange using panel data 2001-2013

Purpose The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of marketing and costs and research and development (R&D) investments on profitability of pharmaceutical companies of Iran. Design/methodology/approach In this study, pharmaceutical companies that have been accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange until March 19, 2013 were investigated. Random-effect panel data estimator was used for this purpose. Findings The findings indicate that variables such as company size, capital-to-total asset ratio and debt-to-asset ratio have an effect on profitability. But, company life, advertising cost and R&D investment are ineffective on profitability. Originality/value Legal issues like not having patent law and pricing mechanism are reasons for the ineffective relationship between R&D and marketing costs and its effect on profitability of the Iran pharmaceutical industry.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Repricing for Market Expansion in the Japanese Drug Pricing System.

In 1994, the "Repricing for Market Expansion" system (the repricing system) was introduced to the pharmaceutical market in Japan to improve the financial performance of the national health insurance system. In 2010, the "Reward Premiums for the Promotion of Innovative Drug Discovery and the Resolution of Off-Label Use Issue, Etc." system (the reward system) was introduced to promote the development of new drugs. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these systems from an empirical perspective. The data set used in this study was created using publicly available information from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) website and a market database maintained by IMS Japan Pharmaceutical Market Sales. Anticancer or immunomodulating drugs were the most frequently affected by the repricing system. The sales of similar drugs did not exceed double the sales forecast, and to begin with, the repricing system was not applied to these drugs, unintentionally reducing the profitability of pharmaceutical companies. In addition, we found that pharmaceutical expenditures have been steadily and significantly increasing, although this aspect is just one of the circumstances surrounding the Japanese pharmaceutical market. On the basis of these results, we propose that the current repricing system be replaced with one using a market mechanism that can evaluate the value of drugs from an economic perspective and help improving the financial performance of the national health insurance system. We also suggest that the number of generic medications on the market in Japan be increased to a ratio equivalent to those of the US and EU. We hope that the perspectives on Japan's unique drug pricing system obtained from this article are utilized by pharmaceutical companies in developing their businesses in Japan.