Professor Of Orthopaedics Research Articles

The Accuracy of 0.3 Tesla MRI for Diagnosing Meniscal Tears in the Knee a Multi-Center Study

Objective: This study aims to compare the accuracy of a 0.3-tesla MRI in diagnosing meniscal injury in the knee to that arthroscopic findings. Duration and place of study Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex Nowshera, Pakistan, from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. (departments of Radiology and Orthopedic). Methodology: One hundred patients who satisfied the study's inclusion criteria were sent from the orthopedics. We successfully collected patient data and permission from the Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. outpatient department and tertiary care hospital kpk between January 2021 and January 2022. All of the 0.3 Tesla scans were completed by a single MRI tech. To confirm the findings of the MRI, an arthroscopy was done by a professor of orthopedics. We tracked everything in a proforma spreadsheet and analyzed the data. Results The result is that 100 patients participated in the trial. There were 96 males (or 95%) and four females (5%). Individuals' ages varied from the low teens to the high fifties. Patients had a mean age of 30.3 +/- 6.82 years. We found that, in contrast to arthroscopy, our method for diagnosing meniscal injuries of the knee joint was susceptible (96%), specific (95%), and accurate (95%). Conclusion:For the evaluation of meniscal injuries, MRI is a reliable, accurate, and noninvasive method. Keywords: Arthroscopy, MRI, and Knee Replacement are Some Key Terms

Foot Drop: The Importance of Imaging as Part of the Peripheral Nerve Evaluation

Dr. Smith is Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Dr. Jack is Associate Staff, Neurological Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Dr. Spinner is Chair of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Burton M Onofrio MD Professor of Neurosurgery, and Professor of Orthopedics and Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, E-mail: [email protected]. All authors, faculty, and staff have no relevant financial relationships with any ineligible organizations regarding this educational activity. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Category: Peripheral Nerve Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation on the enclosed form, answering at least 70% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on December 29, 2024.

Editorial introductions

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation was launched in 1996. It is part of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The field of organ transplantation is divided into 18 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Didier A. MandelbrotDidier A. MandelbrotDr Mandelbrot is currently Medical Director of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation at UW Health and Professor of Medicine at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. He was an undergraduate at Harvard College, medical student at the University of Pennsylvania, resident in Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and renal fellow at Brigham and Women's Hospital. He has a background in basic transplant immunology and a longstanding interest in the diagnosis and treatment of solid organ rejection. He has participated in numerous single and multi-center clinical trials in kidney transplantation, and has published almost 200 papers and chapters. He has made important contributions on the role of donor-specific antibodies in the context of kidney transplantation, pancreas transplantation and simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. He also has a particular interest in living kidney donation, and has been active in describing and improving practices in the US. He was co-PI of the NIH-funded Kidney Donor Outcomes Cohort study and recently finished serving as Chair of the American Society of Transplantation's Living Donor Community of Practice. He is currently a member of the United Network of Organ Sharing Medical and Professional Standards Committee, the American Transplant Congress Program Planning Committee, and the Medical Board of the National Kidney Registry. He is an Associate Editor of Clinical Transplantation. Maria SiemionowMaria SiemionowDr Siemionow, a world-renowned scientist and microsurgeon, is Professor of Orthopedics and Director of Microsurgery Research at The University of Illinois at Chicago. She specializes in microsurgery, hand surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, transplantation, and microsurgery research. She is pioneering development of new technology for minimal immunosuppression in transplantation and enhancement of nerve and muscle regeneration. She served as a President of the American Society for Reconstructive Transplantation, President of the International Hand and Composite Tissue Allotransplantation Society and President of the American Society for Peripheral Nerve. She is a member of the academic-industry team, Warrior Restoration Consortium, focusing on development of clinical therapies and new technologies for wounded soldiers as part of the second phase of the Armed Forces Institute for Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM II). She has received numerous honors, including high praise as Principal Investigator for the world's first IRB approval for Facial Allograft Transplantation protocol; in 2008, she led the team that performed the first near-total face transplantation in the United States. Dr Siemionow has over 330 scientific publications. She has edited three plastic surgery textbooks, two popular science books, and has contributed to over 120 published book chapters. Dr Siemionow received numerous awards including the Polish Order of Merit (2009), the Commander's Cross Polonia Restituta Award from the President of Poland (2009), the Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Research Award from the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation (2010); the 2011 American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ Board of Trustees Special Achievement Award and Casimir Funk National Science Award (2013). In 2014 she received the Great Immigrants Award from the Carnegie Foundation of New York. In 2016 Dr Siemionow was awarded the Heritage Award granted by the Polish American Congress. In 2019 she received Golden Otis Award. Prior to her UIC appointment, she was Director of Plastic Surgery Research and Head of Microsurgical Training for Cleveland Clinic's Department of Plastic Surgery. Jeffery A. KahnJeffery A. KahnDr Jeffrey A. Kahn completed his undergraduate training at the University at Albany, State University of New York, medical school training at the State University of New York, Upstate Medical University and internal medicine residency at Emory University. He then went on to fellowship training in gastroenterology at the University of Southern California and transplant hepatology training at Cedars Sinai-Sinai Medical Center. He has been the medical director of the Keck School of Medicine of USC Liver Transplant Program since 2011, with a special interest in living donor liver transplantation and transfusion-free liver transplantation. His research interests include liver transplant waitlist disparities, liver transplant outcomes and has ongoing translational research related to occult hepatitis C infection.

CORR Insights®: Are There Gender Differences Among Leaders of Regional Orthopaedic Societies of the United States?

J. F. Baumhauer, Professor of Orthopaedics, Chief of Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics, Rochester, NY, USA J. F. Baumhauer MD, MPH, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642 USA, Email: [email protected] This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article “Are There Gender Differences Among Leaders of Regional Orthopaedic Societies of the United States?” by Gwam and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000000956. The author certifies that neither she, nor any members of her immediate family, have any commercial associations (such as consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. Received September 05, 2019 Accepted October 09, 2019

Are the researcher and the reviewer focused on defending the journal’s credibility in the face of scientific demands?

The last editorial highlighted the importance of the internationalization of this journal as well as the use of well-defined standards and agile and modern mechanisms for the rapid publication of scientific material. In this scenario, there is concern about building a good level of content. A revival of the scientific tradition and the modernization (but not replacement) of the method and forms of review, from standardizations brought about by experimentalism to the inclusion of digital technology, are called for.
 In an academic universe in which publication volume transcends optimistic expectations, new journals and scientific portals with global and instantaneous reach appear at every moment. Modernity is, according to Zygmunt Bauman1, liquid. Scientific production gallops. However, readers look for the best-supported content, recognizing that it is impossible to read every published article within their area of interest. With their good power of discernment, they choose more useful and higher-quality articles, leaving aside irrelevant ones. It is not wrong to state that an unread article is a lost article.
 Moses Naim2, in his book "The End of Power", notes that it is increasingly feasible for a competent bureaucratic institution to achieve its optimal conceptual level and gain space in an environment in which traditional and powerful institutions already exist in the same segment. The barriers that protect the power of larger institutions are increasingly fragile. The digital age and the internet (mobility), the growing number of alternatives for the same product (more) and increasing intellectual preparation (mentality) help to break down these barriers that preserve the power of traditional organizations. For the same reasons, a newly ascended entity can easily lose its prominence. This phenomenon is what this author calls the revolution of the three “m’s”: more, mobility and mentality. This journal navigates in this sea of contemporary events, within which economic liberalism, for example, insinuates itself, albeit late.
 The large volume of publications entails a predictable bias toward a great variety of content and, concurrently, an increase in the spectrum of methodological quality in both the higher and lower directions. This new reality calls on participants who are coherent and aware of their role in steering the "Scientific Journal" along the stormy sea route of a busy and demanding market.
 It may be difficult to apply ideas that appear to be obvious: researchers need to produce relevant material with good scientific quality and sound methodology, and reviewers must match researchers’ efforts by devoting the same scientific competence, ethics and dedication to the production that they receive. Therefore, it is important to ask how, within a national context, researchers and reviewers can be prepared, mobilized, updated and improved such that they conduct their work in "firm steps" with good methods and well-applied tools.
 
 See "Liquid Modernity" by Zygmunt Bauman, in which the author, a Polish sociologist and World War II refugee based in Great Britain, considers immediate modernity "light", "liquid", "fluid" and immensely more dynamic than "solid" modernity, which would have been dethroned.
 Moisés Naím is a Venezuelan writer and columnist who has been the editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy magazine since 1996. He has written on international politics and economics, economic development, multilateral organizations, US foreign policy and the unintended consequences of globalization.
 
 
 Carlos Fontoura FilhoReview Board, Scientific Journal of the Foot & AnkleDoctor in Medicine, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) in Ribeirão PretoAdjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
 
 Reply to Professor
 
 Dear Prof. Dr. Carlos Fontoura Filho,
 
 First of all, thank you for your appreciation.
 I was motivated when I read your letter and I was sure that our work is being pursued with a focus on best practices. Significant efforts are being expended to achieve our goals.
 An interesting aspect to highlight is how editorial processes can suffer external influences, even in scientific environments, where the ethical conduct of authors, reviewers and editors must be above all else.
 Practicing medicine under the aegis of ethics requires of the physician a broad experience in this social, moral environment, and constant updating, far beyond the strictly technical requirements. We are much more demanded in the multiple aspects of human relations, if compared to other professions. We must keep careful attention on all those aspects that govern the principles of education and training of young people not only as orthopedic surgeons of the foot and ankle but also as citizens of the world.
 
 Jorge Mitsuo MizusakiEditor-in-chief

Ian Alexander Ruthven-Stuart

As a student Ian Alexander Ruthven-Stuart travelled to Vassar Brothers Hospital in Poughkeepsie, USA, where he found himself in nominal charge of a medical ward with acute poliomyelitis, some patients...

Management of bone tumor

Feng Li, Professor of Orthopedics, Doctoral Supervisor, Director of the Orthopedics Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST, China. He entered Tongji Medical College and completed the medical curriculum in 1985. Afterwards, he became a surgeon in the Orthopedics Department of Tongji Hospital. He received a Medical Doctor degree at Tongji Medical College in 1993. He had postdoctoral training at University of Bern, Switzerland from 1996 to 1998. In 2008, he visited Washington University in St. Louis, USA as a guest Professor. His major interest is spine surgery especially cervical spine surgery. He constantly tries to improve surgical strategies in order to provide better treatment for patients. For surgeries involving C1 and C2 cervical vertebrae, he introduced a video-assisted anterior transcervical approach, serving as a viable alternative to the traditional transoral approach. he modified the surgical approach for the posterior cervical spine surgery. These modifications enable the surgery to be less invasive and provide the patients with fast postoperative recovery and better quality of life. He has been an active investigator of research on osteoporosis and degeneration of human spine for more than 15 years. He published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers in national and international journals including Nature, JBMR, Spine, Oncogenesis, Sci rep, Medicine, Cell Signal. He is an academic editor for several journals. Dr. Li serves as the chairman of the spine surgery group of Hubei Province Orthopedic Association. He is also a member of multiple orthopedic society.

Nicholas J. Giannestras (1908-1978): a distinguished orthopaedic surgeon, his work, life and times.

The purpose of our study was to summarize all the knowledge concerning the innovative pioneer in the field of orthopaedic surgery, Nicholas J. Giannestras (1908-1978). A thorough study of texts, medical books and reports, in the field of history of medicine, together with a review of the available literature in PubMed, was undertaken. Giannestras left his mark in the history of orthopaedics with his clinical work and his publications, mainly his treatise "Foot Disorders: Medical and Surgical Management" (1973), while his name lingers in Greece with the introduction of spine fusion with the use of metallic implants. He was an eminent university clinical professor of orthopaedics who had harmonically combined academic writing, teaching and clinical research in every field of orthopaedic surgery.

Obituary: A Remembrance of Prof. Ugo del Torto (1923-2011)

A Note from the Editors: The following is a personal remembrance of Prof. Ugo del Torto written by family friend and former colleague, Dr. Robert S. Siffert. Considered an expert in the field of orthopaedic traumatology, Prof. Ugo del Torto was named Chair and Professor of Orthopaedics at the University of Naples Federico II. Always active in the orthopaedic community, Prof. del Torto cofounded the Italian Study Group on Scoliosis in 1977, and served 2 years as President of the Society of Italian Orthopaedic Traumatology from 1980 to 1982. His published studies in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® (CORR®) spanned a wide range of orthopaedic topics, including papers investigating the elbow prosthesis, the stabilization of spondylolisthesis, and rib resection using Marino-Zuco-Harrington instrumentation. In 1983, Dr. Siffert and Prof. del Torto collaborated on a study, published in CORR®, which focused on the technique that corrects severe cavus and cavovarus deformities. Ugo and I were very close. His loss will deprive so many friends and colleagues of an outstanding surgeon and a stimulating, loving friend. I first met Ugo approximately 50 years ago in Rome. I had just been appointed Chair and Director of Orthopaedics at Mount Sinai Hospital in Staten Island, NY. In order to broaden my experiences in the specialty, I planned educational visits throughout the United States and abroad, including Rome. Ugo was assigned to me. He directed and scheduled my work. I was impressed by his technical skill, humanity, and graciousness with his patients. It was during this time that Ugo became my teacher, colleague, and friend. Ugo’s father was a Chief of Orthopaedics at University of Naples Federico II. Following his father’s retirement, Ugo became Chair and Professor of Orthopaedics at the University of Naples Federico II. The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons® (ABJS®) elected Ugo to its membership, an important honorary distinction. ABJS® holds annual meetings in different cities, and Ugo actively participated at those meetings, becoming increasingly well known by his peers. Our wives would occasionally attend the meetings with us. Ugo and his wife, Alberta, were always warm and welcoming. His wife and my wife, Miriam, became fast friends. Ugo always enjoyed meeting new friends in new places. As a visiting professor in Naples, Ugo insisted that I present talks on my research during my time there. I felt that my broken Italian was difficult for others to understand, but Ugo was happy to clarify my remarks, while the attendees recognized the humor of the situation. I had just published an article describing a new operation of the deformed foot as a result of trauma or polio [1]. At a subsequent visit to Naples, Ugo showed me the results of operations he performed on a number of patients with foot deformities due to polio or trauma with good outcomes. He invited me to participate in an international conference in Sicily on the subject. Our wives accompanied us on our trip. I always appreciated that invitation. While overseas during World War II, I was stunned by the poor quality of medical care in developing countries. When I became a consultant for CARE®, a humanitarian organization fighting poverty, I was determined to spend 1 month a year in a developing country. In 1969, I was a CARE® consultant in Tunisia. Ugo and Alberta flew there, and we spent several days together. He joined me on rounds and participated in the teaching sessions, contributing his wisdom and techniques. We rented a car and explored a large part of the country together. The Tunisian visit was the high point of the love and regard between the del Tortos and the Sifferts. On our return to Naples, Alberta, a fine artist, showed me a sculpture of a dancing girl that she had just completed. I expressed my admiration for the work. That Christmas, Alberta sent me the bronzed sculpture (Fig. 1). It occupies a spot in our dining room, and is a constant reminder of my friendship and connection with Ugo and Alberta. Fig. 1 The clay sculpture of a dancing girl occupies a spot in the Siffert’s dining room as a reminder of their friendship with Ugo and Alberta del Torto. Published with permission from Robert S. Siffert. Ugo loved sports and physical activity, particularly horseback riding. He also enjoyed automobile racing. He would go from town to town entering races, and once took me along. Those sharp Italian curves were hair-raising, but he was in total control, completely in his element. It is difficult to express the feelings I had for Ugo after so many years. He was a dear friend and colleague whom I sorely miss.

John Bryan McFarland

John Bryan McFarland, a well known and much respected Liverpool surgeon, has died aged 83 in Majorca, where he retired some 22 years ago. He went to school at Trearddur...

The power of observation

Professor Temitope Alonge became the first ever professor of orthopaedics and trauma surgery at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Nigerian Regional Anesthesia Course

Nigerian Regional Anesthesia Course

Harvey Cushing, the spine surgeon: the surgical treatment of Pott disease.

Review of historical archival records. Describe Harvey Cushing's patients with spinal pathology. Harvey Cushing was a pioneer of modern surgery but his work on spine remains largely unknown. Review of the Chesney Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1896 to 1912. This is the first time that Cushing's spinal cases while he was at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, including those with Pott disease, have been described.Cushing treated three young men with psoas abscesses secondary to Pott disease during his residency: he drained the abscesses, debrided any accompanying necrotic vertebral bodies, irrigated the cavity with salt, and left the incision open to close by secondary intention. Although Cushing used Koch's "tuberculin therapy" (of intravenous administration of isolated tubercular bacilli) in one patient, he did not do so in the other two, likely because of the poor response of this first patient. Later in his tenure, Cushing performed a laminectomy on a patient with kyphosis and paraplegia secondary to Pott disease. These cases provide a view of Cushing early in his career, pointing to the extraordinary degree of independence that he had during his residency under William Steward Halsted; these cases may have been important in the surgical upbringing both of Cushing and his coresident, William Stevenson Baer, who became the first professor of Orthopedics at Johns Hopkins Hospital. At the turn of the last century, Pott disease was primarily treated by immobilization with bed rest, braces, and plaster-of-paris jackets; some surgeons also employed gradual correction of the deformity by hyperextension. Patients who failed a trial of conservative therapy (of months to years) were treated with a laminectomy. However, the limitations of these strategies led to the development of techniques that form the basis of contemporary spine surgery-instrumentation and fusion.

The Bone and Joint Decade 2000 to 2010

At a meeting held in Lund, Sweden in April 1998, a steering group, chaired by Lars Lidgren, Professor of Orthopaedics at the University of Lund, put forward the idea of instituting a Bone and Joint Decade along the lines of the successful similar decade for the neurosciences which was concluding.

Lewis A. Sayre: The First Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in America

Lewis Albert Sayre (1820-1900) is considered to be among the founding fathers of orthopaedic surgery in the United States. He studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now of Columbia University). Sayre later helped establish the first academic department of orthopaedics at the Bellevue Medical College where he served as their first Professor of Orthopaedics. Lewis Sayre treated a considerable diversity of musculoskeletal conditions and meticulously documented them with written notes, sketches, and photographs. As a public figure, his methods were controversial, attracting praise by some and inviting criticism by other prominent members of the international community. He made great strides for physicians, helping to charter the American Medical Association and to establish the weekly publication of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The significance of the scientist Prof. Bernhard Heine (1800-1846) for his age, especially for German and French orthopedics

The professor of Orthopaedics in Würzburg, Bernhard Heine (1800-1846) nephew and successor of Johann Georg Heine (1770-1838) at the Karolinen Institute in Würzburg, is not only of significance for the history of the university in Würzburg and for the development of his subject in the German-speaking area, as has mostly been represented up until now, but he should also be seen as one of the forerunners of international cooperation in the early 19th century! From his contacts to the Académie des sciences in Paris and his two Monthyon prizes, his influence on the technology of orthopaedics, the clinic and bone physiology should be indicated by means of his osteotome.

Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint

Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint

Arthrodesing Operations on the Feet

Dr. Edwin Warner Ryerson was born in New York City, graduated from Harvard, then trained at Boston Children’s Hospital [1]. After visiting centers in Berlin and Vienna he moved to Chicago in 1899, where he accepted a post at Rush Medical College. In 1916 he was named professor and head of orthopaedics at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. Owing to WWI he entered military service in 1918–1919. Afterward he became head of orthopaedics at Northwestern University until his retirement from the university in 1935. He continued in private practice until 1947, when he retired to Florida.Dr. Ryerson maintained a lifelong interest in teaching and service to the orthopaedic community. He became a member of the American Orthopaedic Association in 1905 and was President in 1925. Dr. Ryerson was active in the Clinical Orthopaedic Society, which also had a role in forming American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons [4]. In the archives of the AAOS, he was described as “a forensic and parliamentary expert” [6]. He was a founding member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery in 1934, became its vice President in 1935, and served on the Board until 1940 [11].The article reproduced here describes the triple arthrodesis [9]. Ryerson modified a technique earlier described by Hoke which advocated fusing the subtalar and talo-navicular joints [7]. According to Campbell [5] Ryerson popularized the name “triple arthrodesis.” Hoke had not mentioned fusion of the calcaneo-cuboid joint, although Gill, in a discussion following Hoke’s description states, “an additional arthrodesis os calcis and cuboid is unnecessary.” Thus, it is possible Ryerson introduced the third fusion of the triple arthrodesis, although the record is not clear on this point. Ryerson’s operation, however, was commonly used to stabilize the hindfoot in polio patients, and continues to be used less commonly today for other indications. It is likely Ryerson met Adolf Lorenz (1854–1946), the Professor of Orthopaedics at the University of Vienna at the time of his visit [8, 10]. Lorenz, in turn, had trained with Eduard Albert (1841–1900) who conceived the idea of arthrodesis for paralyzed extremities [2, 3]. As with most surgeons of the time, Ryerson wrote on a wide variety of topics related to spine surgery, infection, and congenital anomalies, although he seemed to have a particular interest in foot surgery.Edwin W. Ryerson, MD is shown. Photograph is reproduced with permission and ©American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Fifty Years of Progress, 1983.ReferencesA Tribute to the First President of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Edwin W. Ryerson, M.D. 1872–1961. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1965;47:1274–1275.Albert E. Einige Fälle künstliche Ankylosenbildung an paralytischen Gliedmaßen. Wien med Presse. 1882;23:725.Albert E. Some cases of artificial anklyosis of paralytic extremities. In: Bick EM, ed. Classics of Orthopaedics. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company: 1976.Brown T. The American Orthopaedic Association: A Centennial History. Chicago, IL: The American Orthopaedic Association; 1987.Campbell WC. Operative Orthopedics. Saint Louis: C.V. Mosby Co.; 1939.Heck CV. Commemorative Volume 1933–1983 Fifty Years of Progress. Chicago, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1983.Hoke M. An operation for stabilizing paralytic feet. Amer J Orthop Surg. 1921;3:494–507.Kotz R, Engel A, Schiller C, ed. 100 Jahre Orthopädie an der Universität Wien. Vienna, Austria: Verlag der Wiener Medizinischen Akademie; 1987.Ryerson EW. Arthrodesing operations on the feet. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1923;5:453–471.Skopec M. Adolf Lorenz und das Ringen um die Verselbständigung der Orthopädie in Wien. In: Wyklicky H, ed. 100 Jahre Orthopädie an der Universität Wien. Vienna, Austria: 1987:1–45.Wickstrom JK. Fifty years of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery. 1934. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;257:3–10.

Arthroplasty of the Elbow

Willis Cohoon Campbell was born in Jackson, Mississippi in 1880. He received his undergraduate training in his home state and medical training at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, where he graduated in 1924 [5]. After serving a two-year internship, he went into private practice in Memphis, Tennessee. As with other prominent orthopaedic surgeons (Ryerson among them), he visited medical centers in Europe, particularly London and Vienna. He evidently then spent some time in postgraduate work in New York City prior to returning to private practice in Memphis. (Most formal residencies were not established until the 1930s coincident with the formation of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery in 1934, although many doctors took “postgraduate” work following one or two years of internship in general medicine or surgery.) In 1910, he was asked to organize a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Tennessee Medical School as the first Professor of Orthopaedics, a post he held until his death.In addition to forming a department for the university, Campbell helped establish one of the first hospitals for crippled children in the south, then the Willis Cohoon Campbell Clinic in 1920 [1], and finally in 1923 the Hospital for Crippled Adults. The Campbell clinic provided postgraduate training, meeting the requirements of the American Board for the Certification of Specialists. Dr. Campbell, while not one of the original nine board members of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, was influential in establishing the Board in 1934. According to Wickstrom [4], a “...persistent rumor, repeatedly denied, held that Henderson (Melvin) and Campbell were the primary movers behind the establishment of both the American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons and the American Board in Orthopaedic Surgery; their actions were said to be a retaliatory response to their rejection by the orthopaedic establishment ‘in the East.’” Be that as it may, Dr. Campbell served as President of a number of professional organizations [1]. He published many papers and three monographs, including the classic “Operative Orthopaedics” [3], which has gone through 10 editions, was the standard textbook for orthopaedic surgeons for decades and remains one of the most widely read references. Dr. Campbell was widely known as a kind, courteous man [5].The article reproduced here describes arthroplasty of the elbow to restore motion to ankylosed joints [2]. In this article Campbell recognized some of the described resection arthroplasties (usually with interposition of various materials) left the elbow unstable and weak. He advocated creating a “double flap” of the triceps aponeurosis and underlying periosteum and suturing that to the anterior capsule of the elbow after resecting bone. This, he suggested, allowed functional motion within 6 months in the two cases he described. Interestingly, in his “Operative Orthopaedics” published in 1939, he recommends covering the exposed bony surfaces with fascia lata, and does not describe attaching the flap of the triceps to the anterior capsule, but rather suggests attaching “at a lower point than its former attachment to permit free play of the joint in flexion” [3]. Willis Cohoon Campbell, MD is shown. Photograph is reproduced with permission and ©American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Fifty Years of Progress, 1983.ReferencesCalandruccio RA. The history of the Campbell Clinic. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000:157–170.Campbell WC. Arthroplasty of the elbow. Ann Surg. 1922;76:615–623.Campbell WC. Operative Orthopedics. Saint Louis: CV Mosby Co; 1939.Wickstrom JK. Fifty years of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery: 1934. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990;257:3–10.Willis Cohoon Campbell 1880–1941. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1941;23:716–717.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology 39th Annual Meeting.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology 39th Annual Meeting.