Production Process Of Factory Research Articles

Emancipation as an illusion: a review of factory management policies in the Soviet Union and China

ABSTRACT The emergence of industrial capitalism in the 19th century undoubtedly changed production processes in factories, and mass production theories and practices emerged for the first time in human history. Pioneers, namely Taylor and Ford, had revolutionary factory production and management innovations under industrial capitalism. However, the basic rights of workers, along with those of large factories, have been largely neglected. Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Gramsci began to formulate theories and practices of workers’ emancipation based on the mass production of industrial capitalism. As the two most important socialist countries on Earth, the Soviet Union and China have practiced emancipatory policies at the factory level based on the Marxist ideal. Through a triangular comparison model, this article examines whether the Soviet Union and China have achieved their ideals of worker emancipation. This article proposes a theory of workers’ emancipation, mainly based on the Marxist ideal, while Soviet and Chinese practices are compared horizontally. In the end, the article concludes that both the ideals of the Soviets and Chinese on workers’ emancipation have not been fully achieved despite both having some contributions to worker emancipation; the failure of achieving the emancipatory ideal rendered both countries’ claims on emancipation as mere ‘illusions.’

Evaluation of the degree of automation and digitalization using a diagnostic and analysis tool for a methodological implementation of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 is intended to drastically improve the digitalization of production processes in factories to make them more productive and efficient. In this work, the precedence relationships between automation and computerization technologies of what is now called Industry 3.0 and the operational and information technologies of Industry 4.0 are studied. As a result, some Industry 3.0 technologies are identified as prerequisites for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. Taking into account this information, a previously proposed Key Performance Indicator is enhanced to better assessing the degree of automation and digitalization of a company, and it is proposed as a novel diagnostic tool for measuring the degree of readiness to implement Industry 4.0. A real-world case study of a metal-mechanical industry company is shown as an application of the proposed diagnostic tool. Additionally, a methodology for implementation of Industry 4.0 in, principally, small and medium-sized enterprises is proposed.

Upravljanje otpadom u tekstilnoj industriji

In the management system of large companies, environmental protection is increasingly becoming one of the more important subsystems in terms of the generation of industrial waste. In order to manage the impact a factory's production process on the environment as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to control certain quality parameters of emissions into the environment, and activities to minimize the impact of emissions and pollution, from the moment the raw materials arrive until the product leaves the warehouse as a finished product. By analyzing the technological process, the method of waste management is defined, i.e. the types, composition and quantities of waste generated in the textile plants are determined. By constantly analyzing the existing waste management system, the currently implemented measures and possible shortcomings and omissions are constantly reviewed, on the basis of which measures to improve waste management are proposed. The paper describes the impact of waste management in the textile industry on the environment, i.e. examples of the management flow of industrially generated hazardous and non-hazardous waste - characterization of industrial waste, disposal methods and proposals for their reduction.

Issues of Strengthening Labour Discipline in the Years of the New Economic Policy (Case Study of the Tula Cartridge Works)

The issues of strengthening labour discipline in the years of the New Economic Policy are the subject of this research. The author examines them in the unity of factory production process and macroeconomic circumstances of the period using the example of employee behaviour of the Tula Cartridge Works munition workers. The author states that during the first years of the new period, due to the pressure of unemployment and competition on the labour market, the labour discipline of the Tula cartridge makers was changing for the better. However, the increased labour turnover and the decline in workers’ skills created serious contradictions between different categories of workers at the workshop level. Together, they defended their measure of control over workplace behaviour by formally seeking protection from workers' organisations and informally by turning to implicit resistance practices. In the second half of the 1920s the labour discipline situation in the enterprise aggravated again. The general irritation of the workers was provoked by a worsening of cash and non-cash payments they got against the background of labour intensification campaigns. Under these conditions, the management team of this enterprise, like the leaders of labour collectives throughout the country, had to adhere to a compromise tack. Overall, in the author’s opinion, an acceptable level of labor discipline was achieved within the historical context of the New Economic Policy.

小型可搬型レーザーピーニング装置による金属材料の残留応力および疲労特性の改善

The advantage of laser peening is the possibility of fine execution management and the capability to introduce deep compressive residual stresses on the material surfaces. It is well known to be highly effective in inhibiting stress corrosion cracking and fatigue cracking on material surfaces. In addition, laser peening has an excellent effect on improving the fatigue strength of welds, which compensates for the disadvantage of high strength steels when welded. Laser peening has a high potential for enhancing material surface, but the high-power laser used requires clean room facilities, large equipment and severe operating conditions. Therefore, the application of the laser peening has been limited to the mitigation of high cycle fatigue of jet engine fan blades and stress corrosion cracking of nuclear reactor structures. If microchip lasers, which are small and easy to handle, could be used as a light source for laser peening, it would be possible to apply them not only to production processes in factories but also to existing structures such as bridges, airplanes, etc. to which conventional lasers have been difficult to apply for the above reasons. In this presentation, we report the results of the laser peening treatment of A7075 (aluminum alloy) and HT780 (high strength steel) with the laser pulse energy of less than 10 mJ. Even at such a low pulse energy, compressive residual stress was imparted and fatigue properties were improved.

«AND A FLESH OF TANKS IS BEING BORN IN A FIRE...»: A PLOT ABOUT THE BIRTH OF MAGIC WEAPONS IN THE URAL LITERATURE OF THE 1940S

The article is devoted to the mythological plot about the birth of a tank - a variant of the magic weapon (Vladimir Y. Propp) which is constructed on the material of the Ural literature of the 1940s. It is shown how a tank made of the Ural metal becomes a specific locally symbol in literature, connected with the myth of a living blast furnace (or open-hearth furnace) and an «organic» factory production process.

Concrete precast rejects – treatment, characterization, and application in new concrete as recycled aggregate

This article evaluates the feasibility of using concrete waste from precast production as recycled aggregate in concrete. The processing of concrete waste employed a jaw-hammer crusher and a sieve, producing three types of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). After their characterization, RCA was incorporated in two types of concrete used in the precast factory: a flowing concrete (FC), slump 220 mm, employed in columns and beams; and the second one, a no-slump extruded concrete (NSC), used for hollow core slabs. X-Ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electronic microscopy showed phases from the hydrated cement paste and the original aggregate. Results of mechanical performance showed that RCA did not influence the compressive strength but influenced other properties such as water absorption and modulus of elasticity. Lastly, it was concluded that RCA obtained in the precast factory showed great potential to be used within the factory production process.

Workflow dependency approach for modular building construction manufacturing process using Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM)

The modular construction method is efficient for line production processes in factories. However, many modular unit production factories are having difficulty that how to prevent bottleneck effect, rework, and work congestion through the appropriate level of work packages composition by each work stations to achieve the smooth production. To solve these problems and improve production flow, the authors of this paper propose an optimized construction process at the factory production stage using a Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) that considers the process approach based on flow of construction information in work activities. To test its effectiveness, the proposed process was applied to a modular factory and was found to reduce the number of main activities from 65 to 43 in comparison with as-is processes. Using this method, a manufacturing manager can thus improve production flow by analyzing the characteristics of work activities that form the plan for the manufacturing sequence decision phase. Moreover, while modular activities are independent of main assembly, there exist strong internal dependencies among these activities such that the manager can check the quality of each module. Furthermore, the research here might help save time in the manufacturing phase in factories.

Simulation and Optimization Study on Layout Planning of Plant Factory Based on WITNESS

The emergence of plant factory has solved great restriction problem of natural environment in the traditional agriculture. Therefore, it has been the research concentrate on the facility agriculture in recent years. However, the reasonability of factory's production process and layout determines quality of the product, production efficiency and economic benefits. This paper took Wuchang Jingtian Plant Factory as an example, analyzed the production process and layout and provided a corresponding improvement scheme which was verified by the WITNESS simulation software. An optimal solution was determined from the evaluation index of production efficiency, busy rate, production cycle etc.. Besides, the simulation analysis of production cost before and after the improvement verified the improved plant factory operation is effective and feasible. This improvement scheme not only improved efficiency of production system of the plant factory, but also reduced the operating cost.

철근 밴딩기 롤러의 피로파괴 CAE 해석

The rebar factory production process involves the repetitive bending of rebars. Therefore, the fatigue failure of the rebar bending machine needs to be considered. In this paper, fatigue analysis of the rebar machine was performed using the commercial software DAFUL, which is based on MFBD (Multi Flexible Body Dynamics). The rotating roller, fixing roller and rebar were modeled by the finite element method. The rebar bending process is simulated and the mechanical stresses on the rollers are calculated. Structural analysis of the rebar bending roller was performed using the maximum bending angle of and maximum processing rebar diameter of . Then, for fatigue analysis, the S-N curve of STD-11 was. The fatigue life of rollers is estimated by modified Goodman diagram. The fatigue life range of the rotating roller is while that of the fixed roller is . STD-11 has an infinite life cycle after . Therefore, the rollers of the rebar bending machine may be expected to suffer fatigue failure. Thus, we performed a parameter study of fatigue life according to various axial radii of the fixed roller and rotating roller, and redesign of the rebar bending machine. Consequently, the axial radius of the fixed roller and rotating roller was found to be 35~37.5mm and 30~35mm, respectively, and an infinite life cycle was confirmed at these.

RISK ASSESSMENT PERUSAHAAN EXPORT SEPATU PADA BAGIAN LINE UPPER PT. X

ABSTRACTRevolution in the industry sector has been rapidly grown to fill up all the needs of the consumer products. One involves supporting advanced machinery such as “Cutting, Skiving, Stitching, Emboss Logo, Roving, Punch Hole, Juki, BrushingEdge, Hammer Over Lapping and Two Molding”. In the factory production process, there are various types of high-risk activities, especially on line upper. The main of this research is to study the risk assessment on export companies line the upper part of the shoes export company using Job Safety Analysis. This research was conducted observational crosssectional design. Observations made to the hazards and control measures. Interviews were conducted to 12 employees. Variables in this research is production activity, hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and residual risk. The results of hazard identification has been done, there are 91 known potential hazards, for risk assessment found 7 high risk and low risk 5. Machine classified as high risk on the risk assessment is roving machine, whereas low-risk is two molding machine. Control efforts on the upper line in accordance with the hierarchy of controlling a number of 91 controls, whereas for the residual risk still remains as much as 30 residual risk. Control has been applied quite well by pressing the consequences of hazards and risk management.Keywords: risk assessment, controlling, residual risk

Global Supply Chains and International Competitiveness

The emergence of global supply chains, that is the organization of production processes in factories that are part of a network of suppliers located in different countries and specialized in specific production phases, brings about a number of major changes in the way the global economy works and interacts. To explore more in detail this phenomenon from a microeconomic perspective, in this paper we provide evidence on Business Groups, that is network-like forms of hierarchical organization between legally autonomous firms spanning both within and across national borders. Exploiting a unique dataset of 270,474 headquarters controlling more than 1,500,000 (domestic and foreign) affiliates in all countries worldwide, we find that business groups account for a significant part of value-added generation in both developed and developing countries, with a prevalence in the latter. In order to characterize their boundaries, we introduce an entropy-like metric able to summarize the hierarchical complexity of a group and its trade-off between exploitation of knowledge as an input across the hierarchy and the associated communication costs. When relating these metrics to the performance of affiliates across business groups, we find a robust (albeit non-linear) positive relationship between a group’s hierarchical complexity and productivity which dominates the already known correlation between vertical integration and productivity. Results are in line with the theoretical framework of knowledge-based hierarchies developed by the literature, in which intangible assets are a complementary input in the production processes.

Robust Adaptive Position/Force Control of Mobile Manipulators: Theory and Experiments

Mobile manipulators are expected to play an important role in production processes of factories and in medical care systems of welfare business. To come up to this expectation, a mobile manipulator...

Simulating a Factory Production Process with Automated Guided Vehicles

Paper presents a simulation model of a workshop (factory) for the production of multi-layer printed circuit boards, which represents a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). Several automated guided vehicles perform the material handling.The second version of GPSS-F simulation package was used for this simulation. The model enables solving of the following problems:-determining the optimal capacity of the input, output and intermediate buffer stores of some departments in which certain segments of the production cycle (etching, lamination, drilling etc.) are carried out;-determining the capacity of the machines, i.e. production equipment, within the departments where single fragments of production cycle are carried out;-determining the optimal number of vehicles and their optimal trajectories for the transport of all resources needed to provide continuity of the production cycle.

Auto Worker Militancy and the Structure of Factory Life, 1937-1955

In June 1944 the army's Industrial Services Division flew Major A. H. Raskin to Detroit for hurried investigation of the industrial unrest that plagued the very heart of wartime America's arsenal of democracy. Raskin spoke with community, labor, and business leaders, visited the giant production facilities at Ford and Chrysler, and reviewed the records of the War Labor Board and the War Manpower Commission. War workers were unquestionably patriotic, reported Raskin, labor journalist in civilian life, but perplexing, defiant mood of rebellion and irrationality seemed to be sweeping through the million-strong work force of southeastern Michigan. The leadership of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) has found it impossible to adjust the thinking of its rank and file membership to the changed situation created by the war. As wildcat strikes and shop-floor job actions became more frequent, a breakdown of discipline threatened to shatter the usual pattern of factory administration and union authority. ' Militancy of the sort that so puzzled Raskin has increasingly attracted the interest of scholars concerned with the changing pattern of consciousness and activity exhibited by ordinary workers. Much research has been directed at understanding the complex relationship between rank-and-file workers and the production process in factory, mill, and office, especially in the early twentieth century when managers adopted policies of close supervision and rationalized work flow to win greater control of the factory work environment. The rearguard battle waged by skilled workers against this process has received much attention; the resistance or accommodation of the unskilled, relatively less.2 While historians have recently begun to probe the unionization process