Professional Rules Research Articles

A retrospective evaluation of self-reported concussion history among male players drafted into professional Australian Rules Football

A retrospective evaluation of self-reported concussion history among male players drafted into professional Australian Rules Football

Preseason and In-Season High-Speed Running Demands of 2 Professional Australian Rules Football Teams.

Australian Rules Football athletes complete long preseasons, yet injuries occur frequently at early stages of the competitive season. Little is known about the high-speed running (HSR) prescription during a preseason or whether players are adequately prepared for competition. This study described absolute and relative preseason and in-season HSR demands of 2 professional Australian football teams. HSR and sprinting volumes are significantly lower in elite Australian Rules football athletes during in-season compared with preseason. Cohort study. Level 3. During the 2019 season, HSR volume was collected for 2 professional Australian football teams (n = 55). Individual maximum speeds (Vmax) were captured to calculate relative running speed thresholds, as reported in 5% increments from 70%Vmax to 100%Vmax. Weekly volume of running above 70%Vmax (P = 0.01; r = 0.56) and 80%Vmax (P = 0.01; r = 0.58) was significantly greater in the preseason than the in-season. The weekly volume completed above 90%Vmax was not significantly greater in the preseason than the in-season (P = 0.10; r = 0.22). Individual variation in the distance completed at specific percentages of Vmax expressed as a coefficient of variation was reported as 51% at 71% to 80%Vmax, 39% at 81% to 90%Vmax, and 41% at 91% to 100%Vmax. The volume of HSR completed by athletes is far greater in the initial 4 weeks of the preseason than in any other point in preseason or competitive phases. At the individual level, there is substantial variation in the distance covered. This supports the concept of a heavily individualized approach to high-speed prescription and monitoring. Practitioners should carefully consider individual variation regarding sprinting volume during both preseason and in-season when prescribing and monitoring training to improve on-field performance and reduce the risk of injury.

A two-year examination of the relation between internal and external load and heart rate variability in Australian Rules Football

ABSTRACT The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and training load in team-sport is unknown. We therefore assessed relations between completed training-load in the previous 1-, 3- and 7-days and waking HRV in professional Australian Rules Football. Linear-mixed models analysed changes in HRV, considering training load from the previous 1-, 3- and 7-days. Total Distance (TD), distance >14.4 km ‧ h−1 (HSR) and >24.9 km ‧ h−1 (Sprint-Distance), duration >85% max heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion were included as independent variables. Sub-group analysis of season-phase and years of professional experience was also conducted. Increased three-day Sprint-Distance reduced HRV in the first 8-weeks of pre-season (−13.1 ms, p = 0.03) and across the data collection period (−3.75 ms, p = 0.01). In first-year players, higher previous-day (−63.3 ms, p=0.04) and seven-day TD (−38.2 ms, p = 0.02) reduced HRV, whilst higher seven-day HSR increased HRV (34.5 ms, p = 0.01). In players with five-to-seven years of professional experience, higher three-day (−14.4 ms, p = 0.02) and seven-day TD (−15.7 ms, p = 0.01) reduced HRV, while higher three-day HSR increased HRV (12.5 ms, p = 0.04). In players with greater than eight years of professional experience, higher previous-day Sprint-Distance reduced HRV (−13.1 ms, p < 0.008). Completed training load across the previous 7-days influences HRV, but the relation between variables is complex and influenced by professional experience and season-phase.

BERT-based transfer learning in tacit knowledge externalization: A study case of history teachers

There has been significant progress in the field of transfer learning. However, there are still issues with inconsistent results in professional domain applications, with low-resource learning being a considerable problem. This paper proposes a language processing model for historical education built using BERT's pre-training techniques. Two experiments were conducted to obtain comparative results and choose the appropriate model method for explicating implicit expertise in secondary school history teaching. It compares traditional methods, represented by naive Bayes, to popular continuation pre-processing techniques such as domain adaptive learning and task adaptive learning to improve the effectiveness of transfer learning. Finally, this study builds targeted models based on real application needs and selects professional rules consistent with the scene application. The use of continued pre-training helps to enhance the accuracy of the professional domain model.

Midwives’ Awareness and Knowledge of the Professional Rules and Regulations in Iran: A Systematic Review

Midwives’ Awareness and Knowledge of the Professional Rules and Regulations in Iran: A Systematic Review

“Don't cry or show your anger in public places”: Exploring the emotional labor experiences of novice Chinese language teachers in Cameroon

This study explores the emotional rules and corresponding emotional labor strategies of novice Chinese language teachers in Cameroonian secondary schools. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with six novice Chinese language teachers, the findings reveal that novice teachers comply with three types of emotional rules, including professional, sociocultural, and personal rules. Surface acting, deep acting, and the expression of naturally felt emotions strategies were employed by novice teachers to meet these emotional rules. It is suggested that regular emotional training and psychological care for novice teachers should be provided to facilitate the well-being improvement of Chinese language teachers in Cameroon.

The Eye in the Sky—A Method to Obtain On-Field Locations of Australian Rules Football Athletes

The ability to overcome an opposition in team sports is reliant upon an understanding of the tactical behaviour of the opposing team members. Recent research is limited to a performance analysts’ own playing team members, as the required opposing team athletes’ geolocation (GPS) data are unavailable. However, in professional Australian rules Football (AF), animations of athlete GPS data from all teams are commercially available. The purpose of this technical study was to obtain the on-field location of AF athletes from animations of the 2019 Australian Football League season to enable the examination of the tactical behaviour of any team. The pre-trained object detection model YOLOv4 was fine-tuned to detect players, and a custom convolutional neural network was trained to track numbers in the animations. The object detection and the athlete tracking achieved an accuracy of 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. Subsequent scaling and translation coefficients were determined through solving an optimisation problem to transform the pixel coordinate positions of a tracked player number to field-relative Cartesian coordinates. The derived equations achieved an average Euclidean distance from the athletes’ raw GPS data of 2.63 m. The proposed athlete detection and tracking approach is a novel methodology to obtain the on-field positions of AF athletes in the absence of direct measures, which may be used for the analysis of opposition collective team behaviour and in the development of interactive play sketching AF tools.

Playing to learn? Analyzing participants' framing of competition and professional conduct in maritime simulations

This study scrutinizes how a simulated scenario framed as a competition is discussed in a post-simulation debriefing, where students reflect on game-like play in the context of professional education. This study draws on Erwin Goffman's (1974/86) analytical concept of framing. In particular, the analysis focuses on the instructor's and students' authentic conversations during a debriefing session and explores how these conversations open up negotiations of professional and playful learning. The research design is ethnographically informed and based on observations, field notes, and 34 h of video data from a navigation course in which 35 bachelor's students from a Norwegian university participated. Our analytical findings reveal that the activity undergoes continuous negotiation between two framings: professional and competitive. In professional framing, students are held accountable for adhering to professional rules, regulations, and norms of “good seamanship.” In the competition framing, students were competing to win the race. Moreover, as the competition mode intensified, students prioritized winning the race over adhering to the rules and regulations of the profession. Consequently, the findings illustrate how a competition framing within a professional education context has engaged the students, letting them demonstrate their knowledge and skills in a playful manner. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for an additional exploration of the opportunities and challenges of competition on professional decision making and ethical conduct in settings where simulation-based learning is utilized for training, particularly in domains that train students in high safety standards.

Assessment of the characteristics of professional protective equipment, monitoring compliance with professional safety rules by nursing staff

Health system are more than three million working now, thousands of treatmentand- prophylactic, pharmaceutical, sanitary and epidemiologic institutions, tens research institutes, centers, highest and average educational institutions at which various household and communication equipment is operated, various medical equipment, are used toxic agents and aggressive liquids. In harmful and adverse working conditions hundreds of thousands workers of health care, including average health workers are occupied. Questions of professional safety of nursing staff on a workplace define a level of quality of labor life of experts and are the most important indicator of quality of the provided medical care. In this regard there is actual a question of means of professional protection of average health workers and observance of rules of professional safety by them.

The clarification of the concept of colostomy nursing care in ostomy care centers: A concept analysis through Walker and Avant's method.

Specialist nurses need to have an accurate understanding of colostomy care-related concepts to provide care. Although patients with different types of ostomy have different types of needs, terms such as ostomy care, colostomy care, and ileostomy nursing are interchangeably used. Moreover, there are limited concept analysis studies into the concept of colostomy nursing care (CNC) in ostomy care centers (OCCs). The aim of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of CNC in outpatient OCCs. This was a concept analysis study. This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's eight-step method. The online databases were searched until 2022 to retrieve documents on CNC. Finally, 35 articles and four books were included in the analysis, the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were determined, and model and additional cases as well as empirical referents were presented. The defining attributes of CNC in OCCs are the development of professional role, participatory practice and interdisciplinary care, selection of the best clinical procedures, care based on patient education, and patient rehabilitation. The antecedents of the concept are nurse-related antecedents, patient- and family-related antecedents, environmental antecedents, and professional rules and regulations. Its consequences are patients' and families' greater care-related knowledge, improvement of nurses' care quality, patient autonomy, and self-efficacy. The concept of CNC in OCCs can be defined as "a continuous and coherent care based on knowledge, skill, expertise, experience, and colostomy type which uses interdisciplinary collaboration and the best available evidence in order to select and provide the best services according to patients' and families' culture and background, fulfill patients' physical, mental, sexual, social, and spiritual needs, and timely refer patients to specialists, with the ultimate goal of improving patient autonomy and facilitating their return to normal life."

A qualitative analysis of the unwritten rules influencing antibiotic prescribing practices among French poultry veterinarians.

It is now recognized that a better understanding of prescriber behaviour is needed to improve antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Most studies conducted in the livestock sector have focused on farmers' perspectives, while the prescribing habits of veterinarians have remained overlooked. Our study explored the psychosocial determinants associated with antibiotic prescribing practices in the French poultry sector by analysing the informal norms and unwritten rules that influence veterinarians' prescribing decisions. A qualitative study was conducted in four French regions in February 2021. Using the biographical narrative interpretive method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 poultry veterinarians with varying professional experience. Three main themes were retained for data analysis: (i) compliance with and deviations from prescribing recommendations, (ii) the influence of fellow veterinarians on antibiotic decisions and (iii) the key role of veterinary corporate groups. When prescribing antibiotics, junior veterinarians were strongly influenced by senior veterinarians who acted as role models driving clinical practices. Prescribing habits were shared through peer networks in which veterinarians participated throughout their careers. Finally, veterinary corporate groups helped to shape veterinarians' prescribing habits by promoting existing guidelines and even producing in-house recommendations. We show that, in parallel with official guidelines, prescribing habits circulate among veterinarians and are shared in professional circles. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship interventions should focus not only on official guidelines and communication channels, but also unwritten professional rules and organizations influencing veterinarians' prescribing practices.

Professional activity of social sphere specialists in conditions of uncertainty

The article examines the features of changes in the social service system with an emphasis on the practice of social work in the context of pandemic and post-pandemic challenges. The theoretical basis of the work is the concepts of sociology of professions and occupations, pandemic reality and emotional labor. The professional community of social workers is understood in the form of a "supportive" profession that provides social care services in order to solve acute social problems by providing assistance to the most vulnerable categories of citizens (the disabled, the elderly, people with disabilities). Particular attention is paid to the impact of preventive measures and information policy aimed at combating the spread of coronavirus infection, which significantly affect professional activities, the sense of subjective security of social professionals and clients served, the possibilities of urban mobility, access to various organizations and resources. The empirical basis of the conducted research consists of semi-structured interviews with specialists of state and non-state social organizations. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the key aspects of the professional activity of specialists that have undergone the greatest changes are presented. The interrelation of official and informal professional rules, the importance of the emotionality of the work of specialists operating in conditions of uncertainty, as well as the specifics of the provision of social services under the influence of administrative and legal regulations justified by medicalized discourse are revealed. The high importance of the social service system and the demand for specialists, manifested against the background of the diversification of the social sphere, as well as urgent problems for existing social workers, such as insufficient wages, shortage of personnel, high bureaucratization of labor and rapid restructuring of work functions, were noted. Special attention is paid to professional skills in managing emotions used in the process of interaction of specialists with clients, which is defined as an effective strategy used in the practice of social work.

Fake kindness, caring and symbolic violence.

The article starts by offering a definition of fake kindness focused on the dissociation between the behavioural components of kindness and the intent to sincerely pay some heed to the needs of others. Using the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu, this definition is then used to articulate how fake kindness can be conceptualized as a specific form of symbolic violence. Such a view allows explanations as to how and why the prevalence and effectiveness of fake kindness vary according to microsociological norms and values. The generic definition and conceptualization of fake kindness as a form of symbolic violence are then used to discuss how nursing's enthrallment with the concept of caring and its operationalization as a moral compass likely fosters the growth of fake kindness within the profession. In this view, the institutional enforcement of propriety and well-behaved professionalism is more likely to lead to toxic environments than to healthy workplaces. We hope that being able to understand how professional norms and institutional rules are sometimes turned into social tools to enforce obedience and existing hierarchies can empower victims of those phenomena to resist them more effectively. It might also contribute to increasing the awareness of well-meaning nurses or people in position of authority who have been socialized in environments where fake kindness is normalized.

Variability of mechanical performance of cement-typha insulation materials

The reduction of energy consumption in the building sector is an important consideration for the protection of environment and availability of fossil resources. Therefore, plant-based concretes are increasingly developed to insulate buildings and reduce the contribution of the construction sector to energy consumption. In this study, concrete made of typha with a cementitious matrix was elaborated. The mechanical performances (compressive strength and apparent elastic module) are evaluated. The variability of these performances according to the water/binder ratio, the curing conditions, and the class of cement were studied. The results show that mechanical performances of Typha cement concretes are in accordance with the values recommended in the French professional rules for hemp construction. The apparent elastic module obtained range from 15 to 35 MPa. The stress at 10% strain decreases from 0.52 to 0.30 MPa with increasing water content. The water/binder ratio of 0.7 conducted to the best mechanical performance.

Does game-based training replicate match inside-50 entries in elite Australian Rules football?

The purpose of this research was to determine if the training design of an elite Australian Rules football team replicated match conditions for inside-50 entries. Notational analyses of one professional Australian Rules football club's training and match footage were conducted for every disposal that entered the inside-50 during either game-based training or matches. Analysed variables included how the ball was received, time in possession and location. Statistical analyses were undertaken using Mann–Whitney tests, a multivariate analysis of variance and a decision tree analysis. Significant differences were identified between game-based training and competition matches for 34 of the 54 inside-50 entry variables. Of these 34 variables, 10 showed a strong effect between session types. When examining the efficiency of inside-50 entries, only effective disposals produced a significant difference between training and matches, with no differences for neutral and ineffective disposals. The session type, how the ball was received, decision (e.g., kick vs. handball) and pressure acts were the most important contributors to effective inside-50 entry disposal efficiency. The results suggest this professional Australian Rules team does not participate in training sessions that reflect inside-50 match conditions. This study may provide a framework for elite Australian Rules teams on which to structure their inside-50 training.

Associations between hamstring strain and knee ligament injuries with isometric trunk and hip strength and morphology in professional Australian rules football and rugby league players

Associations between hamstring strain and knee ligament injuries with isometric trunk and hip strength and morphology in professional Australian rules football and rugby league players

Kode Etik Pustakawan sebagai Aturan Profesional bagi Profesi Pustakawan

The librarian code of ethics as a professional rule for the librarian profession. The librarian code of ethics is a set of rules governing the ethical behavior expected of a librarian. The purpose of the code is to promote integrity, professionalism, and social responsibility in the practice of librarianship. The methodology used was a literature review of various sources of books, journal articles, and professional websites relevant to the librarian code of ethics. The results of the literature review show that a code of ethics generally consists of a set of ethical principles, values, and standards that form professional guidelines. They enable librarians to confront and solve ethical issues that arise in their practice. In this journal, we will discuss the librarian's code of ethics and how it shapes professional practice in the librarian profession.

Automating venous thromboembolism risk assessment: a dual-branch deep learning method using electronic medical records.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease. Although risk assessment and preventive measures are effective, manual assessment is inefficient and covers a small population in clinical practice. Hence, it is necessary to explore intelligent methods for VTE risk assessment. The Padua scale has been widely used in VTE risk assessment, and we divided its assessment into disease category judgment and comprehensive clinical information judgment according to the characteristics of the Padua scale. We proposed a dual-branch deep learning (DB-DL) assessment method. First, in the disease category branch, we propose a deep learning-based Padua disease classification model (PDCM) for determining patients' Padua disease categories by considering patients' diagnosis, symptoms, and symptom weights. In the branch of comprehensive clinical information, we use the Chinese lexical analysis (LAC) word separation technique, combined with professional corpus and rules, to extract and judge the comprehensive clinical factors in the electronic medical record (EMR). We validated the accuracy of the method with the Padua assessment results of 7,690 Chinese clinical EMRs. First, our proposed method allows for a fully automated assessment, and the average time to assess one patient is only 0.37 s. Compared to the gold standard, our method has an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.883, a specificity value of 0.957, and a sensitivity value of 0.816 for assessing the Padua risk patient class. Our DB-DL assessment method automates VTE risk assessment, thereby addressing the challenges of time-consuming evaluation and limited population coverage. Thus, this method is highly clinically valuable.

How a Simple Tort Claim is Transformed into an Exposition of the Implications of Artificial Intelligence on the American Legal System

This article discusses issues relating to artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of a lawsuit essentially alleging negligence. The case, however, quickly turned to a discussion relating to how the plaintiff’s attorneys, with the aid of ChatGPT, fabricated as series of precedents that would have permitted their case to go forward on the basis of the application of a statute of limitations found in the Montreal Convention. The article discusses AI as it applies to the Rules of Professional Conduct and Rule 11 of the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure relating to the duties and responsibilities of attorneys. All of the quotations and factual representations are taken from the Case Documentations.

Sourcing Dis/Information: How Swedish and Ukrainian Journalists Source, Verify, and Mediate Journalistic Truth During the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

ABSTRACT Journalists form the middle links of global information chains, playing a decisive role in detecting and dismantling or amplifying problematic information. Information sourcing, verification, and transparency are important tools for journalists when they transmit their sense-making of events, i.e., the journalistic truth, to the audiences. This mixed-methods study of the disinformation-prone conflict between Russia and Ukraine investigates how journalists at different positions on the information chain—i.e., on the ground (Ukraine) and at a distance (Sweden)—source, verify, and narrate their journalistic truth to audiences. We found that, even in high-pressure situations created by hot conflicts, sourcing and verification remain mostly individualized practices that are shaped by internalized unwritten, professional rules of an oral newsroom culture. Verification protocols or specialized tools are largely absent. Sources were sometimes hard to detect in the journalistic content; claims about their verification status even harder. There was a fear that being overtly transparent about sources would jeopardize journalists’ authority. Especially problematic are the precarious working and living conditions for journalists on the ground. These conditions make them vulnerable sources for journalists abroad.