Production Research Institute Research Articles

MILK COMPOSITION EVALUATION IN DIFFERENT BREEDS OF LOCAL DAIRY TYPE ANIMALS IN PUNJAB

The current study was carried out during the reign of July 2022 to June 2023 involving 1682 collected milk samples to evaluate the effect of species on milk composition including fat, protein, solid not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS) from indigenous livestock species of Punjab, Pakistan kept for milk purpose under local conditions including cow, sheep, goat and camel. The study was carried out a Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of species on composition of milk for. For this purpose the milk samples were collected from different species and breeds within including pure Sahiwal cow, cross bred Sahiwal cow with Friesian, local non-descript cow, Lohi sheep, goat and camels maintained at different livestock experiment stations under Livestock and Dairy development department Punjab, Pakistan. Results showed lacto meter reading (LR) was highest in Lohi sheep 30.02 followed by camel 29.59, buffalo 30.15 and then cow breeds. Milk fat was highest in Lohi sheep 7.17 percent followed by camel 5.63 percent, buffalo 6.76 percent and goat 4.73 percent. Milk fat content of purebred Sahiwal, cross bred Sahiwal and local Qadirabad cow is 4.77, 4.52 and 5.19 percent respectively. Solid not fat (SNF) content was highest in Lohi sheep 8.98 percent followed by Buffalo 8.84 and camel 8.51 percent. SNF content for goat is 7.55 and for purebred Sahiwal, cross bred Sahiwal and local Qadirabad cow is 7.50, 7.28 and 7.79 respectively. Total solids (TS) was found to be highest in Lohi sheep 16.12 followed by buffalo 15.83 and then camel 13.97 and cow. The milk protein content was found to be highest for goat 4.82 percent followed by sheep 4.75, camel 3.95 and then by cow and buffalo.

Bibliometric analysis and key messages of integrating Chinese and Western Medicine for COVID-19

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic since it broke out, and integrated Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the published literature on ICWM for COVID-19 at home and abroad, and compare their differences on hotspots and research fronts. MethodsPublications before Oct 31, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core database (WOS), PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), CiteSpace and VOSviewer to summarize the basic characteristics of publications, countries, institutions, keywords, and citations. ResultsWe included 580 English papers and 1727 Chinese papers in this study. The development trends in China and other countries are relatively asynchronous and show a smooth growth trend for the future. The most productive countries were China, India, and the United States, while the most productive domestic research institution was the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The clustering analysis of high-frequency keywords showed that Chinese literature focused on clinical studies of ICWM for COVID-19, such as retrospective studies, clinical features, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome analysis, while English literature focused on therapeutic mechanism studies and evidence-based medicine studies, such as systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and both of them paid attention to network pharmacological research and Qingfei Paidu Decoction. Sorting out the top 10 highly cited articles, Huang CL's article published in Lancet in 2020 was regarded as a cornerstone in the field. ConclusionThe treatment of COVID-19 by ICWM has become a worldwide research hotspot. Although there are differences in the specific contents among countries, the development trend of research types to the mechanism of action, and the development trend of research contents to the recovery period treatment and the prevention of COVID-19 by ICWM are consistent.

Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction.

As a common male disease, erectile dysfunction (ED) seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. In recent years, studies have continued to point out the great potential of stem cell therapy (SCT) in the treatment of ED. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the research of SCT for ED and understand the development trends and research frontiers in this field. Publications regarding SCT and ED were retrieved and collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were then utilized for bibliometric and visualization analysis. A total of 524 publications were eventually included in this study. The annual number of publications in this field was increasing year by year. China and the USA were the two most productive countries. Lin GT, Lue TF and Lin CS, and the University of California San Francisco where they worked were the most productive research group and institution, respectively. The journal with the largest number of publications was The Journal of Sexual Medicine, and the following were mostly professional journals of urology and andrology. Diabetes mellitus-induced ED and cavernous nerve injury-related ED were the two most commonly constructed models of ED in studies. Concerning the types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose and bone marrow were most frequently used. Moreover, future research would mainly focus on exosomes, tissue engineering technology, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and clinical translation. The research of SCT for ED will receive increasing global attention in the future. Our study provided bibliometric and visualization analysis of published literature, helping researchers understand the global landscape and frontiers in this field. More preclinical and clinical studies should be conducted to more deeply explore the underlying mechanisms of treatment and promote clinical translation.

Influence of habitat, density, lignin structure, and extraction treatment on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: a study of 87 wood specimens

Abstract This study aims to reveal the diversity of thermal-softening temperatures and identify the factors that determine this temperature. To achieve this, the thermal-softening properties of the radial direction of wood were measured under water-saturated conditions for 15 softwood and 72 hardwood specimens. Wood samples were obtained from the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan. A dynamic viscoelastic measurement was performed on samples with uniform heating and cooling history because the difference in cooling rate can alter in the mechanical properties of wood. The storage and loss elastic moduli increased linearly as wood density increased, regardless of the wood species. However, the thermal-softening temperature (defined in this study as the peak temperature of loss tangent) was unrelated to the density, anatomical features, species, latitude, and annual rainfall in the habitat. When the relationship between thermal-softening temperature and lignin structure was investigated, a negative correlation was observed between the thermal-softening temperature and the syringyl ratio (syringyl/(syringyl+guaiacyl)) of lignin aromatics. This indicates that the thermal-softening temperature is higher for wood species with denser lignin structures, supporting the prior research showed correlation between thermal-softening temperature and methoxyl group content of wood.

Bibliometric analysis of the literature on the teaching of information literacy skills in Sub-Saharan African institutions of higher learning

Information literacy skills (ILS) have increasingly become indispensable in the higher education landscape largely due to the explosion of information which is generated by the Internet and a myriad of information communication technologies (ICTs). Known differently as bibliographic instruction, user education, user instruction, library instruction, instruction services, and libraries and learning, ILS boasts of an impressive history spanning more than ten decades during which a considerable body of multidisciplinary literature has been generated. However, although the impressive contributions of ILS are self-evident, bibliometric studies focusing exclusively on Sub-Saharan African contexts are scarce. Consequently, there is a limited understanding of how ILS are taught in the broader African institutions of higher learning landscape. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how this core skill is taught in the African context. The study employed bibliometric analysis and review methods to explore the profile and research trends in information literacy skills in African universities and higher education institutions. Data were collected from the Web of Science database‟s core collection from 1990-2021 (31 years) using a variety of search strategies. Data were analysed through Web of Science‟s Clarivate Analytics and some data were exported to Microsoft Excel to produce images and graphs. The findings of the study revealed: the year 2020 with the most publications; the University of South Africa the most productive research institution; E. E. Baro, the most prolific author in writing on IL; the most research productive country Nigeria; the most dominant publishing outlet journals and the most citations were received in the year 2020.

Research on carbon balance in Japan

The article presents an overview of scientific publications on the subject of the study «carbon balance in terrestrial ecosystems», made for the territory of Japan and indexed in the Scopus database for the period 2017-2021. Within this theme, the areas with the highest number of articles are highlighted: carbon fluxes in soils, carbon stocks in above ground phytomass (mainly studies of the ecosystems of Hokkaido), features of carbon dioxide sequestration by various plant species typical for Japan, as well as the carbon balance dynamics associated with deforestation, reforestation and natural phenomena such as typhoons. The most active in publishing activity scientific and academic institutions were identified (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Hokkaido University).

Knowledge mapping of B cell and atherosclerosis over the past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and B cells are considered a key immune cell type to regulate AS. So far, there is no bibliometric study on B cell and AS. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific output about B cell and AS, summarize the literature characteristics, explore research hotspots, and point out emerging trends. We searched the literature from 2003 to 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package “Bibliometrix” were used for literature analysis and visualization. A total of 1,062 articles and reviews were identified. The number of annual publications generally showed an upward trend. The United States and China were the most productive countries. Medical University of Vienna was the most productive research institution, and Binder Christoph J. was the most productive author, who was also from Medical University of Vienna. “Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology” was the most published journal and the most frequently cited journal. The most cited reference was written by Caligiuri G (2002) in “Journal of Clinical Investigation.” The most frequent keywords were “inflammation,” “macrophages,” “cardiovascular disease,” “T cells,” “apoptosis,” “immunity,” “cytokines,” “lymphocytes,” etc. The trend topics were mainly focused on “immune infiltration,” “immunoglobulins,” and “biomarkers.” The complex role of B cell subtypes and a variety of B cell mediators is the main research direction at present. In-depth analysis of B cell-specific targets can provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of AS.

Comparative pregnancy diagnosis of digital rectal palpation technique, ultrasonography, progesterone assay and non-return-to-heat in Red Sokoto goat.

Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out to evaluation the effectiveness of digital rectal palpation technique in Red Sokoto goat, at Small Ruminant Research Program of National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria. Forty two does were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, (n = 14 each). Semen was collected from two Red Sokoto bucks using artificial vagina, processed and stored at 4˚C. Oestrus was synchronised with prostaglandin F2-alpha, and oestrus detected by apronised bucks and visual observation. Breeding was by artificial inseminating for groups A and B while group C bred by natural service. Comparative pregnancy diagnosis was carried out using ultrasonography (US) and digital rectal palpation technique (DRP) on day 14, 21, 28 and 126, while progesterone assay (P4) and non-return-to-heat (NRH) on day 21, post-breeding. Pregnancy rates on day 21 were 64.3 %, 92.9 % and 100 % (US); 42.9 %, 57.1 % and 57.1 % (DRP); 78.6 %, 78.6 % and 100 % (P4); 85.7 %, 78.6 % and 92.9 % (NRH). There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between US, DRP, P4 and NRH in groups B and C. It was concluded that DRP technique was effective in early pregnancy diagnosis (days 14, 21, and 28) in Red Sokoto goat does.

Geoengineering: proactive measures to tackle climate change.

As of 20 August, 2023, extensive parts of northern China including the capital city of Beijing had experienced arguably the hottest summer in recent years, recording consecutive days of high temperatures at or near 40°C. Against this backdrop, National Science Review (NSR) organized a web forum on a climate-related topic that needs more exposure to Chinese public and researchers alike: geoengineering. Compared to commonly-known methods to address climate change such as emission reduction, geoengineering proposes to take much more proactive measures such as injecting aerosol into the stratosphere to increase solar reflection, implementing iron fertilization in the ocean to promote microbial growth, and capturing and liquifying CO2 and injecting it directly into exhausted oil fields. The forum was hosted by Prof. Tong Zhu of Peking University with four panelists. Together, they introduced the scientific backgrounds and implementations of these proactive measures and discussed the pros and cons anticipated by researchers so far. Fei Chai () Professor, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University Zhijun Jin () Professor, SONOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute; Dean, Institute of Energy, Peking University; Dean, Peking University Ordos Research Institute of Energy Shawchen Liu () Professor, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University Jianhua Xu () Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Management, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University Tong Zhu () (Chair) Professor, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University.

Monetary Incentives Versus Fringe Benefits: The Motivation Behind Generation X and Millennial Employees

This study focused on the lived experience of employees in the Department of Science and Technology–Forest Product Research and Development Institute as to the motivation from monetary incentives or fringe benefits. The research design used was qualitative, with phenomenology as an approach. The study explored the experiences and motivation of Generation X and millennial employees in the Department of Science and Technology–Forest Product Research and Development Institute. Based on the results, employees reflected on their overall experiences that they manifest on non-monetary benefits or fringe benefits rather than monetary incentives they received. The employees were acquainted with the experience that arose from the testimony, which showed that motivated employees were more likely to be productive, happier in their jobs, and remained with their company for a longer amount of time by creating a great work atmosphere. Giving employees chances to learn and develop, enough incentives and benefits for excellent performance resulted in their satisfaction with their work. The researcher considered the employees experiencing job satisfaction and dissatisfaction based on Frederick Herzberg's theory, also known as the Two Factor Theory that developed to better understand an employee's attitude and drive toward the job. As an output, the researcher suggested establishing a committee of employees at the Department of Science and Technology – Forest Products Research and Development Institute named 4C's or Cope Capacity Counseling Committee, which aimed to promote financial, emotional, physical, social, and psychological concerns of the employee's motivation at their workplace.

A Study of Waste Projection through Bibliometric Analysis

Waste projection is useful for determining the amount of waste that will be produced globally during the following few decades. The purpose of this study is to map the current state of global research and future development trends of waste projection studies. This study uses a bibliometric approach by analyzing 1,342 scientific publications over half a century based on the database of Scopus. The findings show that Resources Conservation and Recycling, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the United States were the most productive publication sources, research institutions, and countries in the study of waste projection. The research proposes a concept of WEWCAP research themes for waste projection research.

Effects of a new generation of fish protein hydrolysate on performance, intestinal microbiology, and immunity of broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of co-dried fish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) on broilers performance, intestinal microbiology, and cellular immune responses. Five hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male broilers were allocated to four treatments with five replicates of 25 birds in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included four levels of CFPH (0% as the control, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) in the isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. During the experiment, body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were periodically recorded in addition to calculating average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liveability index, and European broiler index (EBI). In addition, cellular immune responses were evaluated at 30 days of age. On day 42, ileal contents were obtained to examine the microbial population. Based on the findings, Dietary supplementation of 5 and 7.5% CFPH increased the percentage of the thigh while decreasing the relative weight of the gizzard compared to the control group. The highest relative length of jejunum was observed in birds receiving 2.5 and 5% CFPH, and its highest relative weight belonged to birds fed with 5% CFPH. The number of coliforms, enterobacters, and total gram-negative bacteria in the intestines of birds receiving CFPH was less than that of the control group. In general, the application of CFPH in broiler nutrition can decrease the level of soybean meal in diet and it can be considered as a new protein supplement in poultry production. It is suggested to study the incorporation of this new supplement in other livestock's diets.

Microbial and Fungal Contamination of Different Dried Cocoyam Flakes during Storage

Background: Contamination of food by microorganisms from the processing to the consumption stage has become a major health concern in this era, where a better approach for the elongation of food shelf life is explored. This study aims to evaluate the microbial and fungal contamination of different dried cocoyam flakes during storage.
 Methods: The cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) samples were properly cooked, peeled, sliced into thin shapes, and dried to constant weights. The drying methods used were sun, hot-air oven, and Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) multi-crop dryer; samples were divided into three groups A, B, and C, respectively, and the dried samples were stored for three months. Moisture Content (MC) was conducted using the standard method. Colonial morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical test were used to identify and characterize microorganisms. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0.
 Results: There was a significant increase in the MC of all the samples after the storage duration. The sun-dried sample had the highest MC (13.60%) while the oven-dried sample had the lowest MC (10.82%). The sun-dried samples had the highest viable bacteria count (7.2×105 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g) and the oven-dried sample had the lowest count (5.1×105 CFU/g). The four bacterial isolates identified were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The heterotrophic fungal number was the highest (0.5×103 CFU/g) regarding sun-dried samples, whereas the samples dried with NSPRI multi-crop dryer and oven-dried samples had the same value (0.3×103 CFU/g). Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus, Penicillium, and Mucor were isolated from the samples. Rhyzopertha dominica was identified in sun-dried samples.
 Conclusion: The increase of MC and the nature of the storage material may have contributed to high bacterial and fungal counts of stored dried cocoyam flakes, especially sun-dried ones, thereby exposing consumers to potential health risks.

ASSESSMENT OF TRISODIUM CITRATE – VITAMIN C BASED ORAL PREPARATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN INDIGENOUS ANIMAL (CATTLE, BUFFALO)

The major disease that affects dairy industry in Pakistan is mastitis. Mastitis therapymostly fails due to pathological changes in udder, pharmacokinetics of drugs used and poor husbandrypractices. The present study is conducted to evaluate non-antibiotic therapy including Trisodium citrateand Vitamin C for the treatment of subclinical mastitis of cows and buffaloes. The product to be testedis composed of extemporaneous by mixing the Trisodium citrate 30gm and vitamin C 6gm. A fieldtrial on therapeutic efficacy of above product has been conducted on buffaloes and cows affected withsubclinical mastitis at Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurnagar, Okara. Fifteen buffaloeswith 10 animals in treatment group (A1), 5 animals in control group (A2) fifteen cows with 10animals in treatment group (A3), 5 animals in control group (A4) are use in trial. Surf Field MastitisTest (SFMT) is used for grading of animals and treatment is given in both the groups of cattle andbuffalo. Buffalo group A1 and Cattle group A3 shows significantly higher (p<0.05) cure rates. Themilk pH in both the groups decreased up to 6.6. The efficacy of therapeutic protocol was calculated byAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA).

A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Remote Sensing Methods for Glacier Mass Balance Research

In recent decades, climate change has led to global warming, glacier melting, glacial lake outbursts, sea level rising, and more extreme weather, and has seriously affected human life. Remote sensing technology has advanced quickly, and it offers effective observation techniques for studying and monitoring glaciers. In order to clarify the stage of research development, research hotspots, research frontiers, and limitations and challenges in glacier mass balance based on remote sensing technology, we used the tools of bibliometrics and data visualization to analyze 4817 works of literature related to glacier mass balance based on remote sensing technology from 1990 to 2021 in the Web of Science database. The results showed that (1) China and the United States are the major countries in the study of glacier mass balance based on remote sensing technology. (2) The Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most productive research institution. (3) Current research hotspots focus on “Climate change”, “Inventory”, “Dynamics”, “Model”, “Retreat”, “Glacier mass balance”, “Sea level”, “Radar”, “Volume change”, “Surface velocity”, “Glacier mapping”, “Hazard”, and other keywords. (4) The current research frontiers include water storage change, artificial intelligence, High Mountain Asia (HMA), photogrammetry, debris cover, geodetic method, area change, glacier volume, classification, satellite gravimetry, grounding line retreat, risk assessment, lake outburst flood, glacier elevation change, digital elevation model, geodetic mass balance, (DEM) generation, etc. According to the results of the visual analysis of the literature, we introduced the three commonly used methods of glacier mass balance based on remote sensing observation and summarized the research status and shortcomings of different methods in glacier mass balance. We considered that the future research trend is to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of data and combine a variety of methods and data to achieve high precision and long-term monitoring of glacier mass changes and improve the consistency of results. This research summarizes the study of glacier mass balance using remote sensing, which will provide valuable information for future research across this field.

ADAPTATION OF FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS SUBTYPES PAN ASIA-II, TUR-06 AND SINDH-08 TOWARDS THE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND SEROLOGICAL FINDINGS BY SPC ELISA AND SERUM NEUTRALIZATION TEST

FMD serotype “O” with subtype PAN Asia-II, serotype “A” with subtype Tur-06 and serotype “Asia-1” with subtype Sindh-08 were adapted on the LFBK cell line and subsequently on BHK-21. After inactivation these subtypes were introduced for the development of oil based trivalent vaccine against FMD. The study was conducted on the experimental animals (cow calves) at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Okara. Twenty one unvaccinated cattle calves of age group 4-6 month were used in the study, 16 were injected with experimentally prepared oil based FMD vaccine at the dose rate of 2cc per cow calf at day 0 and 28 post priming while five cattle calves were kept as control. The FMD oil based vaccine containing subtypes PAN ASIA-II, TUR-06 and SINDH-08 showed satisfactory immune response on ELISA and Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) at day 28 post priming and day 28 post booster. The study aimed to strengthen the national control strategy against FMD by the incorporation of prevalent field strains of FMD virus for the vaccine development.

Water Use Efficiency of Long Staple Cotton Varieties in Southern Zone of Uzbekistan

Previous research established field capacity (Fc) based irrigation scheduling for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties in Uzbekistan. In this paper, the irrigation scheduling Fc for two long staple cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) varieties and its effect on seed-lint yield and irrigation water use efficiency and water consumption of plants were reported. The field experiments were conducted in the condition of takyr soils with mechanical composition of silt loam in southern zone of Uzbekistan, at the Kashkadarya Experimental Station of Uzbekistan’s Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies Research Institute in 2018, 2019 and 2020. In research, cotton growth stages such as germination to flowering, flowering to boll formation, and maturation were considered for the development of irrigation scheduling with respect to field capacity water content (Fc). Irrigation scheduling based on percentages of Fc and mineral fertilizer application rate of N250P175K125 should be considered applicable practices for long staple cotton varieties on silt loam soils of the southern zone of Uzbekistan and for similar soil-climatic conditions of Central Asian countries.

Mapping of E-Entrepreneurship Research: Bibliometric Review

E-entrepreneurship has gotten more attention. E-entrepreneurship is the harmonization of electronic business elements with entrepreneurial activities and the use of information technology in entrepreneurship. E-entrepreneurship roles have fundamentally altered economic growth, industrial progress, and societal sustainability. This study aims to map e-entrepreneurship research at the global level. To achieve this, 182 relevant international publications from 1995 to 2021 were mapped using bibliometric analysis with Scopus and VOSviewer. The results show an increasing trend and evolution of literature related to e-entrepreneurship. This research study indicates that Kollmann, T., and Universität Duisburg- Essen were the most productive individual researcher and research institutions in e-entrepreneurship. The most prolific researcher in the entrepreneurship area was usually from UK affiliates. The United States was a leading research country on e-entrepreneurship. This study proposes a conceptual framework from the IBEEE research theme for the e-entrepreneurship topic based on the keyword cluster categorization of innovation and policy, business, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial process, and e-business. The IBEEE research theme can be used to develop e-entrepreneurship studies in the future.

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Center for Advanced Materials

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Center for Advanced Materials

STUDY OF QUALITY CHANGES IN Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL 1822) STORED IN MODIFIED ICE FISH BOXTM

Fish is a very perishable commodity that deteriorates after harvest without proper handling, transportation, and storage. Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute Ice Fish BoxTM has been improved to have a greater capacity for more storage of fish as well as the development of a trolley to ease movement and a change in position of the drain spot increasing the performance of the drainage system.  Thirty (30) kilograms of freshly harvested Clarias gariepinus and thirty (30) kilograms of ice were layered alternately at a ratio 1:1 in the modified box for pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine (TMA), total viable count (TVC) and freshness evaluation using Quality  Index (QI) at a sampling period of 24 hours and sensory evaluation of processed fish using Likert scale. C. gariepinus, stored for a maximum of 48 hours with pH between 6.70 and 7.17, TVBN,  5.52 - 8.25 mg/100 g, TMA, 0.84- 2.33 mg/100g, TVC, 1.0x102 - 3.8x103 cfu/g, QI, 7 and sensory evaluations were above 4. The quality indices were within acceptable limits. It is anticipated that this would lower the amount of loss that occurs after harvest thus boosting revenues in the fish value chain and improving food and nutritional security