To determine sociodemographic predictors of poor vision in children under 18 years old in a large, nationally representative sample of the United States population. Retrospective, population-based cross-sectional study. Using data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), participants under 18 years old for whom data were available on vision difficulty were included in our analysis. Our primary outcome was vision difficulty. Sociodemographic variables were investigated as predictors of vision difficulty. Logistic regression models were performed using Stata version 17.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas). An odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported for analyses. The 2021 NHIS reported on 8,261 children, of which 7,373 had data pertaining to vision difficulty and were included in our sample. Vision difficulty was associated with being unable to afford medical care (OR=2.60, 95%CI=[1.17, 5.80], p=0.02) and having public health insurance (OR=1.52, 95%CI=[1.09, 2.12], p=0.01). Compared to children under age 5, children ranging from ages 5-8 (OR=4.29, 95%CI=[2.26, 8.15], p<0.01) to 16-17 (OR=6.06, 95%CI=[3.17, 11.58], p<0.01) had a higher odds of vision difficulty. Compared to children for whom the highest level of education of adults in their family was grade 1-11, the odds of vision difficulty were lower in children whose parents had a professional school or doctoral degree (OR=0.30, 95%CI=[0.11, 0.84], p=0.02). Multiple sociodemographic factors are associated with vision difficulty in children. In working towards achieving equity in vision health, it is imperative that disparities mediated by sociodemographic factors are addressed through public health policies.