Resilience Profile Research Articles

Supplemental Material for Exposure to Child Sexual Abuse Materials Among Law Enforcement Investigative Personnel: Exploring Trauma and Resilience Profiles

Supplemental Material for Exposure to Child Sexual Abuse Materials Among Law Enforcement Investigative Personnel: Exploring Trauma and Resilience Profiles

Sociodemographic, economic, and academic factors linked with resilience in university students during covid-19 pandemic: a Brazilian cross-sectional study

BackgroundResilience is a crucial factor in students’ mental health, playing an important role in their successful adaptation to the academic environment. However, there is a lack of understanding about resilience and its associated factors in students from different undergraduate courses. This study aimed to describe the resilience profile of undergraduate students from various courses in Brazil and identify sociodemographic, economic, and academic factors associated with resilience.MethodsThis study has data from a cross-sectional multicenter study involving undergraduate students from eight Federal Institutions of Higher Education in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variable was resilience, measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) 10-item version, with sociodemographic, economic, and academic factors considered independent variables. Data was collected virtually via a self-administered questionnaire between October 2021 and February 2022 (during the covid-19 pandemic). Independent samples t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted to compare resilience scores between independent variables, and Tukey’s post-hoc test was performed when necessary. Multiple linear regression was performed to create three models.Results8,650 undergraduate students were included in this study. The average score on the resilience scale was 19.86 ± 8.15, with a normal distribution. The respondents ranged from 18 to 71 years old, averaging 23.9 ± 6.33. Being female, not having a religious belief, having low per capita family income, having had a decrease in the family income, not being heterosexual, or having the head of the family with a low education level were the main factors associated, individually, with low resilience scores in the sociodemographic and economic multiple linear regression model constructed. Being from linguistics, letters and arts courses, being enrolled in fewer subjects, or being from UFMG were the main factors associated, individually, with low resilience scores in the academic multiple linear regression model constructed.ConclusionsThe study’s findings revealed that sociodemographic, economic, and academic variables were significantly associated with resilience scores in undergraduates from Minas Gerais during the covid-19 pandemic. These findings can help universities develop target strategies to promote students’ resilience and reduce the risk of poor mental health among this population.

Risk and resilience profiles and their transition pathways in the ABCD Study.

The transition from childhood to adolescence presents elevated risks for the onset of psychopathology in youth. Given the multilayered nature of development, the present study leverages the longitudinal, population-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to derive ecologically informed risk/resilience profiles based on multilevel influences (e.g., neighborhood and family socioeconomic resources, parenting, school characteristics) and their transition pathways and examine their associations with psychopathology. Latent profile analysis characterized risk/resilience profiles at each time point (i.e., baseline, Year-1, Year-2); latent transition analysis estimated the most likely transition pathway for each individual. Analysis of covariance was used to examine associations between profile membership at baseline (i.e., ages 9-11) and psychopathology, both concurrently and at Year-2 follow-up. Further, we examined the associations between profile transition pathways and Year-2 psychopathology. Four distinct profiles emerged across time - High-SES High-Protective, High-SES Low-Protective, Low-SES High-Family-Risk, and Low-SES High-Protective. Despite reasonably high stability, significant transition over time among profiles was detected. Profile membership at baseline significantly correlated with concurrent psychopathology and predicted psychopathology 2 years later. Additionally, profile transition pathways significantly predicted Year-2 psychopathology, exemplifying equifinality and multifinality. Characterizing and tracing shifts in ecologically informed risk/resilience influences, our findings have the potential to inform more precise intervention efforts in youth.

Psychological profiles in patients receiving maintenance dialysis: Classification, correlates, and behavioral health outcomes.

This study identified psychological profiles based on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, positive affect, and posttraumatic growth in 298 patients receiving maintenance dialysis, and examined their relationships with self-management at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Five psychological response profiles were identified: well-being (42.95%), resilient (26.17%), moderate-distress-with-growth (17.79%), distressed (11.07%), and high-distress-with-growth (2.01%). Patients were more likely to be in the distressed profile if they were younger, had less social support, received peritoneal dialysis, and suffered from a greater symptom burden of kidney disease. The well-being profile showed better self-management behavior at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The distressed profile was associated with worse self-management at baseline and the resilient profile was associated with worse self-management at follow-up. The findings highlighted the beneficial role of positive psychological constructs in promoting self-management behavior, which implied that beyond eliminating psychological distress, it is important to facilitate positive psychological well-being.

Distinct profiles of plant immune resilience revealed by natural variation in warm temperature-modulated disease resistance among Arabidopsis accessions.

Elevated temperature suppresses the plant defence hormone salicylic acid (SA) by downregulating the expression of master immune regulatory genes CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1 (SARD1). However, previous studies in Arabidopsis thaliana plants have primarily focused on the accession Columbia-0 (Col-0), while the genetic determinants of intraspecific variation in Arabidopsis immunity under elevated temperature remain unknown. Here we show that BASIC HELIX LOOP HELIX 059 (bHLH059), a thermosensitive SA regulator at nonstress temperatures, does not regulate immune suppression under warmer temperatures. In agreement, temperature-resilient and -sensitive Arabidopsis accessions based on disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 did not correlate with bHLH059 polymorphisms. Instead, we found that temperature-resilient accessions exhibit varying CBP60g and SARD1 expression profiles, potentially revealing CBP60g/SARD1-dependent and independent mechanisms of immune resilience to warming temperature. We identified thermoresilient accessions that exhibited either temperature-sensitive or -insensitive induction of the SA biosynthetic gene ICS1 (direct target gene of CBP60g and SARD1) and SA hormone levels. Collectively, this study has unveiled the intraspecific diversity of Arabidopsis immune responses under warm temperatures, which could aid in predicting plant responses to climate change and provide foundational knowledge for climate-resilient crop engineering.

Profil Resiliensi Akademik Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau selama pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to describe the profile of academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students during the COVID-19 pandemic. To answer these objectives, this study used a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach and (online) survey method. The sample for this research is all active students who took online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic as many as 76 students. Data was obtained by distributing a modified Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) questionnaire randomly (online) to all active batches taking online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form). Data analysis by calculating the average (mean) academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students in terms of three dimensions of academic resilience, namely the dimensions of persistence, reflection and seeking adaptive assistance, as well as negative impacts and emotional responses. Based on the findings of the researchers, it can be concluded that the academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students during the COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high in terms of the dimensions of persistence, reflection and seeking adaptive help, as well as adverse impacts and emotional responses. Further research should look at the academic resilience profile after the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it with the academic resilience profile of biology education students at other universities.

Profiling the perceived resilience of young farmers in Japanese agriculture

The importance of younger farmers is increasing as Japan's agricultural sector faces a declining labor force. This study assessed young farmers' perceptions and resilience in response to agricultural changes and risks, using four criteria: robustness, adaptability, transformability, and cooperativeness. Farmers were categorized into two resilience profiles: high and low. High-resilience farmers displayed strong agricultural training, mathematical skills, and a positive approach to future challenges, managing farm functions efficiently. Conversely, the low-resilience group had limited training, lower mathematical abilities, and struggled with challenges, expressing concerns about economic issues and uncertainty. Recommendations for strengthening resilience include enhancing agricultural education, promoting rural life, and fostering innovative farming. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to build a resilient, sustainable agricultural sector in Japan.

First‐year students' psychological resilience and college adjustment: A person‐oriented approach

AbstractPrevious research has concentrated on psychological resilience as a holistic structure and has found that resilience positively affects college adjustment. However, it is suggested by existing literature that college students' resilience is a multidimensional construct. Furthermore, there is limited understanding regarding the categorizations of resilience among first‐year college students and its influence on their college adjustment. This study aimed to identify the profiles of first‐year college students' resilience, including individual powers and supportive powers, and explore the effects of varying resilience profiles on first‐year students' college adjustment. A valid sample of 771 first‐year college students from 28 Chinese colleges participated in this survey. The online surveys were conducted through Wenjuanxing platform. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis to identify first‐year college students' different resilience profile and examine the relationships with college adjustment. Four groups featuring unique resilient characteristics were discovered: well‐resilient students, students with low individual power but high supportive power, students with high individual power but low supportive power, and mal‐resilient students with low individual power and low supportive power. Well‐resilient first‐year students reported the best condition of college adjustment compared to the other groups, which supports the conservation of resources (COR) theory. These results provide insight into first‐year college students' particular and heterogeneous circumstances at the beginning of the college experience. They also refined the COR theory by identifying individual‐specific relationships between psychological resilience and college adjustment.

Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated with Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.

In the past decade, significant advances have been made in finding genomic risk loci for schizophrenia (SCZ). This, in turn, has enabled the search for SCZ resilience loci that mitigate the impact of SCZ risk genes. Recently, we discovered the first genomic resilience profile for SCZ, completely independent from the established risk loci for SCZ. We posited that these resilience loci protect against SCZ for those having a heighted genomic risk for SCZ. Nevertheless, our understanding of genetic resilience remains limited. It remains unclear whether resilience loci foster protection against adverse states associated with SCZ risk related to clinical, cognitive, and brain-structural phenotypes. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed data from 487,409 participants from the UK Biobank, and found that resilience loci for SCZ afforded protection against lifetime psychiatric (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and depression) and non-psychiatric medical disorders (such as asthma, cardiovascular disease, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, and external causes of morbidity and mortality). Resilience loci also protected against self-harm behaviors, improved fluid intelligence, and larger whole-brain and brain-regional sizes. Overall, this study sheds light on the range of phenotypes that are significantly associated with resilience loci within the general population, revealing distinct patterns separate from those associated with SCZ risk loci. Our findings indicate that resilience loci may offer protection against serious psychiatric and medical outcomes, co-morbidities, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is conceivable that resilience loci facilitate adaptive processes linked to improved health and life expectancy.

Which emotion regulation strategy is efficient for whom? Reappraisal and suppression efficiency for adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles.

This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies. We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five-Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions. We identified two clusters for adaptive personality ("Adaptive Resilient" and "Anti-resilient") and two for maladaptive personality ("Maladaptive Resilient" and "Under-controlled"). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under-controlled profile. This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.

Transdiagnostic factors in the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the role of childhood abuse and neglect in establishing latent profiles of risk and resilience

BackgroundAmple studies have focused on the negative consequences of COVID-19 on mental well-being, but fewer have explored the specific role of childhood abuse and neglect in the context of risk and resilience during this unprecedented crisis. ObjectiveWe aimed to identify distinct profiles of individuals based on their experiences of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and psycho-social transdiagnostic risk and protective factors, using a person-centered approach. Participants and settingA convenience sample of 914 Israelis completed self-report questionnaires during the second wave of COVID-19. MethodsLatent Profile Analysis was employed based on levels of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and established factors underpinning risk and resilience in mental health: dissociation, self-criticism, self-efficacy, self-compassion, attachment insecurity, psychological resilience, mentalizing, distress disclosure, psychopathology, and relationship satisfaction. Profiles were compared in COVID-19-related distress and well-being using ANOVAs. ResultsA four-profile solution was found to be optimal for describing individuals with different profiles of risk and resilience: “risk” (5.1 %)–individuals with meaningfully high levels of childhood abuse and neglect and dissociation; “vulnerable” (14.2 %)–individuals high in risk factors and low in protective factors; “moderately resilient” (47.6 %)–those with moderate levels of protective and risk factors; “highly resilient” (33.1 %)–individuals high in protective factors and low in risk factors; groups differed in mental well-being and COVID-19-related distress. ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of childhood abuse and neglect in differentiating between the two distinct profiles of at-risk individuals. Implications for risk assessment and treatment in the context of potential traumatic stress are discussed.

Defining weather scenarios for simulation-based assessment of thermal resilience of buildings under current and future climates: A case study in Brazil

In response to increasingly severe weather conditions, optimization of building performance and investment provides an opportunity to consider co-benefits of thermal resilience during energy efficiency retrofits. This work aims to assess thermal resilience of buildings using building performance simulation to evaluate the indoor overheating risk under nine weather scenarios, considering historical (2010s), mid-term future (2050s), and long-term future (2090s) typical meteorological years, and heat wave years. Such an analysis is based on resilience profiles that combine six integrated indicators. A case study with a district of 92 buildings in Brazil was conducted, and a combination of strategies to improve thermal resilience was identified. Results reflect the necessity of planning for resilience in the context of climate change. This is because strategies recommended under current conditions might not be ideal in the future. Therefore, an adaptable design should be prioritized. Cooling energy consumption could increase by 48 % by the 2050s, while excessive overheating issues could reach 37 % of the buildings. Simple passive strategies can significantly reduce the heat stress. A comprehensive thermal resilience analysis should ultimately be accompanied by a thorough reflection on the stakeholders’ objectives, available resources, and planning horizon, as well as the risks assumed for not being resilient.

Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Treatment in Dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus.

Dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two common conditions that are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we aimed to provide an in-depth and contemporary review of non-invasive approaches to assess subclinical atherosclerotic burden, predict cardiovascular risk, and guide appropriate treatment strategies. We focused this paper on two main imaging modalities: coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and computed tomography coronary angiography. Recent longitudinal studies have provided stronger evidence on the relationship between increased CAC, thoracic aorta calcification, and risk of cardiovascular events among those with primary hypercholesterolemia, highlighting the beneficial role of statin therapy. Interestingly, resilient profiles of individuals not exhibiting atherosclerosis despite dyslipidemia have been described. Non-conventional markers of dyslipidemia have also been associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis presence and burden, highlighting the contribution of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB)-rich lipoprotein particles, such as remnant cholesterol and lipoprotein(a), to the residual risk of individuals on-target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. Regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, variability in atherosclerotic burden has also been found, and CAC testing has shown significant predictive value in stratifying cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis can help reveal the continuum of ASCVD risk in those with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus and can inform personalized strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention in the primary prevention setting.

Vulnerability and resilience in the face of climate changes in Senegal's drylands: measurement at the household level and determinant assessment

The resilience capacity of smallholder households is one of the main drivers of their ability to continue to farm and make investments in the fragile dryland regions. This paper aims to assess the resilience profile of smallholder farmers in the face of climate change and the factors influencing it in three dryland sub-regions of Senegal, namely, Louga, Kaffrine, and Thies. We developed a composite index of climate resilience (CICR) using data on farmers' perceptions of climate variability and their perceived ability to withstand, adapt, and bounce back in the event of climatic shocks. Drought, strong winds, and soil fertility decline because of climate change emerged as the main climate hazards impacting smallholder farming systems. The CICR value ranged from −2 for the most vulnerable households to +2 for the most resilient households. On average, all the households were found to be vulnerable, with an average CICR value of −0.2. The LOUGA region was the most vulnerable, with an average CICR value of −0.36, followed by THIES (-0.2). The KAFFRINE region was relatively less vulnerable, with a CICR value of −0.1. Ordered logit model estimates show that the chances of improving CICR decrease with the increase of the household head's age until 59 years. Access to training on climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and climate information appeared to have the potential to increase by 171% the chance of the household improving its resilience status. Analysis also shows that one more woman working off-farm or in-home gardening has the potential to multiply by four times the chances of households being more resilient. This highlights the importance of empowering women to enhance household resilience to climate change. The off-farm revenue increased the chance to improve the resilience status of the farm household by 62% and the receipt of transfer revenue by 50%. This study provides a robust method for quantifying resilience or wellbeing and its drivers and enriches our understanding of the resilience ability of farmers to climate change in a West African context. It can be useful in designing effective adaptation interventions and improving the overall wellbeing of smallholder farmers.

Latent profiles of academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students and their association with resilience and self-efficacy

AimThis study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of academic resilience among nursing students using latent profile analysis and its associated influencing factors. BackgroundNursing students experience higher levels of stress compared to their peers in other professions, and the cultivation of academic resilience plays a pivotal role in their ability to effectively cope with this stress. Academic resilience not only facilitates success in the face of academic adversity but also contributes to the promotion of mental well-being among nursing students. However, the current research on the academic resilience of nursing students has predominantly focused on a scale-centered total score approach, disregarding individual variability, and hindering the development to inform personalized interventions for enhancing academic resilience. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to collect a total of 644 nursing students from two medical schools in Guangzhou City. The participants were recruited through an online survey conducted from January to March 2023. The questionnaires consisted of a general information form, the Chinese version of the Academic Resilience Scale-30 (C-ARS-30), the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct categories of academic resilience among nursing students, and influencing factors were examined through ordinal logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe academic resilience levels of nursing students can be divided into three potential categories: 'low academic resilience' (13.0%), 'moderate academic resilience' (70.0%), and 'high academic resilience' (17.0%). Level of grade, GPA, self-reported physical health level, resilience and self-efficacy were significantly influenced the different categories of academic resilience of nursing students (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe majority of undergraduate nursing students were placed in the moderate academic resilience group, however, educational institutions should pay special attention to nursing students demonstrating low levels. Regular assessments of academic resilience are recommended, and personalized interventions should be tailored to address specific academic resilience characteristics across different grades of nursing students. Strategies aimed at enhancing academic resilience among nursing students may include improvements in GPA performance, attention to physical health, and the reinforcement of resilience and self-efficacy.

Abstract P373: Psychosocial Risk and Resilience Profile in Rural Alabama: A Preliminary Analysis of Risk Underlying Rural Areas Longitudinal (RURAL) Study

Background: Given the disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease risk and outcomes, there is an urgent need to understand the psychosocial drivers of these inequities. We characterized the psychosocial risk and resilience profiles of a cohort of rural-dwelling adults in the southeast U.S. Methods: This preliminary analysis includes 765 participants with complete covariate data (mean age 47.9 (SD=10.9), 70.7% self-reporting as women, 77.9% Black individuals, 41.4% with annual household income below $15,000; 43.7% possessing a high school diploma/GED or lower) residing in two rural counties in Alabama, part of the larger RURAL study. We evaluated participants across six crucial psychosocial domains: financial strain (continuous), financial adjustments (categorized as 0, 1-3, 4+), housing stability (tertiles), childhood adversity (including general, physical, and emotional trauma experienced before 18 years, categorized into tertiles), depression (measured using CES-D 16; yes/no), and resilience (measured using CD-RISC, categorized into tertiles). We examined the distribution of study outcomes and conducted race and sex-based comparisons. Results: Resilience was high overall and did not vary significantly by race or sex. Significant racial disparities were observed, with Black participants experiencing higher financial strain (mean: 2.84 Black vs. 2.34 White), housing instability (30.1% Black vs. 11.9% White), and elevated depressive symptoms (35.2% Black vs. 25.3% White). Conversely, White participants reported greater general trauma and depression (highest tertile: 17.8% Black, 23.8 % White for general trauma; 64.3% Black vs. 73.8% White for depression). Sex-based differences were statistically insignificant across most psychosocial factors, except for financial adjustments (highest tertile: 27.7% men vs. 36.0% women) and physical trauma (38.0% men vs. 22.0% women). When considering the intersection of race and sex, Black men had the highest prevalence of housing instability (highest tertile: 35.2% Black men, 27.8% Black women, 6.8% White men, 15.8% White women), and elevated depressive symptoms (35.8% Black men, 35% Black women, 15.3 % White men, 31.6% White women). White men had the highest prevalence of physical trauma (highest tertile: 35.8% Black men, 21.3% Black women, 44.1% White men, 25.3% White women), and White women had the highest prevalence of financial adjustments (highest tertile: 30.3% Black men, 33.9% Black women, 20.3% White men, 46.3% White women). Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis of the RURAL study underscores substantial psychosocial adversity in these Southern rural communities. Future investigations should explore the relationship between these psychosocial factors and CVD risk to help identify potential intervention targets to improve cardiovascular health in rural communities.

Managing Critical Thinking Skills to Resilience Profile of Pancasila Students in Indonesia Using Controversial Public Issues Model

Purpose: How to manage critical thinking skills in order to resilience Profil Pelajar Pancasila using controversial public issues model is what is the purpose of the research. Theoretical framework: Managing critical thinking skillsis the ability to analyze, evaluate, explain, inference, and interpretation of information obtained in a qualitative or quantitative in writing and verbal using controversial public issues models. Method/design/approach: The research conducted using the quasi-experimental method. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of tests consisting of paper-based pretests and postests supported by documentation needed during the study. Results and conclusion: The result was that managing critical thinking skills using the controversial public issues method was effective in resilience of the Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Research implications: Controversial Public Issues models can increase the dimension of critical thinking skills, so that they can reach the dimensions contained in the Profil Pelajar Pancasila as a transition to implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. Originality/value: This research contributes to the growing literature on critical thinking management as a form of thinking that learners are required to have in the new Profil Pelajar Pancasila policy contained in the Merdeka curriculum. This research provides original insights related to the effectiveness of the implementation of the CPI model in improving critical thinking skills in the Profil Pelajar Pancasila, so that it has an impact on fulfilling the obligations of teachers to make students become students with Pancasila character.

MicroRNA guardians of the posterior cingulate cortex delay cognitive deterioration in elders.

This scientific commentary refers to 'MicroRNA profiles of pathology and resilience in posterior cingulate cortex of cognitively intact elders', by Kelley et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcae082).

Micro-RNA profiles of pathology and resilience in posterior cingulate cortex of cognitively intact elders.

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network underlying autobiographical memory retrieval, which falters early in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently performed RNA sequencing of post-mortem PCC tissue samples from 26 elderly Rush Religious Orders Study participants who came to autopsy with an ante-mortem diagnosis of no cognitive impairment but who collectively displayed a range of Braak I-IV neurofibrillary tangle stages. Notably, cognitively unimpaired subjects displaying high Braak stages may represent cognitive resilience to AD pathology. Transcriptomic data revealed elevated synaptic and ATP-related gene expression in Braak Stages III/IV compared with Stages I/II, suggesting these pathways may be related to PCC resilience. We also mined expression profiles for small non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and may represent an underexplored potential mechanism of resilience through the fine-tuning of gene expression within complex cellular networks. Twelve miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between Braak Stages I/II and III/IV. However, the extent to which the levels of all identified miRNAs were associated with subject demographics, neuropsychological test performance and/or neuropathological diagnostic criteria within this cohort was not explored. Here, we report that a total of 667 miRNAs are significantly associated (rho > 0.38, P < 0.05) with subject variables. There were significant positive correlations between miRNA expression levels and age, perceptual orientation and perceptual speed. By contrast, higher miRNA levels correlated negatively with semantic and episodic memory. Higher expression of 15 miRNAs associated with lower Braak Stages I-II and 47 miRNAs were associated with higher Braak Stages III-IV, suggesting additional mechanistic influences of PCC miRNA expression with resilience. Pathway analysis showed enrichment for miRNAs operating in pathways related to lysine degradation and fatty acid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, we demonstrated that the 12 resilience-related miRNAs differentially expressed in Braak Stages I/II versus Braak Stages III/IV were predicted to regulate mRNAs related to amyloid processing, tau and inflammation. In summary, we demonstrate a dynamic state wherein differential PCC miRNA levels are associated with cognitive performance and post-mortem neuropathological AD diagnostic criteria in cognitively intact elders. We posit these relationships may inform miRNA transcriptional alterations within the PCC relevant to potential early protective (resilience) or pathogenic (pre-clinical or prodromal) responses to disease pathogenesis and thus may be therapeutic targets.

Family Resilience in Urban Extreme Poverty

The impact of poverty causes pressure that weakens family resilience. Although measurements of family resilience are available, there are not many up-to-date measures for urban poor families in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the profile of family resilience and the conditions of vulnerability of extreme urban poor families. The research subjects were the heads of families (N=416) spread across five sub-districts in the city of Bandung, with the highest number of poverties, where most of the subjects worked as daily laborers. The measurement uses a scale of family resilience through four dimensions: the quality of physical, economic, psychological, social, and family structure as demographic resilience. Data were analyzed with descriptive and correlational statistics using JASP 0.15. The results show that poor families have a level of fulfillment of family resilience qualities of 16.5 percent (12.62 percent on the dimensions of physical endurance, 12.46 percent on the economic dimension, 17.33 percent on the psychological dimension and 19.95 percent on the social dimension). Several dimensions have a significant positive relationship, with the highest level on the relationship between dimensions of physical and economic resilience (r=.768). Six conditions of vulnerability were found, namely related to job instability and income that is less than needed, environmental cleanliness and insufficient food consumption, misunderstanding of family goals, and lack of gratitude for conditions. The research findings show two sub-dimensions in each dimension of social resilience and psychological resilience. Suggestions and implications are directed at recommendations for urban extreme poverty alleviation programs and optimizing family quality programs, especially aspects of independence.