Professor Of Neurosurgery Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis of International Medical Graduates and Professorship Promotion in Neurosurgery

International medical graduates (IMGs) comprise ∼25% of physicians in the United States. Differences in promotion rates from assistant to associate to full professorship based on medical school location have been understudied. We aim to stratify odds of professional advancement by 3 categories: IMG with U.S. residency, IMG with international residency, and U.S. medical with U.S. residency training. We created and queried a database after exclusions of 1334 neurosurgeons including multiple demographic factors: academic productivity and promotion rates. Stratified logistic regression modeled odds of promotion including the variables: decades out of training, Scopus h-index, gender, and training location. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable were calculated. Significant predictors of increased associate versus assistant professorship included decades out of training (OR= 2.519 [95% CI: 2.07-3.093], P < 0.0001) and Scopus h-index (OR= 1.085 [95% CI: 1.064-1.108], P < 0.0001) while international medical school with U.S. residency (OR= 0.471 [95% CI: 0.231-0.914], P= 0.0352) was associated with decreased promotion. Significant predictors of associate versus full professorship were decades out of training (OR= 2.781 [95% CI: 2.268-3.444], P < 0.0001) and Scopus h-index (OR= 1.064 [95% CI: 1.049-1.080], P < 0.0001). Attending medical school or residency internationally was not associated with odds of full professorship. Time out of residency and Scopus h-index were associated with higher academic rank regardless of career level. Attending medical school internationally with U.S. residency was associated with lower odds of associate professorship promotion over 10 years. There was no relationship between IMG and full professorship promotion. IMGs who attended residency internationally did not have lower promotion rates. These findings suggest it may be harder for IMGs to earn promotion from assistant to associate professor in neurosurgery.

H18 James Clark White: a pioneer of American dermatology

Abstract James Clark White, a chemist, botanist and eminent dermatologist, was a born to a shipbuilder in Boston in 1833 and from a young age was fascinated by the natural world around him. White proceeded to study medicine at Harvard and spent a further year at the University of Vienna. He was taught by renowned dermatologists, including Ferdinand Von Hebra, whose detailed drawings and lectures in dermatology were pivotal to White’s interest in the field. White’s varied background in both chemistry and botany translated into his prolific academic work on environmental dermatoses. His famous Dermatitis Venenata: An Account of External Irritants Upon the Skin was the first to provide a collective resource of contact dermatitis, before the pathogenesis of these conditions was truly understood. Another instrumental piece, ‘A case of keratosis (ichthyosis) follicularis’ is now recognized as the first description of Darier disease, which was subsequently named Darier–White disease. White authored eight books and over 100 original articles that covered many areas of cutaneous disease. White returned to Massachusetts General Hospital where, after spending a few years in general practice, he devoted his career to skin disease. He developed the dermatology department into a centre of excellence and was ultimately appointed the first chair of dermatology. A founding member of the American Dermatology Society, and twice its chairman, he progressed to become the first full professor of dermatology in the USA. White spearheaded dermatological education at Harvard, extending the specialty training from 2 to 4 years and introduced an exit examination for residents. White is regarded as part of the vanguard that elevated American dermatology to European standards in the late nineteenth century. In his personal time, White was ardent collector of fine wines and china. He devoted much time reading and listing species of birds and plants that he encountered around his residence in Belfast, Maine. He died in September 1916. His family also had distinguished careers, including his son Charles J. White, who took over his practice to also become a professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School; and a grandson, also named James C. White, a professor of neurosurgery at the same institution. Almost two centuries after his birth, White’s lifelong dedication to dermatology has produced many works that remain relevant and inspire the dermatologists of today.

In Memoriam: Hamit Ziya Gökalp, 1929 to 2022.

In Memoriam: Hamit Ziya Gökalp, 1929 to 2022.

The Association of Neurosurgeons in the German Democratic Republic and its First Congresses in Divided Germany.

The German Society of Neurosurgery (DGNC) was founded in Bonn in 1950 and saw itself as the all-German representation of neurosurgeons. The development of neurosurgery in divided Germany was different in each case as part of a system and was not unaffected by the confrontation between the two blocs (cold war), which also had a negative impact on the field of science. Thus, early on, restrictions on intra-German travel from the East made normal relations difficult. But travel restrictions also came from the West, where an Allied Travel Office in West Berlin decided whether an East German could enter a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) country. Nevertheless, it was possible that Georg Merrem from Leipzig took over the second chairmanship of the board of the DGNC of the election period from 1960 to 1962 and eight individual memberships of German Democratic Republic (GDR) neurosurgeons were still tolerated by the state side. The construction of the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 meant that these connections also collapsed. Merrem, at that time the only full professor of neurosurgery in the GDR, founded the "Association of Neurosurgeons in the GDR" in 1962 in agreement with the state authorities. With the foundation of a GDR neurosurgeons' society, the demarcation from the DGNC desired by the state was visibly accomplished. There were no official relations between the two neurosurgical societies. During the period of its existence until 1990, the entire work of the East German society was under the guidance and control of state institutions, which in turn derived their work from the guidelines of the party and the decisions of the council of ministers. Using the example of the congress activities of the first 5 years after the Wall was built, we show this dependence on state institutions. It extends from congress planning to reporting. With available figures of participating speakers from West Germany and other countries, it is demonstrated for the individual congresses in Leipzig, Magdeburg, and Erfurt that the German-German connection was continued despite all adverse circumstances. The presence of West German colleagues, who were not deterred from attending the congress even by the construction of the Berlin Wall, can be seen as a visible expression of an unbroken togetherness. However, already in 1967, the party and the council of ministers passed the resolution "On the organization of work in the field of science and culture of the GDR to West Germany as well as West Berlin." This regulated membership, the associated travel, and the conditions for publications in West German journals. Among other things, this directive prohibited membership in scientific societies, including the DGNC, based in West Germany. The organization of its own congresses took on a special significance because a congress visit from East to West was regulated by the state and thus only possible in isolated cases.

Unpublished data on the founder of Romanian Neurosurgery – Professor Dumitru Bagdasar

Dumitru Bagdasar, who is indisputably considered as the founder of neurosurgery on the Romanian territory during the interwar period, was born in Ro?ie?ti, the former F?lciu County, in 1893. In 1913, after having completed his primary and secondary education, he enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of Bucharest and, in the summer of 1916, at the end of his third university year, he transferred to the Medical Military Institute. From 1916 to 1918, D. Bagdasar dealt with the whole array of illnesses arising from the world conflict, including firearm-related injuries to the nervous system. After the war, he was transferred to the Neurology Clinic of the Colentina Hospital where, under the supervision of Professor Gheorghe Marinescu, he elaborated and completed his doctoral dissertation entitled: Contribu?iuni la studiul Sindromului Parkinsonian-postencefalitic (Contributions to the Study of Postencephalitic Parkinsonism), which he defended in 1922. From 1922 to 1926, at the Military Hospital of Bucharest, he completed his neurology internship under the guidance of the eminent neurologist Dumitru Noica and his initiation to surgery under Professor Mihail Butoianu. In 1927, after giving up his military contract, he was transferred to the Jimbolia Hospital by the Ministry of Health to work as an attending neuropsychiatrist. At the end of the same year, with a recommendation from Professor Nicolae Paulescu, he earned a neurosurgery specialisation scholarship under Professor Harvey Cushing in Boston. There, under the guidance of Professor Cushing and Doctor Bailey, he wrote two papers: Le traitement Chirurgical des gommes cérébrales and Intracranial Chordoblastoma, which were published in prestigious medical journals. In 1929, he returned to the Jimbolia Hospital where, in 1930, he performed his first neurosurgical procedures. At the end of 1931, he transferred to the Cern?u?i Hospital, again as a neuropsychiatrist, and in the following two years he performed a number of 149 operations on the central nervous system, which are described in the surgical reports written by Doctor Bagdasar himself. In 1934, he transferred to Bucharest, where he performed neurosurgical procedures in two hospitals (Emergency Hospital and Central Hospital) and, at the end of the same year, he was tenured as an attending neurosurgeon at the Central Hospital, following a contest organised by the Ministry of Health. From 1935, he worked primarily in the aforementioned hospital but he also performed operations in other hospitals (Emergency, Col?ea, Military etc.). Alongside his surgical activity, he was also interested in the histopathology of the operated tumours, he wrote scientific papers based on his own case reports, participated in medical congresses (Bucharest, Bern, Chisinau etc.) and became interested in the social-political issues of the time..., joining the Communist Party in 1943. In 1940, just before the outburst of World War II, he wrote Acute craniocerebral trauma and published it in Probleme de Medicin? de R?zboiu (War Medicine Issues). During the war, due to his over a decade long experience in neurosurgical procedures, he assisted the injured (both militaries and civilians), while also managing common neurosurgical cases in Romania and the adjacent countries and even in Palestine, as a member of the so-called “golden team” (C. Arseni, I. Ionescu, Irina Ogrezeanu-Ionescu). In 1945, he was appointed Minister of Health and at the end of the same year, he became the first professor of neurosurgery in Romania. Unfortunately, his life came to an abrupt end on 16 July 1946 because of a metastatic brain tumour probably caused by primary lung cancer.

Professor Adelola Adeloye (1935–2021): An icon in the annals of medicine

We celebrate the life of a great physician-surgeon, Adelola Adeloye, an Emeritus Professor of Neurosurgery at Nigeria’s premier medical school, The College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and retired Consultant Neurosurgeon, University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Joseph Raphaël Lalanne (1871-1930), membre de la Société Médico-Psychologique (1901) et médecin chef de l’asile de Maréville et son fils Jean Lalanne (1906-1978), médecin à l’asile des Bas-Foins près de Dinan (Partie II)

J. Lalanne (1906-1978) was born in the Maréville asylum where his father Raphaël Lalanne (1871-1930) worked. After receiving most of his schooling at residential schools in Lectoure and Agen (Gers and Lot-et-Garonne), he earned his bachelor's degree in Nancy (1925). In this town, he started his medical education in the faculty of medicine. Then, J. Lalanne was an intern at the Maréville asylum from November 1930 to July 1936. In 1933, he was a doctor in medicine and a graduate in forensic medicine and psychiatry. Two years later, he passed the competitive examination for the recruitment of physicians in insane establishments in France (1935). After declining two item proposals, he was appointed to the private asylum was used as the psychiatric hospital of Léhon called at the time “Les Bas-Foins”, a short distance from Dinan (Côte-d’Armor). He worked there until his retirement in 1976. His passion for psychiatry led him to create therapeutic activity out-side the hospital before that the psychiatric sectorization was put in place. He practiced the Electro Convulse Therapy with this friend and work colleague Victor Godard (1888-1952) and also with a home-care team. In the Cote-d’Armor Department, he also inaugurated the mental hygiene dispensaries in the Saint-Brieuc, the consultations in the General Hospital (Dinan), in old people's home and the Saint-Brieuc Prison. J. Lalanne succeeded to V. Godard as doctor at the Dinan Rehabilitation School and the Notre-Dame de Guildo annex (1953). In 1975, he was appointed director of clinical education at the University of Rennes. Lalanne codified the rules of the psychosurgery with Daniel Ferey (1898-1956), professor of neurosurgery at Rennes and V. Godard. According to him, it supplanted electroshock, insulin coma and psychoanalysis in the treatment of schizophrenia. J. Lalanne was awarded the Order of Public Health (1947), the Legion of Honor (1950), the Order of Academic Palms (1957) and the Public Health Officer (1958) during his career but he has been above a committed and tenacious psychiatrist, dedicated heart and soul to the Public Psychiatry.

Bizhan Aarabi and Knowledge Development in Neurotrauma.

Neurotrauma (NT) is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity. Investigating the role of people who had an impact on the development of knowledge of NT is reasonable. Our aim is to investigate the role of Bizhan Aarabi, professor of Neurosurgery, on the knowledge development in NT. Accordingly, we searched the Scopus database for Bizhan Aarabi on August 8, 2020 and selected papers with at least 10 citations, investigating his impact on NT and details of his publications. He has published 168 papers including original articles, reviews, conference papers, letters, and editorials according to the Scopus databases. There are 112 papers with 10 or more citations. Thirty-eight out of 112 papers (33.9%) were in the first and the highest rank journal: 29 in Neurosurgery and 9 in the Journal of Neurotrauma. Twenty-four papers have the level of evidence (LOE) of "1". Bizhan Arabi developed knowledge in NT especially in the cervical spine/spinal cord trauma and brain injury and his publications are references for spine/neurosurgeons.

SURG-07. CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY: FEW CITATIONS FOR BEING RARE OR FOR LACK OF AWARENESS

We present a case-series of 6 pediatric patients, with a follow-up for a minimum of 1 year, with a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic description. This type of disease was first mentioned by Professor Tomita in 1986, in a case-series with 4 patients, with few citations in literature, no other case series cited at the literatures. and in our oncology center of excellence it is an entity that draws attention for diverging from intrinsic tumors of the cerebellum, fourth ventricle and trunk. In this way, we created an algorithm approaching these patients and would like to present this associated to honouring the esteemed professor in neurosurgery.

Looking into the future: The Journal of Neurophysiology

Looking into the future: The <i>Journal of Neurophysiology</i>

100 Years since the birth of Ladislau Steiner. Creativity of Neurosurgery.

Ladislau Steiner (1920–2013) was a Romanian neurosurgeon, born in the historic and picturesque region of Făgăraş. He was educated by some of the best doctors and professors in Romania, during the communist regime. After his escape through the communist regime, in 1961, at 41 years old, he started his neurosurgical and radiosurgical career at Karolinska Institute, in Stockholm, under the renown Herbert Olivecrona and Lars Leksell. He worked here for 25 years, until he retired in 1987 as head of 1st and 2nd Departments of Neurosurgery in the institute’s affiliated clinic Sophiahemmet Hospital. He is most known in Sweden as the first to introduce microsurgical techniques in neurosurgery, but internationally he is known as “the unofficial emissary of Gamma Knife Surgery”. After his retirement, he continued his practice at University of Virginia, USA, for another 23 years and another two years at International Neurosciences Institute, Hannover, Germany, being a Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiology of Gamma Knife Surgery. Thanks to his efforts, Romanian neurosurgery had an accelerated progress after the fall of communism, in 1989. Also, thanks to him, Romania was the first Southeast European country with a Gamma Knife unit. For his efforts, he was appointed Honorary President of the Romanian Society of Neurosurgery. We pay tribute to a great Romanian neurosurgeon who managed to touch the lives of thousands of patients and doctors from almost all countries in the world, in time when the world was divided between east and west, communism and freedom.

Harvey Cushing's Influence on Norman Dott's Work on Acromegaly: Pituitary Research, Treatment Modalities, and Research Dissemination c.1900−c.1960

To review Dr. Harvey Cushing's influence on Mr. Norman Dott's work on acromegaly and other subjects surrounding the pituitary gland such as pituitary research, treatment modalities, and research dissemination. Dott was the first Professor of Neurosurgery in Scotland during 1947 and was considered a pioneer of the understanding and treatment modalities for pituitary disorders such as acromegaly. During 1923, he published an article regarding pituitary physiology that won him the award for the Rockefeller Fellowship Trust, to travel to Boston Massachusetts, giving him the opportunity to train under Cushing's supervision for the years of 1923-1924. However, similarities can be seen between Dott's physiology project that was completed before he ever met Cushing, as well as his treatment suggestions for acromegaly, after he had finished his training under Cushing's supervision. This was a historical perspective based on literature review. We reviewed Norman Dott's archives held by University of Edinburgh Library or online sources and we compared these with the work Cushing had previously performed in a chronological fashion. Cushing's work on the pituitary gland and acromegaly can be largely found online, in biographical books, and in other secondary sources. The search included words such as "transsphenoidal surgery," "x-ray," "Harvey Cushing," "Norman Dott," "Acromegaly," "Annual Meetings," and "Pituitary physiology." We excluded any primary sources that were not published between 1900 and 1960 regarding either pituitary physiology or the treatments for acromegaly. Sir Norman Dott was the first Professor of Neurosurgery in Scotland during 1947 and is well known for his pioneering work on intracranial aneurysms. Although less well known for his contribution to pituitary pathologies, we would like to share his contribution in this regard and correlate it with Cushing's influence.

Making Maiken Nedergaard

Making Maiken Nedergaard

Multimodal therapy for brain tumors ⁎

Ting Lei. M.D., Professor of Neurosurgery, Doctoral Supervisor, Director of the Neurosurgery Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degree from Tongji Medical University, China, and became a neurosurgeon afterward. Then, he successfully obtained a German Academic Exchange Service scholarship to undertake his doctorate in medicine at the University of Erlangen-Nuernberg in Germany. Under the supervision of Profs. R. Fahlbusch and M. Buchfelder, he completed his doctoral degree in the same university and returned to Tongji Hospital to become the first postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Neurosurgery. Since 1998, he has been Chief of the Neurosurgical Department. His scientific interest is basic research and clinical treatment of brain tumors, including pituitary adenoma and glioma. He introduced transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenoma in Hubei Province, China. Currently, he performs more than 300 transsphenoidal surgeries annually. Over the past years, he also modified this surgical approach to make it less invasive and provide patients with fast postoperative recovery and better quality of life. He has been an active researcher in the brain tumor research community for over 30 years now. He received several grants from the National Natural Science Foundation and published more than 500 peer-reviewed papers in national and international journals, including the Journal of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy, European Journal of Cancer, and Cancer Letter. Meanwhile, he is also an academic editor of several journals. Prof. Lei serves as the chairman of the neurosurgery branch of the Wuhan Medical Association and is a committee member of several academic associations.

Aux origines de la neurochirurgie française

Modern French neurosurgery starts at the beginning of the XXth century under the motivation of Joseph Babinski. He submitted his patients to Thierry de Martel who had learned this new specialized area of medicine with H. Cushing in the États-Unis and V. Horsey in Great Britain. His first successfully treated case of an intracranial tumor was published in 1909. But the true founding father was Clovis Vincent, initially a neurologist and collaborator of de Martel, who became the first chairman in 1933 of the neurosurgical department at the Pitié hospital of Paris and the first professor of neurosurgery in 1938. After the Second World War, many departments were created outside of Paris. Neurosurgery was definitively recognized as a specialized area in medicine in 1948. Currently, more than 400 neurosurgeons work in France. Because I had the very great privilege to be present at the birth of this society in 1970 and to still be in contact with some of the second and third generation of French neurosurgeons who led it to its high international recognition, the Chairman of the French Neurosurgical Society asked me to write this short historical vignette.

Living Longer, Living Well

Living Longer, Living Well

Conversations with a neurosurgeon

In the third of three interviews in this issue, we speak to Dr Fawaz Siddiqi. Dr Siddiqi is an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedics at Western University. He is the president of the Professional Service Organization and sits on the Medical Advisory Committee as well as the London Health Sciences Centre Board of Directors. He is also the course chair for the Healthcare Systems course at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry.

Surgery in neuro-oncolgy with a focus on stereotactic radiosurgery.

Veronica Chiang is jointly appointed as Associate Professor in Neurosurgery and Therapeutic Radiology at the Yale School of Medicine. Dr Chiang became the Medical Director of the Yale New Haven Hospital Gamma Knife Center in 2006 where currently over 300 patients are treated each year. She is predominantly interested in the management of brain metastases and now works closely with Medical Oncologists, Radiation Oncologists, Pathologists and Radiologists in the development of new treatment paradigms for patients with brain metastases as well as understanding the effects of these treatments on the normal brain.

In memoriam: William Feindel, O.C., G.O.Q., MDCM, D. Phil; July 12, 1918-January 12, 2014.

Dr Feindel's many contributions to medical science were recognized in 2003, when he was among the earliest inductees into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. The induction was one of numerous honours accorded to him, including honorary degrees and membership in the Order of Canada, the Ordre national du Quebec (Grand Officier), the Academie des Grand Montrealais, and the Royal Society of Canada. Dr Feindel was an accomplished neurosurgeon, technological innovator, visionary administrator, inspiring teacher, and possessed talents beyond the realm of medicine. His accomplishments live on at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, which he helped to bring to world prominence, and in the many medical fellows whom he mentored throughout his long career. William Howard Feindel was born on 12 July 1918 in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. He earned his undergraduate degree at Acadia University, where many years later he would serve as a Chancellor. After graduation, he attended Merton College, Oxford University, as a Rhodes Scholar, earning a D. Phil. in neuroanatomy. In Montreal during the Second World War, Dr Feindel worked to develop treatments for war injuries along with The Neuro's founder and first director, Dr Wilder Penfield. After earning his medical degree at McGill University and further studies in neurosurgery at Oxford, Dr Feindel became the first professor of neurosurgery at the medical college in Saskatoon in 1955. Seeing the potential of brain scanning equipment, he developed the first automatic isotope scanner. Dr Feindel returned to 'The Neuro' in 1959 as the first William Cone. Professor of Neurosurgery. Three years later, he was appointed as The Neuro's neurosurgeon-in-chief. A researcher who contributed to more than 500 scientific papers, Dr Feindel had special interest in determining the causes of focal epilepsy, as well as in finding methods for the early detection of brain tumours and strokes. He helped to develop what came to be known as the Montreal Procedure for temporal lobe epilepsy, which involved the surgical resection of the antero-mesial temporal lobe. The procedure was subsequently adopted throughout the world, leading to cures for thousands of epilepsy patients. Dr Feindel was the main catalyst for the founding of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism and subsequently the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. He was also the President of the 13th International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Montreal, June 1987. During his tenure as The Neuro's director from 1972 to 1984, Dr Feindel largely introduced revolutionary brain scanning tools to Canada, acquiring the country's first CAT, MR, and PET units. McGill inaugurated the William Feindel Chair in Neuro-Oncology in 2001 with the support of the Clive Baxter Memorial Fund. Along with his scientific research papers, Dr Feindel also wrote extensively on topics of medical history, especially about the work of Thomas Willis, the seventeenth-century British pioneer in brain research who coined the term, ‘neurology'. In 1964, Dr Feindel published a facsimile in English of Willis's treatise of 1664, ‘Cerebri Anatome' (Anatomy of the Brain and Nerves). The Osler Library of the History of Medicine at McGill University elected Dr Feindel as Honorary Osler Librarian in 1984. Dr Feindel also published a collection of his historical observations about life and work at The Neuro in 2013 as Images of the Neuro. He was also an avid amateur pianist and violinist, performing along with his colleagues at 'The Neuro's' annual variety show. Dr Feindel was married to Faith (nee Lyman), with whom he had three sons Christopher (Mary Ann), Michael (Karen), and Alexander (1985, Ling), and three daughters, Patricia, Janet (Robert), and Anna, two grandsons Michael (Laura) and Andrew (Tina) and a great grandson Finn.

Corrigendum to “Pathways of Translation: Deep Brain Stimulation”

DOI: 10.1111/cts.12181 1Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic Center for Translational Science Activities, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; 2Post-doctoral Research Fellow, CTSA Master's Degree Student, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; 3Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Physiology, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Correspondence: Michael R Gionfriddo (Gionfriddo.michael@mayo.edu) [Article in Clinical and Translational Science. 6 (2013), no. 6, 497–501]