Profile Of Acute Kidney Injury Research Articles

P.159: Clinical profile of acute kidney injury after heart transplant.

P.159: Clinical profile of acute kidney injury after heart transplant.

Burden and risk profile of acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 pneumonia admissions: a Finding from Jimma University medical center, Ethiopia

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on its magnitude and risk factors among hospitalized patients in Ethiopia is limited. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of AKI and associated factors among patients admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center in Ethiopia for severe COVID-19 pneumonia from May 2020 to December 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Medical records were reviewed to extract sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and comorbidity data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine factors associated with AKI. The magnitude of the association between the explanatory variables and AKI was estimated using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and significance was declared at a p-value of 0.05.ResultsThe magnitude of AKI was 42% (95% CI: 35.3–48.2%) in the study area. Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and antibiotics were required in 32.6, 3.7, and 97.7% of the patients, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, male sex (AOR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.3–6.5), fever (AOR 6.5, 95% CI: 2.7–15.6), hypoxemia (AOR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.4–18.9), comorbidities (AOR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.0), and severe anemia (AOR 10, 95% CI: 1.7–65.7) remained significantly associated with higher odds of AKI.ConclusionThe burden of AKI among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia is high in our setting. Male sex, abnormal vital signs, chronic conditions, and anemia can identify individuals at increased risk and require close monitoring and prevention efforts.

Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in the Pediatric Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a menace in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality all over the world. There are limited data available on pediatric AKI in central India. Our primary objective is to determine the clinical, etiological, and outcome profile of AKI in the pediatric age group of 3 months to 15 years admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. The secondary objective(s) is to predict the association of mortality in children diagnosed with AKI and to estimate the number of patients developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) at three-month follow-up. This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at AIIMS Raipur, Chhattisgarh, from September 2021 to February 2023. All patients aged 3 months to 15 years of age satisfying the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI and presenting to the hospital were included, and those refusing consent or having CKD stage ≥3 were excluded. A total of 66 children were assessed for eligibility. Out of these 66 patients, 2 were excluded as they had AKI on CKD, and a total of 64 patients were included. For all included patients, details of their demography, clinical features, etiology workup, and hospital stay were collected. Their outcome was observed and categorized into complete response, partial response, no response, left against medical advice (LAMA), or death. Patients who were discharged were followed up for three months and observed for the recovery or development of CKD. The incidence of AKI in the PICU was 15.48% (64/413). Ventricular septal defect with pneumonia and pneumonia (12.5%, 8/64 each) were the most common diagnoses at presentation, resulting in AKI. The most common clinical presentations were fever (54.7%, 35/64) and respiratory distress (43.8%, 28/64). Out of them, 73.4% (47/64) had sepsis, and 62.5% (40/64) had shock. About 56.2% (36/64) of children had non-oliguric AKI as compared to 43.8% (28/64) who had oliguric AKI. Among total children with AKI, 54.7% (35/64) of patients had prerenal AKI, 43.8% (28/64) had renal AKI, and 1.6% (1/64) had postrenal AKI. Of all the children included, 32.8% (21/64) experienced complete resolution of AKI, while 18.8% (12/64) showed partial resolution, and 1.6% (1/64) remained unresolved. Among them, 3.1% (2/64) LAMA, and 43.8% (28/64) died. The median duration of the hospital stay in our study was 16.5 days. Out of them, 59.4% (38/64) of patients required renal replacement therapy (60.5% required peritoneal dialysis (PD), 36.8% required hemodialysis (HD), and 2.6% required both). Among survivors, 19.35% (6/31) developed CKD on a three-month follow-up. The incidence of AKI was seen in critically ill children in the PICU, and it was associated with high mortality.

Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Children Hospitalized with Nephrotic Syndrome: An Observational Study from Bihar, India

Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Children Hospitalized with Nephrotic Syndrome: An Observational Study from Bihar, India

POS-023 CLINICAL PROFILE AND PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID 19 - RELATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE

Kidney involvement in COVID is a well known entity ranging from asymptomatic proteinuria to dialysis requiring AKI (COVID AKI) and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease. COVID AKI serves as an independent predictor of all cause in hospital mortality. This study was aimed to analyse the clinical profile of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID 19 infection and their predictors of mortality.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Sub-Saharan African Adults: A Review of the Current Literature.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex condition that can occur in both community and hospital settings and has many aetiologies. These aetiologies may be infectious, toxic, surgical, or related to the different management methods. Although it is a major public health problem worldwide, it must be emphasised that both its incidence and mortality rate appear to be very high in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries compared to developed countries. The profile of AKI is very different from that of more developed countries. There are no reliable statistics on the incidence of AKI in SSA. Infections (malaria, HIV, diarrhoeal, and other diseases), nephrotoxins, and obstetric and surgical complications are the main aetiologies in Africa. The management of AKI is costly and associated with high rates of prolonged hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality.

The study of clinical profile of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients

Aim:All prior studies have demonstrated that acute renal damage in People who have the coronavirus disease of2019 (COVID-19) are often diagnosed and have a dismal prognosis. Acute renal injury in COVID-19 patients hasnot been well reported in developing countries like India. Examining the clinical traits, biochemistry, and prognosisof acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is the aim of this article. Methods:The Department of Nephrology at the Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Graduate Institute (M.P.) inIndore, India, conducted this study from April 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. We examined 130 COVID-19 casesof AKI recorded by SAMC and PGI in Indore. Included 18 year-old and older COVID-19 patients verified by real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The term “sepsis” was employed in its conventional sense. TheKidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines of AKI were adhered to. Patients under the age of18 undergoing renal replacement therapy for CKD in stages I to IV and ESRD were not eligible. Results:A total of 12,438 COVID patients were admitted to our hospital during this period. The incidence ofAKI was 1.04% (130). The mean age was 51.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 (76:54). Commonestsymptoms were fever in 71.5% (93) of patients, headache in 62% (81) of patients, and cough in 51.5% (67) ofpatients, followed by breathlessness in 37.5% (49) patients. The typical creatinine values at the time of admissionwere 3.57 mg/dl. AKI stage 1 was seen in 30% (39) cases, stage 2 in 45.5% (59) cases, and stage 3 in 24.5%(32) cases. The most common etiology was sepsis in 65% (84) and drugs in 14% (18). T2DM was the mostcommon comorbidity in 42% (55) of patients, HTN in 41.5% (54) of patients, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in9.2% (12) of patients, and malignancy in 5% (7) of patients. Oxygen by nasal mask/nasal prongs was requiredin 59% (77) of patients, BIPAP in 16% (21) of patients, and ventilatory support in 12.5% (16) of patients. Theaverage hospitalization was 12.3 days. Dialysis was required in 16% (21) of patients. Notably, 87% (113) of patientsrecovered completely, and 13% (17) of patients expired. The majority of patients had elevated inflammatorymarkers. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were elevated in 81% (105) of patients,and ferritin was raised in 71% (92) of patients. Conclusion:Hospitalized COVID-19 patients commonly get AKI, which is associated with a poor prognosis andhigh mortality. In COVID-19 patients, increased inflammatory markers, type 2 diabetes, sepsis, older age, and malesex were the main risk factors for developing acute renal injury.

The Study of Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients

All prior studies have demonstrated that acute renal damage in People who have the coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID-19)areoftendiagnosedandhaveadismalprognosis.AcuterenalinjuryinCOVID-19patientshasnot been well reported in developing countries like India. Examining the clinical traits, biochemistry, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is the aim of this article. Methods: The Department of Nephrology at the Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Graduate Institute (M.P.) in Indore, India, conducted this study from April 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. We examined 130 COVID-19 cases of AKI recorded by SAMC & PGI in Indore. Included 18-year-old and older COVID-19 patients verified by real-time reversepolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR).Theterm“sepsis”wasemployedinitsconventionalsense.TheKidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines of AKI were adhered to. Patients under the age of 18 undergoing renal replacement therapy for CKD in stages I to IV and ESRD were not eligible. Results: A total of 12,438 COVID patients were admitted to our hospital during this period. The incidence of AKI was 1.04% (130). The mean age was 51.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 (76:54). Commonest symptoms were fever in 71.5% (93) of patients, headache in 62% (81) of patients, and cough in 51.5% (67) of patients, followed bybreathlessnessin37.5%(49)patients.Thetypicalcreatininevaluesatthetimeofadmissionwerewere3.57mg/dl. AKIstage1wasseenin30%(39)cases,stage2in45.5%(59)cases,andstage3in24.5%(32)cases.Themostcommon aetiology was sepsis in 65% (84) and drugs in 14% (18). T2DM was the most common comorbidity in 42% (55) of patients, HTN in 41.5% (54) of patients, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in 9.2% (12) of patients, and malignancy in 5% (7) of patients. Oxygen by nasal mask/nasal prongs was required in 59% (77) of patients, BIPAP in 16% (21) of patients, and ventilatory support in 12.5% (16) of patients. The average hospitalization was 12.3 days. Dialysis was required in 16% (21) of patients. Notably, 87% (113) of patients recovered completely, and 13% (17) of patients expired. The majority of patients had elevated inflammatory markers. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Creactive protein (CRP) were elevated in 81% (105) of patients, and ferritin was raised in 71% (92) of patients. Conclusion: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients commonly get AKI, which is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. In COVID-19 patients, increased inflammatory markers, type 2 diabetes, sepsis, older age, and male sex were the main risk factors for developing acute renal injury.

Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complication observed in perinatal asphyxia. Early recognition is required for appropriate treatment and improve the outcome.Methods: It is a hospital based retrospective study conducted from august 2019 to December 2019. Total 85 full term neonates with perinatal asphyxia were included in the study. Renal functions were assessed by monitoring urine output, serum creatinine and ultrasonography. Acute kidney injury assessed by pRIFLE criteria and HIE staging is done by modified Sarnat and Sarnat staging. Severity of AKI is correlated with stages of HIE. AKI is managed as per unit protocol.Results: Total 85 perinatal asphyxia neonates were included in the study. Out of total 85 neonates, 25 (29.4%) neonates had evidence of acute kidney injury. Among 25 neonates with acute kidney injury, higher percentage was observed in male neonates which was 14 (56%) against 11 (44%) among female neonates. Predominantly, non oligouric acute kidney injury was observed among acute kidney injury neonates which accounted to 20 neonates (80%) (p-0.258). Serum creatinine between 1.5-2 mg/dl was observed in 18 (21.1%) neonates and 7 (8.2%) neonates had creatinine between 2-3 mg/dl. Sonological abnormality was noted in 2 (2.3%) neonates. Among neonates with non oligouric AKI, 3 (12%) neonates had HIE stage 1, 15 (60%) had HIE-2 and 7 (28%) had HIE-3. However, neonates with non oligouric AKI were higher among HIE 2 when compared to neonates with oligouric renal failure who were higher in HIE 3. No mortality occurred among these neonates.Conclusions: Majority of the neonates with perinatal asphyxia had non oliguric AKI which responded well to conservative treatment. AKI is most commonly seen in HIE stage 2 babies. Since non oligouric renal failure was a predominant finding among asphyxiated neonates, Serum creatinine monitoring remains main stay of diagnosis.

Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in ICU patients

Background: Deterioration of renal function that is both acute and potentially reversible causes the kidney to be ineffective to eliminate nitrogenous waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, resulting in Acute Kidney Injury.Objective: To study the Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in ICU patientsMethods: A total of 50 patients with acute kidney injury were included after meeting the inclusion exclusion criteria. After obtaining of written informed permission from the patients, a comprehensive medical history, general physical examination, systemic examination, and routine and specific lab investigations were performed to determine the underlying etiology, clinical characteristics, and result of AKI. All patients were clinically and biochemically monitored until they were discharged.Results: Male were predominant with 70% compared to females 30%.The Male: Female ratio was 2.3:1, Fever was the most common symptom observed in 54% of the cases followed by dyspnea. Around 30% of the urine cultures were positive. Escherichia coli, candida albicans, Klebsiella species, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas species were among the microorganisms discovered in urine culture. Patients with three or less ailments (82%) have a better probability of recovering, whereas those with four or more ailments (18%) have a larger risk of deteriorating. 78% of the patients had recovered from AKI, whereas AKI deteriorated in 22% of the patients.Conclusion: Acute Kidney Injury is a prevalent clinical issue in critically ill patients, particularly those in the medical ICU. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial for reducing AKI-related and all-cause death in critically ill patients.

Epidemiological profile of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units: A Prospective Brazilian Cohort.

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent syndrome affecting patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), and it is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The aim of the present study was to understand the epidemiological profile of patients with AKI admitted to ICUs.MethodsProspective cohort study, carried out in three ICUs in the Federal District, Brazil. Between October/2017 and December/2018, 8,131 patients were included in the cohort. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. The main outcomes assessed were AKI development and mortality within 28 days of hospitalization.ResultsOf the 8,131 patients followed up, 1,728 developed AKI (21.3%). Of the 1,728 patients with AKI, 1,060 (61.3%) developed stage 1, while stages 2 and 3 represented 154 (8.9%) and 514 (29.7%), respectively. Of these, 459 (26.6%) underwent renal replacement therapy. The mortality was 25.7% for those with AKI, and 4.9% for those without AKI.DiscussionPatients with AKI had higher mortality rates when compared to those without AKI. Likewise, among patients with AKI, higher disease stages were associated with higher death occurrences. AKI incidence (21.3%) and mortality (25.7%) in our study is in line with the largest meta-analysis ever conducted, in which incidence and mortality of 21.6 and 23.9% were observed, respectively. These findings confirm the importance of establishing the KDIGO guideline for the definition and management of AKI in Brazilian ICUs.

A Study of Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Hospital, Visakhapatnam

A Study of Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in a Tertiary Hospital, Visakhapatnam

S0121 Clinico-Radiological Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Pancreatitis

S0121 Clinico-Radiological Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Pancreatitis

Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Acute kidney injury is a common and life-threatening event in patients with liver cirrhosis occurring in approximately 20-50% of hospitalized patients of liver cirrhosis. Pre-renal acute kidney injury, the hepatorenal syndrome type of acute kidney injury and acute tubular necrosis represent the common causes. The aim of this study was to study the profile of acute kidney injury in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consecutive patients of liver cirrhosis admitted in Liver unit of Bir Hospital were studied to see the presence of acute kidney injury in this hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Clinical and laboratory parameters along with various clinical outcome were compared between different groups categorized by the severity of liver disease and renal dysfunction. Out of 302 liver cirrhosis patients, 56 (18.5%) had acute kidney injury among which 23 (46%) were found to have pre-renal acute kidney injury, 15 (30%) with hepatorenal syndrome- acute kidney injury and 12 (24%) with intrinsic renal disease. Patients with higher stages of acute kidney injury had longer duration of hospital stay and hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury was seen in patients with higher grade of ascites and with hyponatremia. Acute kidney injury is a common occurrence in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis with pre-renal acute kidney injury being the commonest cause. Median hospital stay is directly affected by the severity of acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury was seen in patients with higher grade of ascites and hyponatremia. Early identification of patients at high risk for acute kidney injury may help to reduce mortality and contain costs.

Study of clinical profile, risk factors of acute kidney injury in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit at tertiary health care centre

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important condition in hospitalized patients, associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. Objective of this study was to determine the clinical profile of acute kidney injury in pediatric ICU (Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital, Sangameshwar Hospital, Kalaburagi).Methods: This study was conducted in all patients within the age group of 1 month to 18 years admitted in the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) at Basaveshwar teaching and General hospital and Sangameshwar hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure medical college during a period from December 2015 to May 2017.Results: Incidence of AKI was 6.9% in pediatric intensive care unit. The median age of boys and girls were 4.56±3.84 and 4.49±4.01 respectively. Hypotension and need for ventilation were significant risk factors for AKI (p<0.001). The median admission serum creatinine value in AKI patients was 2.91±2.48 mg/dL. In the present study, the median duration of PICU and Hospital stay was 9.98±7.27 in AKI group compared to7.41±5.62 days in non-AKI group (p<0.001).Conclusions: It was concluded that Incidence of AKI was 6.9% in pediatric intensive care unit. The mean and SD of age of boys and girls were 4.56±3.84 and 4.49±4.01 respectively. Hypotension and need for ventilation were significant risk factors for AKI.

Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive care unit: a prospective observational study from a rural tertiary care centre in North India

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury is characterized by an acute and potentially reversible deterioration of renal function, which results in failure of the kidney to excrete nitrogenous waste products and to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. There is marked variation in epidemiological data of Acute Kidney Injury depending upon the definitions used, population being studied and the clinical settings.
 Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the clinical profile of adult patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) admitted in the medical ICU at a rural tertiary care centre in North India.
 Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 70 patients of Acute Kidney Injury admitted in the Medical Intensive Care Unit in Department of Medicine at M. M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala. AKI was diagnosed and staged for severity according to the KDIGO criteria.
 Results and Observations: Amongst the 70 cases of AKI, 32 cases (45.7%) were females while 38 cases (54.3%) were males. The mean age at presentation was 55.22 ± 14.91 years. Sepsis was found to be the major cause of AKI. Out of 70 patients in our study, 45 (64.2%) cases were attributed to sepsis. Mortality rate seen in this study was 40% (n=28).
 Conclusion: Acute Kidney Injury is a common clinical problem encountered in critically ill patients, especially in the medical ICU. Early detection and adequate management is important to reduce AKI related as well as all- cause mortality in critically ill patients.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.685-691

Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis at a Tertiary-Care Center in Uttarakhand, India

Objectives: To study the clinical profile and predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India, on 175 consecutive patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Patients were studied for AKI as per International Club of Ascites-AKI criteria. Results: The prevalence of AKI was 40.6%, with prerenal AKI 67.6%, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) 23.8%, intrinsic renal AKI 7%, and postrenal AKI 1.4%. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), platelet count, and serum albumin were significantly lower and total leucocyte count (TLC), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (SCr), total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, international normalized ratio, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score higher in cirrhosis patients with AKI than without AKI (p < 0.05 each). MAP, hemoglobin, TLC, and SCr were significantly different in various types of AKI (p < 0.05 each). AKI had a significant association with CTP score, alcohol, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), sepsis, and shock (p < 0.05 each). Type of AKI had significant association with SBP, sepsis, and shock (p < 0.05 each). Mortality occurred in 33.8% patients with AKI with 64.7% mortality in patients with HRS. Outcome had significant association with AKI, stage and type of AKI (p < 0.05 each). Multivariate analysis showed SBP, sepsis, and shock as independent predictors of AKI (p < 0.05 each). Conclusions: AKI occurred commonly in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Prerenal AKI and HRS were the most common types of AKI. SBP, sepsis, and shock were important predictors of AKI.

Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in neonatal sepsis and perinatal asphyxia using nRIFLE and modified KDIGO criteria

Background: Newborn babies with sepsis and perinatal asphyxia form a high-risk group for developing neonatal acute kidney injury (nAKI). The diagnosis and staging of nAKI is challenging and has several limitations. Objective: The objectives of this study were to estimate the hospital-based incidence of nAKI in septic and asphyxiated neonates, describe their clinical profile and outcome, and compare the two classifications – neonatal risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease (nRIFLE) and neonatal modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for their agreement. Materials and Methods: Consecutive neonates who fulfilled the diagnosis of sepsis or perinatal asphyxia were included in this prospective cohort study. Urine output was monitored 6 hourly by diaper weight and serum creatinine every 48 h or earlier if required. The clinical profile and outcome of neonates who developed AKI were studied, and AKI was staged using both nRIFLE and KDIGO criteria. Chi-square test was used to test the association of risk factors with AKI, Pearson’s Chi-square and Kappa statistics were used to compare the two staging criteria. Results: Of 90 neonates enrolled, the incidence of AKI in sepsis was 145/1000 neonates and perinatal asphyxia was 464/1000 neonates. AKI was maximally observed in the early preterm neonates (45.4%) and very low birth weight neonates (36.36%). Oliguria was present in a majority of the neonates with nAKI but varied according to the classification system used. nAKI was significantly associated with high mortality (54.2%) (p&lt;0.01) which increased with decreasing gestation and birth weight and increasing severity of nAKI. On comparing KDIGO and nRIFLE criteria, there was a poor agreement between the two. Conclusion: AKI is a common occurrence in septic and asphyxiated neonates and portends poor outcomes. Although studies have evaluated nRIFLE and KDIGO individually, larger studies comparing the two criteria are required to improve early diagnosis and accurate staging of neonatal AKI.

Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome. All consecutive hospitalized children (aged 1-14 years) with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome between February 2016 and February 2017 were enrolled for the study. Children (aged 1-14 years) with features of nephritis, underlying secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome as well as children admitted for diagnostic renal biopsy and intravenous cyclophosphamide or rituximab infusion were excluded. A total of 73 children (81 admissions) were enrolled; incidence of AKI was 16% (95% CI, 9-23). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, furosemide infusion was observed as an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (OR 23; 95% CI, 3-141; P<0.001). Out of 13 children with AKI, three died. Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome has high risk of mortality. Children receiving furosemide infusion should be closely monitored for occurrence of acute kidney injury.

Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in snake bite patient at tertiary care center

Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in snake bite patient at tertiary care center