Profile Of Citizens Research Articles

Land Use, Travel Patterns and Gender in Barcelona: A Sequence Analysis Approach

Transport systems are essential for the path toward sustainable urbanisation and the transition to more sustainable living. Recently, European cities have undergone substantial changes, and suburbanisation is posing new challenges. Suburban areas are often more affordable in terms of housing, but these neighbourhoods tend to be car-oriented. This leads to higher commuter costs, immobility, transport and time poverty, pollution, higher accident rates and a lack of social interactions. To offer sustainable mobility options to citizens, we must comprehensively understand, together with their individual characteristics, their specific mobility practices and the built environment where they live. This study is centred on the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, which has a public transport network that covers its entire area. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between travel behaviour, transport mode use, individual characteristics and built environment characteristics in the place of residence using detailed information sources. Herein, we used data from the 2018 to 2021 annual travel survey conducted in the Barcelona region, together with land use and sociodemographic information. Our findings suggest that transport policies have encouraged sustainable mobility practices, particularly in the centre of Barcelona. Despite the positive results, considerable disparities exist between the inner and outer city, with a notable decline in sustainable mobility practices in the latter, due to the uneven distribution of basic services and uneven provision of public transport, together with lower density areas. Our results demonstrate that this uneven distribution reduces the available sequence profiles of inhabitants. In conclusion, the promotion of sustainable mobility policies necessitates further advances in transport, city and land-use planning that consider equity, gender, the socioeconomic profiles of citizens and mixed urban planning.

Beyond selfishness: the interaction of income and human values in shaping Europeans’ ideology

ABSTRACT The left-right scale of political orientation plays a pivotal role in shaping individual behaviour and government policies, particularly in Western countries. Although rational choice theory suggests that individuals with lower (higher) incomes lean towards left-wing (right-wing) redistributive policies, empirical evidence has challenged this classical view. Building on social and evolutionary psychology, cognitive dissonance theory, and experimental evidence, I argue that resolving this question requires disentangling the role of different human motivations in individuals with different personal and contextual attributes, specifically economic status. Using the European Social Survey and Schwartz’s scale of human values to estimate models of individuals’ political orientation, this paper estimates the joint and interacting ideological effects of household income and human values after controlling for possible income endogeneity. The results confirm that the classical view of ideology is useful but too simplistic. The ideological bias of human values is persistent, though economic circumstances act as a moderating variable in this relationship: Human values play a weaker role in shaping political orientation for citizens of lower economic status. The article illustrates the power of interactions to define complex profiles of citizens and proposes a research agenda.

Spatial-temporal evolution of digital skills in the EU countries

Digital skills, integral to the functioning of the digital economy and information society, show temporal and spatial variations measured by various indicators. In this article, we assess the spatial and temporal evolution of digital skills under the influence of key factors and domains in the EU countries from 2015 to 2021. Applying spatial autocorrelation analysis, robust geographical heterogeneity and consistent spatial patterns in digital skills are outlined, resulting in two ‘high–high’ and ‘high–low’ clusters in the North and Center, and a ‘low–low’ cluster in the South. Using feature importance selection, key indicators within aggregate domains driving digital skills policy are identified. Spatial lag regression analysis highlights the significance of all domains, revealing spatial and spillover effects on digital skills, with the primary influence observed in the social sphere, technology and innovations, and demography domains. Although the ICT infrastructure domain is statistically more significant in our spatial model along with the economy and technology and innovations, its spillover effects appear relatively modest, indicating a corresponding degree of within-country localization. This study contributes to the understanding of the evolution of digital skills by revealing both spatial relationships and temporal dynamics and strengthening spatial digital policy measures in the EU. The spatial coherence of digital policies, the spatial network of technological and innovation centers in both ‘high–low’ clusters and cross-border locations, and improving the social, demographic, and economic profiles of citizens are critical among other measures to improve digital skills in EU countries.

Citizen profiles based on social capital in the Spanish fiscal context: Profile development and multivariate consistency analysis

Previous studies have established that social capital plays a significant role in individual tax-related behaviors, including inclinations toward tax evasion and compliance. This study seeks to extend the understanding of tax morale in Spain using data from the Public Opinion and Fiscal Policy Survey (CIS, Study 3332). We use factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction and Varimax rotation to identify key social capital variables and tax attitudes. We identify profiles based on their social capital and tax compliance using cluster analysis. We will apply hierarchical clustering with Ward's chaining and k-means clustering. The robustness of the resulting profiles will be confirmed by discriminant analysis and a multilayer perceptron neural network, which will look for higher rates of correct classification as an indicator of improved profile consistency. Our findings suggest that identifying Spanish tax citizens' profiles helps analyze social capital in tax policy. After our analysis, we have determined that enhancing the accumulation of social capital variables leads to better tax adherence.

Human Information Rights in Digital Space: To the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

An important milestone in the development of the institute of human rights is the adoption in 1948 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which for the first time in history comprehensively enshrined the basic human rights and freedoms, taking into account the natural, political and social needs and interests of the person (individual). The adoption of this very document declared the man, his fundamental rights and freedoms to be the main value. The international community sought to cover all possible spheres of public relations (public and private) that are necessary for a person to function normally, consolidating basic rights and freedoms. It is impossible to deny the importance of this international legal act for the «human family» and each individual. At the same time, we may state that this document was adopted three quarters of a century ago and it does not fully reflect reality, does not take into account the dynamics of the development of public relations, in particular, does not define human rights in the emerging information society, in particular the digital space. After all, even the approach to individualization and identification of the person himself is changing, digital profiles of citizens appear, digital passports and other identification documents are issued, moreover, «cybermen» appear — individuals with subcutaneously implanted microchips (capsules) with NFC technologies (Near Field Communication), containing information, in particular, about personal and banking data.

Flood Risk and Preventive Choices: A Framework for Studying Human Behaviors.

The topic of flood phenomena has always been of considerable importance due to the high risks it entails, both in terms of potential economic and social damage and the jeopardizing of human lives themselves. The spread of climate change is making this topic even more relevant. This work aims to contribute to evaluating the role that human factors can play in responding to critical hydrogeological phenomena. In particular, we introduce an agent-based platform for analyzing social behaviors in these critical situations. In our experiments, we simulate a population that is faced with the risk of a potentially catastrophic event. In this scenario, citizens (modeled through cognitive agents) must assess the risk they face by relying on their sources of information and mutual trust, enabling them to respond effectively. Specifically, our contributions include (1) an analysis of some behavioral profiles of citizens and authorities; (2) the identification of the "dissonance between evaluation and action" effect, wherein an individual may behave differently from what their information sources suggest, despite having full trust in them in situations of particular risk; (3) the possibility of using the social structure as a "social risk absorber", enabling support for a higher level of risk. While the results obtained at this level of abstraction are not exhaustive, they identify phenomena that can occur in real-world scenarios and can be useful in defining general guidelines.

Social Credit System: A Discussion about the Utility of Chinese Digital Project in a European Union Settings

The Social Credit System (SCS, 社会信用体系, shèhuì xìnyòng tĭxì), is an extremely interesting, ultimately nationwide pilot project, consisting of establishing the system of social rating, which, based on data collected over decades and stored both analog and with the use of state-of-the-art technologies will create profiles of citizens and businesses in the People’s Republic of China. The system focuses on four main spheres – national enterprises and economy, society, the judiciary, and public administration. It is in them that a higher level of social trust and security will be ensured, law regulations better observed, corruption eliminated, and proper transparency guaranteed. In analyzing the issue of the Western world’s attitude to the mechanism of digital surveillance and control of business and social activity in China, I should seek answers to the following questions, intriguing from the cognitive and practical perspective: Which of the above interpretations seems to be closer to the truth?; can the SCS have, at least partially, a universal character in the European Union, especially in the societies with a different system of values and the countries with a different political system than the one of the PRC?

The Citizen Habitus in the Costa Rican Civic Education Program from the Ethics, Esthetics, and Citizenship Project

This article deals with the thorough reflection regarding the desirable citizen profile stated by the Ministry of Public Education in the Costa Rican Civic Education Syllabus through the concept of citizen habitus constituted within the structuralism-constructivism. In order to achieve this, the researcher first analyzed the work of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu to build a theoretical-conceptual proposal of the citizen habitus concept. Secondly, the author conducted a qualitative content analysis of the Civic Education Syllabus to establish basic lines to set a general outlines of the citizen habitus established as expected by the Ministry of Public Education. Finally, the researcher stated a series of considerations that aim to contribute to expand the perspective of analysis, reflection, and debate in terms of the Civic Education in the educational phenomenon.

Identifying green citizen typologies by mining household-level survey data

Some impactful but unfavorable results of rapid urbanization are human-nature disconnection, waste of energy/water resources, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To save the future of our planet, a transition to a more sustainable urban life is a must. However, there is no single sustainable city model because cities differ in terms of their assets. Hence, locally customized sustainable actions linked to global sustainability should be developed, such as a change in individual behaviors leads to a sustainable society, city, and country. This research investigated green citizen profiles and variables affecting the profiles in the context of environmental behavior and sustainability. For this purpose, survey research was done at the household level in a metropolis in Turkey. Measurement scales about environmental concern, human-nature connections, and sustainable consumption behavior were used for collecting data. A data analysis approach was proposed as the survey dataset contains mixed-type variables. It amalgamates statistics with machine learning algorithms, namely two-stage clustering with multilayered self-organizing maps, k-medoid clustering algorithm, factor analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis and classification and regression trees algorithm. The results reveal that (i) five distinct profiles, namely unconscious greens, risky greens, economic greens, potential greens, and wasters are identified, none of which is entirely green; (ii) district, family life-cycle, household size, number of rooms, altruistic and biocentric environmental concerns are the most critical variables in distinguishing profiles; (iii) the proposed approach enables processing socio-demographic, psychographic, behavioral and consumption variables together.

Training citizens as users of languages and digital technology. Real-world tasks to tame the digital wilds

Abstract Developing digital literacy and, more recently, digital citizenship is one of the objectives promoted by the major international organisations involved in the education sector. However, in order to integrate digital citizenship into education a thorough understanding of the intended outcomes is required. This is why a meta-analysis of recent texts was carried out. The paper presents the result of this literature review consisting in a structured compilation of all the defining elements that constitute our profile of citizens as users of languages and digital technology. We suggest a way in which to integrate digital citizenship education into language education and describe the socio-interactional pedagogical approach adopted in the context of two projects, elang citizen and Lingu@num. This approach is based on the execution of authentic tasks, referred to as real-world tasks. We also present the results of a questionnaire carried out by teachers who explored these tasks and reported that by engaging in them, language learners can experience authentic communication and action as citizens in the “digital wilds” beyond the classroom walls and develop both their language skills and their digital citizenship.

COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the mental health among the Tunisian general population: Associated factors mining via machine learning

The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has caused a brutal change in the lifestyle of citizens all around the world and greatly affected the mental health of individuals. In Tunisia, many psychological problems have been triggered during the first peak of the pandemic like anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and suicide risk. To overcome such disorders, it is crucial to identify the main factors leading to the mental disorders and then develop preventive strategies if a novel form of pandemic or a traumatic event appears. This paper proposes a novel association rules-based approach to characterize the profiles of citizens highly vulnerable to psychological disorders when confronted to traumatic events. The aim of this work is to use machine learning techniques in order to identify the major factors as well as the clusters of features leading to several psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. Many stressors were found to be associated with some psychiatric disorders. The stronger associations were found between doctor consultation and anxiety, COVID test and depression, quarantine and insomnia, and direct contact with a suspected case and peritraumatic distress and dissociation. In addition, it has been found that some factors, like female gender and regular worker, are not leading to mental disorders when they are treated alone, however, they present a high influence on the mental health when they are associated with other factors. For instance, this work discovered that women who have psychiatric history and who always drink coffee are exposed to depression during the pandemic. Other profile of citizens who are highly vulnerable to peritraumatic dissociation concerns students who are confined and who have recent symptoms. The characterization of such vulnerable profiles can provide considerable decision support for medical staff.

Populism in the eye of the beholder? A conjoint experiment on citizens’ identification of populists

AbstractDespite decades of research on the nature and characteristics of populism, and on how political actors interpret populist attitudes, the study of how the public identify populist politicians remains a largely unexplored topic. Is populism in the eye of the beholder? What causes voters to perceive a political actor as populist? Is there any systematic heterogeneity in the evaluation of candidates among citizens according to their individual characteristics? We fill this gap by analysing what characteristics of politicians, and the political statements they make, drive citizens to classify them as populist. Furthermore, we investigate how the cognitive, ideological and attitudinal profiles of citizens shape their perceptions. To this end, we report results of a conjoint experiment embedded in a survey administered to a nationally representative sample of Italian citizens. Respondents were asked to evaluate different political statements by politicians, of whom we manipulated a variety of relevant attributes (e.g., their ideological profile, gender, previous occupation). Results indicate two clear trends: (i) More than the profile of politicians, what matters for their identification as populist is their rhetoric. (ii) The cognitive (with the partial exception of education) and ideological profiles of respondents are largely inconsequential. At the same time, populist voters are substantively less likely to identify populism as such.

The Investigation of the Pre-service Social Studies Teachers Perceptions of Self-Efficacy on the Digital Literacy Skills

The rapid changes in information and communication technologies have an impact on all areas of human life. Especially in this process of digital transformation, it is important for people to have the skills of accessing, analyzing and evaluating information. Digital literacy, which we can mention as a essential skill to be able to adapt to digital life, is now required in human life. Undoubtedly, individuals can gain digital literacy skills through education. At this point, the social studies course, which directly contributes to the socialization of individuals and is an effective course in creating the citizen profile of the society, is also affective in offering the digital literacy skills. This study aimed to investigate the digital literacy self-efficacy skills of the pre-service social studies teachers.

Do you know to whom you pay your taxes? The case of decentralised Spain

AbstractSurveys show that most citizens are unable to correctly identify the taxes received or the services provided by the different levels of government. This shortcoming represents an obstacle to democratic accountability and for the efficiency gains that the theory of fiscal federalism attributes to fiscal decentralisation be effective. Exploiting the 2015 wave of the Spanish Institute for Fiscal Studies' Fiscal Barometer, this paper empirically determines the profile of citizens who are best able to identify the allocation of taxes among the central, regional and local levels of government. The estimates suggest that these citizens are those who are able to identify the government that provides the services financed by those taxes, who correctly identify other taxes received by the same government, who reside in a foral region, and who enjoy a high level of education.

Triggering sustainable plastics consumption behavior: Identifying consumer profiles across Europe and designing strategies to engage them

The overproduction and consumption of plastics has led to a global challenge of plastic pollution and waste. Citizens in particular have an important role to play as they interact with plastics constantly in their daily lives as consumers, but different plastics consumer profiles are hardly understood, resulting in a lack of tailored and effective engagement strategies. This study identifies and analyzes sustainable plastics consumer profiles based on behavioral and psychological characteristics obtained through a large-scale survey deployed among 7600 respondents in eight European countries. The responses were subjected to regression modelling and a two-step cluster analysis. This study found personal responsibility and self-proclaimed knowledge to be critical variables affecting all stages of sustainable plastics consumption behavior (i.e. purchasing, using and disposing), as well as a factor differentiating consumer profiles. Concern and perceived consequences, on the other hand, are not found to be strong predictors of sustainable plastics consumption behavior. Four distinct social groups are identified and labeled as “Waste Warriors”, “Waste Conscious”, “Waste Moderate” and “Waste Laggards”. The results of the cluster analysis confirm that the citizen profiles are heterogeneous with large differences in behavior, attitudes, and perceptions related to plastics, indicating a need for differentiated engagement strategies. The results of this study enrich the literature on plastics sustainable consumption behavior and confirm the predicting power of various socio-demographic and psychological factors. In addition, the knowledge of the relative size, characteristics and unique needs of specific social groups related to plastics behavior are important for various stakeholders and key to develop suitable and effective marketing and policy plans to combat plastic pollution at a European scale.

Preparação financeira para aposentadoria: análise multidimensional da percepção dos brasileiros

ABSTRACT This article aims to assess the perception of financial preparation for retirement in the non-retired Brazilian population. Also, it seeks to identify how socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral variables influence financial preparation for retirement. This study advances by using a multidimensional measure of financial preparation for retirement in a comprehensive sample of Brazilians, bringing significant contributions to the implementation of new public policies for the most vulnerable groups. Identifying the level of financial preparation for retirement and the most vulnerable groups is key for a better understanding of the impact of social security and retirement on the lives of Brazilian citizens. In the Brazilian context, the Financial Preparation for Retirement Scale (FPRS) makes it possible to assess the public policies designed and it serves as a parameter for them to be reformulated, with a view to improving financial preparation for retirement in the most vulnerable groups. This is a survey, with 2,920 respondents from all Brazilian regions. The analysis techniques consisted in descriptive statistics, association test, and multiple regression analysis. Most Brazilians show low or very low financial preparation for retirement. It has been identified that 3 out of 4 Brazilians stop to think about how much they would need to save for their retirement. Despite being able to carry out some financial planning for retirement, most Brazilians cannot have good future expectations and savings behavior. Women, young people, divorced/separated persons, black persons, individuals with up to complete elementary education, borrowed housing, unemployed, with a gross monthly family income of up to R$ 1,100.00 and having 4 or more dependent persons constitute the profile of citizens less capable of dealing with financial preparation for retirement.

Historical Transformation of the Ideal Citizen Profile in Turkey (1789-1938)

Historical Transformation of the Ideal Citizen Profile in Turkey (1789-1938)

Demandas de saúde dos jovens brasileiros: perfil e manifestações da população de 15 a 29 anos à Ouvidoria-Geral do SUS (2014-2018)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the profile and the main demands presented by young people (15 to 29 years old) to the Unified Health System (SUS) General Ombudsman of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. The databases ‘manifestations’ and ‘citizen profile’ of the System were extracted from the OuvidorSUS computerized system, referring to the years 2014 to 2018. The data were analyzed according to the service channels, classification, and typification. The profile was disaggregated by age, race/color, gender, sexual orientation, education, occupation, and income. 114,618 manifestations were registered with the citizen’s profile, with 15.17% being by people from 15 to 29 years old. Blacks (including pardos), women, heterosexuals, with completed or ongoing higher education, income of up to 2 minimum wages, and employed in the private sector prevailed. Most of the manifestations were ‘requests’, followed by ‘complaints’ and ‘denunciations’. Most requests were for consultations and surgeries, in the areas of gynecology and obstetrics, and orthopedics and traumatology. Complaints and denunciations were largely related to management, especially to health professionals and establishments. The suggestions were the least frequent. The demands largely reflect the services used by young people and should be considered by managers to guide health policies appropriate to this population.

Implementation Of Citizen Data Updating Managent In Order To Educate The Community

Community service is one of the necessities for Higher Education. The next implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education is to carry out Teaching and Research. Implementation of community service by Pertiwi College of Economics Bekasi. Providing understanding and implementation of management and governance of population data for community members in RT 22/08 CKM Bangle Village, Majalaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java. The purpose of implementing population data updating management for community members is to strengthen the duties and functions for community servants entrusted to management, so that valid data is available as a servant of the surrounding community. The art of population data updating is a concept developed using applications to facilitate the collection of population in Bangle Village. The stages of implementing this activity first conduct a survey and needs analysis in order to map the needs and problems that occur in environment, then explore the existing potential and design activities for the need to implement population data management applications. The results of this community service activity are the creation of population data application management with the output of valid and complete citizen profiles and accurate numbering for residents of RT 22/08 Bangle Village.

Araştırma Üniversitesi Çatısı Altında İlahiyat Fakültesinin Varlığının İmkânı

One of the most essential elements that keep states alive is the education of individuals and the creation of the desired citizen profile by their structure and culture. Another factor is to strengthen the state by providing economic and technological development. The most advanced institutions in education are research universities, which have the mission of research and production, and receive the highest support from the state in terms of funding. While research universities produce scientific studies that generate income, they are institutions that serve their students by transferring their existing knowledge to their education. This study aims to determine whether it is possible to include theology faculties under the roof of a research university. In the study, by doing a literature review, firstly, the nature of the research university was examined, then research universities serving in Turkey were mentioned in a general framework. In the last part, the mission and vision of theology faculties and the function they have/will have under the roof of research universities have been evaluated. As a result, it has been concluded that theology faculties are an area where the research findings of social sciences should be taken into consideration, due to their aspects such as examining the effect of religion on individuals and societies and being suitable for research and production. In addition, although the theology faculties do not directly contribute to economic production, it can be said that they indirectly affect the acquisition of the morality of protecting the existing and of the produced.