Products For Animal Nutrition Research Articles

O Kaizen como sistema de melhoria contínua: um estudo de caso em uma indústria de nutrição animal

A demanda por alimentos destinados à nutrição animal tem aumentado com o passar dos anos, fazendo com que as indústrias invistam cada vez mais nos processos produtivos. Para melhorar a eficiência dos processos, a utilização do Kaizen é uma ferramenta viável para a implantação de melhorias contínuas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi implantar o Kaizen em uma indústria de nutrição animal para obter diversas melhorias no processo produtivo desta empresa. O método de pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso com aplicação dos passos propostos pela ferramenta Kaizen, o qual iniciou com a definição do mapa de fluxo de valor e seguiu com planos de ações para as melhorias propostas. Dentre os resultados, foram implantadas dez medidas de melhoria nos diferentes setores da empresa, as quais permitiram uma melhoria na produção de produtos para a nutrição animal. A implicação prática é o método de aplicação do Kaizen como ferramenta de melhoria contínua com o auxílio do mapa de fluxo de valor em uma empresa do ramo alimentício.

Selection value of nonpubescent soybean lines [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] for different uses

Purpose. Create a new source material of soybeans without pubescence, determine its selection value for the efficient use of processed products in animal nutrition, which will ensure high productivity of the latter. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds are important economic and valuable features. The lack of pubescence on plants is unique.Methods. Field, special, laboratory and mathematical-statistical.Results. The minimum fat content of 20.88% was observed in the seeds of the non-pubescent variety ‘Kobra’, 23.73% in the line No 305, and 25.02% in the line No 22. The varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Antratsyt’ had a high fat content – 24.08–25.83%. The protein content in the green mass of promising lines was very low – up to 16%. The fat content was in the range of 2.1–5.3% with the maximum value in the lines No 3 and No 7 – 4.67–5.26%. The protein content in ‘Anakonda’ seeds and No 1 and No 9 lines was 36–37%, in standard varieties – at the level of 29.5–35.63%. A comparison of new non-pubescent lines with standard varieties and the most productive varieties ‘Diamant’ and ‘Adamos’, which are included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and meet the requirements for efficient use in fodder production.Conclusions. Lack of pubescence in soybean plants is an extremely rare and atypical phenomenon. There are no such varieties in the state register of plant varieties of Ukraine. More than 50 non-pubescent lines exceed the indicators of economic suitability of national standards and modern varieties. Lines No 4, No 5, No 7, No 8, which had more than 15% protein in the green mass, should be involved in the selection process to create fodder varieties. The ‘Anakonda’ line has a nutritional value with a minimum content of linolenic acid in the oil (6.08%). Increased oleic acid content was observed in varieties ‘Adamos’ (35.01%), ‘Diamant’ (33.53%), ‘Ametyst’ (31.39%).

The health enhancer yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two types of commercial products for animal nutrition.

The health enhancer yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is widely used in diets for different animals. Two main types of SC-based products are commercially available, one containing live yeasts and one containing SC fermentation by-products, which are supposedly not dependent on live yeasts for their physiological effects invivo. Culture-based techniques were applied to study yeasts in two types of commercial products: a product containing live SC (LSC) and a SC fermentation product (SCFP). Three temperatures (25, 30 and 39°C) and two pH levels (4 and 7) were tested. The product with LSC contained an average of 1·21×109 colony-forming units (CFUs) of yeasts per g contents (min: 1×108 , max: 3×109 ). In contrast, the SCFP contained an average of 4·67×103 (min: 3×102 , max: 1·9×104 ) CFUs per g contents (c. 1 million times less than the concentration of yeasts in the product with LSC). Both temperature and pH level affected the number of CFUs but this effect differed between the two products. Biochemical tests identified the two yeasts as SC, which differed in their ability to ferment maltose (negative in the SCFP). This report encourages more research on commercial microbial strains for animal nutrition that can lead to a better understanding of their mode of action invivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Probiotics (or direct fed microbials) are increasingly popular in Animal Nutrition. Different products containing live micro-organisms or microbial-derived products are commercially available to enhance health and boost commercial traits. The characteristics of these products dictate their physiological effects and determine their potential to increase profitability from livestock. For the first time, this report presents data about the numbers and phenotype of the health enhancer Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two widely available commercial products in Animal Nutrition. These findings may be useful for scientists and producers around the globe and have the potential to open up novel venues for research.

Encapsulation Methods and Use in Animal Nutrition

Encapsulation is a technology based on coating an active compound with one or more coating material and keeping it in the capsule. Encapsulation is a system can be used for increasing stability and bioavailability, protecting the form and controlled secretion to target tissues of bioactive compounds. Coating materials are can be ranged as starch, analogs of starch, proteins, gums, lipids or their mixtures. Nowadays, many methods such as spray drying, freeze drying, fluid bed coating, extrusion, cocrystillization and molecular clust have been used for encapsulation practices. These practices are used in fields such as food, pharmacy, medicine, veterinary, biotechnology, textile, industry and agriculture. In recent years, advantages of encapsulation methods for the efficiency of feed additives have been asserted. As a matter of fact, lycopene, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, probiotics and plant extracts can be coated with different materials. In this review, decreasing the negative effects of environment on quality and the quantity of additives and encapsulation technology used for increasing stability, advantages and using possibilities of this products in animal nutrition has been discussed.

Yucca schidigera can mitigate ammonia emissions from manure and promote poultry health and production.

Mojaveyucca (Yucca schidigera) is widely grown in the deserts. This herb is commercially used because it is rich in saponins and phenolic compounds with antioxidant effect. Y. schidigera or its derivatives are included as nontoxic food supplements, in cosmetics, and in the pharmaceutical industry. Saponins originated from Y. schidigera have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, growth promoter, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic effects. To date, the key role of Y. schidigera or its products in animal nutrition is to reduce the ammonia content in the atmosphere and fecal odor in poultry excreta. Mitigating ammonia by using this plant could be achieved by the modification of gut microbiota, enhancement in digestion, and absorption of nutrients, leading to a better growth and production performance of animals and poultry. Various methods were applied to mitigate the emission of odor from the litter by different strategies including biofilters, litter treatments, air scrubbers, neutralizing agents, windbreak walls, etc., but these techniques are expensive. This article provides a new insight to scientists and poultry breeders to use Y. schidigera plant or its products as inexpensive and safe sources of a feed supplement to overcome the ammonia and fecal odor problems, as well as reduce environmental pollution in poultry houses.

CSR Aimed at Clients of an Animal Nutrition Business: A Case Study

The objective of the present study is to elaborate a proposal of socially responsible practices aimed at the clients of a Mexican business whose commercial activity is the elaboration of products for animal nutrition and which does not at present have a formal CSR approach in their strategy and therefore lacks important competitive advantages for operating in the business market today.A literary revision in which the evolution of CSR was presented was carried out as part of this research. We also analyzed three main models for managing CSR in organizations and made a description of some empiric studies of CSR aimed at clients. In the development of the methodology a case study was used, resulting in a diagnosis of the situation of the business with respect to CSR along with a plan for improvement which contains the socially responsible practice proposals suggested in order to create a value relationship with this particular interest group.It is important to point out that we worked together with the members of the marketing department of the business under study, because it is attending to the needs of the clients, making the employees experience very valuable in determining proposed practices. The results of this research were intended to contribute empirical evidence about the application of CSR in the organizational strategies of emerging-market countries, while increasing existing CSR research in Mexican national industries.

Use of babassu products in animal nutrition

The objective was to perform a review of the derived products from babassu (in the form of cake and meal) that are used as substitutes for traditional foods in diets of livestock animals of interest, where it was possible to prove its effectiveness when used at appropriate levels in the diet, because most of the studies analyzed there was no compromising on performance, carcass yield and productivity of animals or being a good option as alternative food, since food is one of the factors that limit breeding because of the high cost.

RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.) AND ITS PROSPECTIVE USEAGE IN POULTRY DIET (review)

Abstract A recent trend in the world’s crop production is an intensified cultivation of oil-yielding crops, particularly rape (Brassica napus), as a source of vegetable oils and valuable protein for animal nutrition. Rape is especially promising crop for climatic and soil conditions of the Russian Federation as it can be grown almost all over the country. Energy content in rape is 1.7 to 2.0 times as much as in cereals, and 1.3 to 1.7 times as much as in legumes. Amino acid composition in rape proteins is well-balanced, and the lysine level is almost similar to that in soy, while the methionine, cystine, Ca and P levels are much higher. In animal farming and poultry the rape seeds, as well as rape oilcake, meal and oil are used. In rape seeds the fat content is 40 %, the protein level reaches 23 % and cellulose amounts to 4 %. However, their use in hen’s feeding is limited due to poor digestibility of seed shells and specific composition. In rape oil the level of unsaturated fat acids is high, i.e. 60.0-70.0 % for oleic acid, 23.3 % for linoleic acid and 10.5 % for linolenic acid which can regulate biosynthesis of prostaglandins thus effecting positively the re-productive function. Biological, energy and protein value of rape seed meal is high and similar to that of high-protein feed-stuff of animal origin. The rape meal is rich in choline, biotin, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamin and minerals compared to soy though some of these elements are less available. The rape oilcake contains fats at 8.75 %, cellulose at 12.0 % and proteins at 32.0 % on the average. These proteins are enriched with irreplaceable amino acids, and the lysine and S-containing amino acids levels amount to 5.7 and 5.0 %, respectively. Anti-nutritive compounds including erucic acid and glucosinolates are the factors limiting use of rapeseed and related prod-ucts in animal nutrition. In the article the methods for improving nutritive value of rapeseed products are discussed, including genetic selection of rape, thermal processing and supplementa-tion of diets with enzyme preparations. Classification of rape cultivars is considered with regard to fatty acids and glucosinolates content in seeds («++», «0+», «+0», «00», «000»). Supplementation of broiler diets with rapeseed cake containing 0.41 % of isothiocyanates and 0.25 % of erucic acid together with a designed enzyme preparation MEC-CP-4 (Russia) is proposed as an effective feeding technology. In poultry this additive allows to use fodder containing 7.5; 10.0 and 15.0 % of rapeseed oilcake in case it is supplemented with 500, 750 and 1000 ppm MEC-CP-4, respectively. Keywords: rape, mixed feeds, broilers, health and productivity of poultry, glucosi-nolates, erucic acid.

Efficiency of sepiolite in broilers diet as uranium adsorbent.

The use of phosphate mineral products in animal nutrition, as a major source of phosphor and calcium, can lead to uranium entering the food chain. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of natural sepiolite and sepiolite treated with acid for broilers after oral intake of uranium. The broilers were contaminated for 7 days with 25 mg/uranyl nitrate per day. Two different adsorbents (natural sepiolite and sepiolite treated with acid) were given via gastric tube immediately after the oral administration of uranium. Natural sepiolite reduced uranium distribution by 57% in kidney, 80% in liver, 42% in brain, and 56% in muscle. A lower protective effect was observed after the administration of sepiolite treated with acid, resulting in significant damage of intestinal villi in the form of shortening, fragmentation, and necrosis, and histopathological lesions on kidney in the form of edema and abruption of epithelial cells in tubules. When broilers received only sepiolite treated with acid (no uranyl nitrate), shortening of intestinal villi occurred. Kidney injuries were evident when uranium concentrations in kidney were 0.88 and 1.25 µg/g dry weight. It is concluded that adding of natural sepiolite to the diets of broilers can reduce uranium distribution in organs by significant amount without adverse side effects.

A study of Aspergillus niger- hydrolyzed cassava peel meal as a carbohydrate source on the histology of broiler chickens

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hydrolysed cassava peel inclusion as a replacement for maize in broiler chicken feedstuff on the histology of the internal organs of broiler chickens. Thirty six, two weeks old unsexed broiler chickens were used for the study in a feeding trial of forty two days. The chickens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments A - F using a completely randomized design. Each treatment group contained two replicates of three broiler chickens. Group A chickens (A1 and A2) were fed with the control diet (0% hydrolyzed cassava peel as main carbon source). Groups B-E (in replicates 1 and 2) were administered with experimental diets containing 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of hydrolyzed cassava peels respectively replacing maize while group F (F1 and F2) were fed with diet containing 100% unhydrolyzed cassava peels replacing maize as the main carbon source. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for the six weeks feeding trials period. Vaccine and drugs were administered as at when due. At the end of the third week, two replicate per group were fasted for twelve hours and slaughtered. Samples of liver, kidney and heart were collected and tissue samples were taken for histological examinations. All the chickens in group F that fed on unhydrolyzed cassava peel recorded 100% mortality within the first six days of the feeding trials while those in groups A to E recorded 0% mortality. Histology of the kidney, heart and liver showed increasing mark of coagulative necrosis, degeneration of the hepatocytes and vacuolations due to the shrinking of the hepatocellular and cardiac tissues as the cassava inclusion level increases in feed. It is concluded that birds can be fed with maize replaced with up to 50% hydrolyzed cassava peel in chicken feeds without serious deleterious effects and that the wastes have useful products in animal nutrition. Also, the replacement added economic in chicken production. The hydrolysis has led to a reduction in the potency of cyanide in the peel thereby making it a safe and possible candidate in the production of chicken feeds.

Ground annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.) in sorghum-based commercial layer diets and their effects on performance, egg quality, and yolk pigmentation

Consumer demands for healthy foods have stimulated the research on the use of natural products in animal nutrition. Annatto can be used a pigmentation source to improve yolk color of commercial eggs. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of the inclusion of ground annatto seeds on the performance and egg quality of layers fed sorghum-based diets. A total of 336 40-w-old hens were distributed according to randomized blocks into seven treatments with six replicates of eight birds each. The following treatments were applied: T1- egg production feed based on corn and soybean meal; T2- egg production feed based on sorghum and soybean meal; T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7- egg production feed based on sorghum supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% ground annatto seeds, respectively. As to performance parameters, only egg production was influenced, with hens fed the corn-based diet producing more eggs than those fed the sorghum-based diet with inclusion of 1.5 and 2.5% de annatto. The only egg quality parameter affected by treatments was the color of yolk, which pigmentation increased with increasing levels of ground annatto seeds. It is concluded that ground annatto seeds can be supplemented in sorghum-based production feeds for layers, and that the inclusion level of 0.89% is sufficient to promote the same yolk pigmentation as that obtained with corn-based diets.

Whale processing. I.—The composition of the products obtained by the concentration and spray‐drying of glue waters

AbstractWhale‐meat and ‐blubber glue waters—the aqueous liquors remaining after the prolonged boiling of whale carcass and blubber respectively for the liberation of their oil contents—constitute a largely unexploited source of partially degraded (hydrolysed) protein together with other essential mineral and organic nutrients. Such glue waters have been concentrated, the dissolved solids recovered by spray‐drying and the dry materials analysed for mineral constituents, nitrogen, essential amino‐acids and certain B‐group vitamins. The data presented provide a basis for the application of the products in animal nutrition. In general the essential amino‐acids were present in such proportions as to place the products into the category of second‐class proteins like gelatin. With the exception of thiamin, B‐group vitamins were present in fairly satisfactory amounts, the concentrations being greater, as would be expected, in glue waters derived from the carcass. The mineral constituents were present in proportions normally to be expected in extracts of this type. These spray‐dried glue waters should find their best application in the formulation of rations for ruminants rather than in those for swine and poultry.

The Use of Marine Products in Animal Nutrition

For many years there have been indications in the scientific literature that marine products offered promise for animal feeding, though these possibilities were not investigated to any considerable extent until recently. About a year ago the Bureau of Fisheries, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, certain state agricultural experiment stations, universities, and private agencies, began a comprehensive program of investigations of the nutritive value of marine products, both from the standpoint of human and animal dietary needs. In as far as animal nutrition is concerned, these studies have dealt with such products as cod-liver oil and other fish oils, fish and shellfish meals. For a number of years the United States Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries, has been studying various fish and shellfish meals in poultry, dairy cattle, and swine feeding at the Beltsville Experiment Station. Some of this work has been published (1, 2 and 3).