Production Process Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Greening up the fight against emerging contaminants: algae-based nanoparticles for water remediation

AbstractNanoparticles are commonly used for different purposes, including as photocatalysts, biosensors, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. Recently, the synthesis of nanoparticles via biological techniques has become popular due to cost efficiency, sustainability, and the least secondary pollutants generation. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are primarily used to synthesize bio-nanoparticles. Algae-based nanoparticles have gained more attention due to their catalytic activity against emerging organic contaminants such as dyes, phenols, and organosulfur compounds. Nevertheless, a systemic evaluation of the potential of algae-based nanoparticles in environmental remediation is yet to be conducted. This paper reviews recent progress in the biosynthesis of algae-based nanoparticles and the potential use of algae-based nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Furthermore, the review examines the factors that affect the properties and behaviors of algae-based nanoparticles. Additionally, the review briefly discusses other medical and industrial applications as well as advantages over physically and chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Challenges associated with the production process and usage of algae-based nanoparticles are also discussed, including the difficulty of predicting the properties of nanoparticles and adapting to large-scale processes. Overall, algae-based nanoparticles have several advantages, including their high stability and surface activity due to the presence of surface functional groups from algae species used for the synthesis of algae-based nanoparticles. However, further research is required to address the knowledge gaps and potential key research areas. Graphical Abstract

A compact 3D printed magnetically stirred tank reactor cascade coupled with a free impinging jet for continuous production of colloidal nanoparticles

Most colloidal nanoparticle production processes involve more than one step, such as particle nucleation, growth and stabilisation, that often take place at different time scales. Flow chemistry offers an attractive platform for nanoparticle synthesis, as it can provide excellent control of conditions for each individual step. In this work, a free impinging jet reactor (FIJR), known for its rapid mixing capability and fouling-proof operation, is followed by a cascade of 5 miniaturised (3 ml) continuous stirred tank reactors (mCSTR) that provides longer residence time and efficient temperature control for subsequent synthesis steps, while still being resistant to clogging due to active mixing. The small (0.1 mm) diameter nozzle design allowed the FIJR to provide excellent mixing even at relatively low flowrates (2 ml/min/jet). The mCSTR cascade was arranged in a vertical configuration (one tank on top of another), offering a compact design that is simple to use and requiring only one magnetic stirrer. It provided near-ideal macromixing with limited dead volumes and interconnections, as reflected by a residence time distribution comparable with the theoretical one for a CSTR cascade. Most parts of the reactor system were 3D printed with features that facilitated the assembly. The proposed FIJR design overcomes the accuracy limitations of 3D printing by combining it with micromilling to achieve one of the smallest FIJR reported and by allowing for rotation of the nozzles to easily resolve issues with jet alignment. The reactor system was employed for the synthesis of colloidal (∼10 nm size) silver nanoparticles via NaBH4 reduction of AgNO3, in a 0.06 g/day scale for 50 min continuous operation and (∼6 nm core size) iron oxide nanoparticles via co-precipitation of Fe3+/Fe2+, producing colloidally stable nanoparticles in a 16.1 g/day scale for over 2 h continuous operation.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Cymodocea Serrulata Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities.

Introduction The utilization of Cymodocea serrulata for the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which contain distinguishable nanostructures, presents a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative for producing zinc nanoparticles. The production process of zinc nanoparticles are rich in phytochemicals, which can serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Zinc nanoparticles can easily pass through bacterial cell walls and reach all cellular components. C. serrulata, is a small submerged angiosperm commonly found in submerged and tidal coastal environments. Aim Analysis of the biological activities of zinc oxidenanoparticles made from C. serrulata leaf extract. Materials and Methods Dry leaves of C. serrulata were ground into a powder, which was then placed into a conical flask and filled with water. Subsequently, the color of the mixture turned black. Next, a 20 mm piece of ZnO was dissolved in a 60 ml sample of distilled water to prepare the metal solution. Following this, a wavelength scan ranging from 200 to 700 nm was conducted using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. After shaking the solution for an hour, a final reading was taken across the UV spectrum. The synthetic sample should also be centrifuged to remove any pellets and subsequently dried in a hot air oven. Result Using nanoscale profiling, the average particle size was measured and found to be less than 100 nm, specificallyUV spectrum analysis revealed a notable absorbance value of 47.0 nm, at different angles within the peak height. The wavelength range of the zinc nanoparticles was observed to be between 250 and 350 nm. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs have been demonstrated through in vitro investigations, indicating their potential application in in vivo studies.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibition Effects of Chestnut (Castanea sativa) Honey-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles.

In this study, chestnut honey-based silver nanoparticles (CH-AgNPs) were synthesized at different temperatures (30, 60 and 90 °C) and these nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the obtained nanoparticles. The inhibition effects of these nanoparticles for some clinically important enzymes such as myeloperoxidase and collagenase were investigated. In addition, the disk diffusion method (DDM), agar well diffusion (AWD), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques were used to determine the antibacterial activity of CH-AgNPs. In honey-based silver nanoparticle production processes using green synthesis, it was determined that the nanoparticle sizes decreased from 55 to 27 nm with an increase in temperature. In addition, it was determined that the rate of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (36.4% to 34.0%) and collagenase enzymes (74.2% to 68.7%) increased with a decrease in particle size. As a result of the antibacterial activity tests, it was observed that CH-AgNPs have antibacterial activity against all target pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The obtained results show that CH-AgNPs produced using chestnut honey have the potential to be used in fields such as medicine, pharmacy and cosmetic technology.

UV–visible absorption spectroscopy for in-line API concentration measurement in nanoparticle production process using controlled expansion of supercritical solutions (CESS®)

Most new small drug molecules in pharmaceutical development require improvement of solubility. The controlled expansion of supercritical solutions (CESS®) process is a nanoparticle production technology, dedicated to enhancing the dissolution rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) suffering from poor solubility and enabling novel drug delivery opportunities. In this process, the API is dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and nanoparticles are formed through controlled pressure reduction. To improve process visibility and control, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was incorporated into CESS® process as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool. The tool quantifies the amount of API dissolved in scCO2 during the solubilization phase of the process. Sample interfacing of the UV-Vis spectrometer was done with a custom-made pressure and temperature rated transmission flow-through cell. In-process calibration was developed to correlate the UV-Vis absorption spectra to the API concentration. Due to the density-dependent molar absorption coefficient of API in scCO2, the calibration was done for each combination of temperature and pressure. The developed PAT tool provides insight into the process enabling real-time API quantity estimation. It also facilitates process development through Quality by Design (QbD) and offers a system for enhanced process control and troubleshooting. For instance, the in-line API concentration data allows one to study the solubilization behavior of the API in the process and to optimize the process parameters in order to maximize throughput.

Solubility of Ketoconazole (antifungal drug) in SC-CO2 for binary and ternary systems: measurements and empirical correlations

One of the main steps in choosing the drug nanoparticle production processes by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is determining the solubility of the solid solute. For this purpose, the solubility of Ketoconazole (KTZ) in the SC-CO2, binary system, as well as in the SC-CO2-menthol (cosolvent), ternary system, was measured at 308–338 K and 12–30 MPa using the static analysis method. The KTZ solubility in the SC-CO2 ranged between 0.20 × 10–6 and 8.02 × 10–5, while drug solubility in the SC-CO2 with cosolvent varied from 1.2 × 10–5 to 1.96 × 10–4. This difference indicated the significant effect of menthol cosolvent on KTZ solubility in the SC-CO2. Moreover, KTZ solubilities in the two systems were correlated by several empirical and semiempirical models. Among them, Sodeifian et al., Bian et al., MST, and Bartle et al. models can more accurately correlate experimental data for the binary system than other used models. Also, the Sodeifian and Sajadian model well fitted the solubility data of the ternary system with AARD% = 6.45, Radj = 0.995.

Yeşil sentez yoluyla mikrosistemlerde çinko oksit nanopartiküllerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu

Nanoparticles (NP), which can be produced for many different fields and purposes; are at size vary from nanometer to a micrometer. These particles can be prepared by different approaches such as chemical, physical and biological methods. However, the biological approach is the most promising approach among other methods due to its simplicity and environmentally friendly conditions. The production of the nanoparticle by means of a biological approach does not require any high temperature, acidic/basic conditions and hazardous chemicals. Therefore, this method is named “green synthesis”. Development in microtechnology has had profound effects in many areas such as drug discovery, biology, diagnosis, and tissue engineering. Microfluidics which focuses on the processing of liquids in microscale systems has attracted wide attention in the production process of nanoparticles due to precise control and fast mixing. The main purpose of this study is to produce and characterize metal nanoparticles by combining microsystems and green synthesis approaches. For this purpose, in the first step, the design of microsystems that suitable for the flow of different phases was performed. In the second step, ZnO nanoparticle synthesis was carried out using the red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata f. Rubra) extracts. The synthesis of nanoparticles achieved by optimizing different parameters such as; extract: zinc ratio, zinc solution concentration, flow rates, and flow rates ratio in the microsystem and temperature. The results showed that the herbal red cabbage components can be used for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.

Optimization and screening of solid lipid nanoparticle production for gene delivery by factorial design and response surface methodology

Aim: A successful gene therapy requires a delivery system for overcoming various biological barriers. For this, we adapted the factorial design and response surface methodology to the cationic solid lipid nanoparticle production process. Methods: Screening and optimization of formulations were carried out with factorial design with 3 factors and 3 levels using Box-Behnken Design. Then, solid lipid nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized. Furthermore, optimal SLN formulation is examined in terms of complex formation with plasmid DNA, its protection potential against nucleases, cytotoxicity profile, and storage stability. Results: Response-surface analyses demonstrated that the selected quadratic model holds significance for particle size and zeta potential. The interaction of independent variables was statistically determined. Optimization and prediction were performed using obtained second-order polynomial equations. Optimal formulation and complexes were found to be nanosized, positively charged and their polydispersity-index values below 0.3 as an indicator of being monodispersed. Cytotoxicity of the optimal formulation is compatible for further studies and no significant increase was observed in particle size until day 21 and until day 60 for polydispersity-index. Conclusion: Optimal formulation provides a good basis as a gene delivery system was produced with developed systematic. Briefly, this methodology could be used to obtain SLNs with desired conditions.

Improving antioxidant effect of phenolic extract of Mentha piperita using nanoencapsulation process

In the present investigation, effect of chitosan, Alyssum homolocarpum gum (AHG) and complex (1:1) of chitosan and AHG (CCA) on the properties of nanoencapsulated Mentha piperita phenolic extract (polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, release of phenolic compounds and evaluating effect of nanoencapsulation process on the antioxidant activity of phenolic extract of M. piperita in the soybean oil) was studied. The use of a high-pressure homogenizer, at pressure of 11,000 psi, reduced the particle size of W/O/W nanoemulsions coated with chitosan, CCA, and AHG, with a diameter of 108.66, 65.18, and 70.81 nm, respectively. Moreover, the PDI of nanoemulsions in AHG and CCA in all conditions was lower than 0.5, indicating the uniform size distribution and thus the success of the nanoparticle production process. The Intensity curve also showed that the emulsion generated by CCA had better emulsion droplets than the others due to its lower curve width and therefore greater uniformity. Also, the amount of ζ-potential of droplets of emulsions coated with chitosan, CCA and AHG were 28.69, 20.16 and − 37.4 mV, respectively. The results of the peroxide and p-anisidine test revealed that CCA extract caused the best oxidative stability in soybean oil, followed by AHG and chitosan, respectively, which were consistent with the results of the phenolic release test. Gradual and more release of phenolic compounds over time in the CCA-coated sample was superior to other samples.

Mechanical properties of nanomaterials: A review

Abstract As an emerging material, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their small size, surface effect and quantum tunneling effect, as well as potential applications in traditional materials, medical devices, electronic devices, coatings and other industries. Herein, the influence of nanoparticle selection, production process, grain size, and grain boundary structures on the mechanical properties of nanomaterials is introduced. The current research progress and application range of nano-materials are presented. The unique properties of nano-materials make them superior over traditional materials. Therefore, nanomaterials will have a broader application prospect in the future. Research on nanomaterials is significant for the development and application of materials science.

Biosynthesis of silica nanoparticle using Saccharomyces cervisiae and its application on enhanced oil recovery

Using nanotechnology to increase the recovery of oil reservoirs can be a good way to meet energy demand, in order to increase oil production and reduce production costs. Biotechnology of nanoparticles using microorganisms as an environmentally friendly research field in nanotechnology around the world is a rapid development and is considered as a substitute for conventional and physical chemical methods. Optimizing processes can lead to morphology, control of the size and speed of nanoparticle synthesis reactions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to build a reflection on the current status and future projects, and in particular the feasibility and limitations of the biotechnology approach proposed in the oil industry. In this research, Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast has been used for biochemical production of silica nanoparticles. This yeast is cultivated in its own culture medium. This yeast solution made after the addition of Sodium Silicate Precursor placed in the proper conditions of growth, i.e., temperature of 29 °C, away from the types of contamination and the passage of time, reducing the silica nanoparticles from the initial precursor. In this research, after performing the silica nanoparticle production processes, identification tests such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS and TGA are performed. Then, in order to investigate the effect of this nanoparticle on the production efficiency of the oil, these nanoparticles were added to injectable solutions to an oil-wet micro-model with different concentrations of 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. It was observed that the difference in the effect of nanoparticles produced by the biochemical method and commercial nanoparticles purchased in the injection process and on the measurement of the production efficiency of oil was that biosynthesized nanoparticles increased oil production efficiency by about 5–7 percent relative to commercial nanoparticles.

Engineering and Economic Evaluation Perspective in the Production of NiO Nanoparticles

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been proven and can be used in a variety of important applications. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the production process of NiO nanoparticles using the industrial co-precipitation method in terms of engineering and economic evaluation. Specifically, research was conducted by varying raw materials, product selling prices (GPM), equipment prices, and number of employees, which are compared with several economic parameters such as total investment cost (TIC), gross profit margin (GPM), break even point (BEP), payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV), and cumulative net present value (CNPV). The results showed that the PBP analysis showed that the investment would be profitable after more than 4 years with minimum product sales (GPM) of at least 90% and an increase in the price of raw materials no more than 15% of the ideal price. From this economic evaluation analysis, we can conclude that this project is feasible to run.

Study on nanoparticle production process characteristics in transferred arc plasma system using heat and mass balance

The nanoparticle production process in a transferred arc plasma system was studied. The plasma temperature, particle heating time, and particle residence time in plasma were calculated using heat and mass balance with a lumped capacitance method. We analyzed the nanoparticle production characteristics based on different operating conditions by comparing the particle vaporization time with the particle residence time in the plasma. The limit size for particle vaporization was derived. With higher plasma power, the nanoparticle production rate increased and the energy consumption rate decreased. It was confirmed that the energy consumption rate reaches an optimal point according to the plasma power. Experiments to determine the nanoparticle production rate according to plasma power were also conducted and the experimental data were compared with numerical values. The results show that the error rate between the numerical values and experimental data was approximately ±18%. Therefore, the developed model which was studied could be useful for designing nanoparticle production process using a transferred arc plasma system because of its simple approach.

Microwave-Induced Plasma-In-Liquid Process for Nanoparticle Production

Abstract In the past decades, various nanomaterials have been intensively developed because of their unique electrical, optical, magnetic as well as catalytic properties. In this review, we discuss the plasma-in-liquid process, especially the microwave-induced plasma-in-liquid process (MWPLP), for metal and metal oxide nanoparticle production. Various types of plasma systems have been employed to produce metal, alloy, and metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanoparticle production by plasma processes usually requires fewer chemical additives compared to other chemical processes. After discussing the bottom-up approach and the plasma-in-liquid process for nanoparticle synthesis, we have focused on MWPLP. Various apparatus systems and detailed mechanisms of MWPLP will be discussed and preparation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by MWPLP will be introduced in detail. The surface-coated-electrode system, which is a unique system for MWPLP, is also discussed in this review. This system prevents sample contamination due to the metal components, which are usually ejected into the surrounding liquid after plasma ignition during the production of nanoparticles.

Toward enhancement of rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor for CaCO3 nanoparticle synthesis

Intensification of CaCO3 nanoparticle production process through RPB is investigated in this work. More controllability attainment for a process is one of the objectives in the process intensification. Therefore, the study of the affecting factors on quality and quantity of the produced nanoparticles is very important. The suitable device was designed and manufactured for CO2 and Ca(OH)2 reaction and crystallization in the nanoparticle form. The effect of packing type, rotating speed, gas and liquid flowrates was studied on the reaction time, the precipitation amount and the particle size in the liquid phase, according to the analysis of experiments designed based on the standard method. The results showed that the obtained particles in the system equipped with the Saddle type packing have smaller size compared to the system equipped with Pall type one. A theoretical model has been proposed to estimate the intermediate species, supersaturation, induction time and theoretical precipitation amount. The model implies that pH 11.4 is the best condition to have higher product rate. In addition, a new residence time distribution model for the recycled systems is proposed and experimentally evaluated for the setup.

Characterization of the state of nanoparticle aggregation in non-equilibrium plasma synthesis systems

Non-equilibrium plasmas offer a unique environment for nanoparticle synthesis. Particles are homogeneously nucleated and grow at near room temperature as a result of non-thermal decomposition of vapor precursors by electrons and other plasma-excited species. Despite their widespread use, several features regarding particle growth in these systems remain poorly understood. In particular, particle aggregation (the formation of non-spherical entities composed of primary particles) is assumed to be negligible because of unipolar particle charging and subsequent Coulombic repulsion, which would hinder collisional growth. Here, we apply ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to a non-thermal, atmospheric pressure DC microplasma to study the state of aggregation of as-synthesized nanoparticles. Under all examined synthesis conditions, we find the presence of highly branched, chain-like aggregates at the reactor outlet, with a primary particle radius below 10 nm that is relatively insensitive to synthesis conditions. The aggregates are polydisperse, with mean masses and mobility diameters increasing with both increasing precursor concentration and increasing flow residence time within the system. TEM structural characterization shows that the aggregates can be described by a quasifractal model, with a fractal dimensions in the 1.6–2.0 range. The mass-mobility relationship inferred from IM-MS and TEM agrees well with Langevin dynamics simulations where coulomb interactions are not considered. We suggest that particle aggregation occurs either in the plasma volume due to the scavenging of smaller neutral or positively charged particles by growing aggregates or outside the reactor where the plasma density is lower and electrons are not available to maintain high levels of unipolar charge. The methods applied here additionally demonstrate the potential of IM-MS and TEM structural characterization in analyzing gas-phase nanoparticle production processes.

Recycling copper nanoparticles from printed circuit board waste etchants via a microemulsion process

Abstract Recently, over 60 million liters of 10–15% copper-containing waste etchants (CCWEs) solution generated from printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing are disposed of in Taiwan annually. The CCWEs are mainly composed of copper chloride, hydrochloric acid, and water. Since the disposal of etchants without proper treatment has posed an environmental problem, expensive separation or storage methods have been previously used; however, these have not been effective or successful. Therefore, the resource recovery of these undesired waste etchants in the form of copper nanoparticles would be economically and environmentally attractive. Experimentally, copper nanoparticles have been recovered from CCWEs by microemulsion at controllable ambient temperature and pressure. The properties of copper nanoparticles were further analyzed using XRPD, FE–SEM, TEM or XANES/EXAFS spectroscopy. From the FE–SEM or TEM microphotos, most spherical-shaped nanoparticles with diameters of 20–50 nm were observed. It showed that these nanoparticles were well dispersed and without any agglomeration. Moreover, the pH values increased with decreasing particle sizes of copper nanoparticles in the synthetic processes. The XRPD patterns showed that the nanophase precipitates have metallic copper and Cu2O crystalline structures. The existence of the Cu(0) or Cu(I) was also confirmed by XANES or XPS spectroscopy. The metallic Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles with a cubic lattice structure were observed by EPR. The synthesized copper nanoparticle with a CueO (Cu–(O)eCu) bond distance of 1.85 ± 0.02 A (2.69 ± 0.02 A) and a coordination number of 1.39 ± 0.25 (3.5 ± 0.25) was also measured by EXAFS spectroscopy. The surface of the synthesized copper nanoparticles was modified using lauric acid sodium and dispersed in water for over 7 h after ultrasonic dispersion treatment. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid containing copper nanoparticles was proportional to the weight percent of copper nanoparticles. A designed production process of copper nanoparticles for industrial PCB waste etchant recycling via a microemulsion method was also proposed. Payback of 10-TPD and 20-TPD recycling processes of PCB waste etchants for copper nanoparticle production were 2.63 and 2.35 years, respectively.

A coupled CFD-PBM and thermodynamic analysis of continuous supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles

The coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Population Balance Model (PBM) and the Gibbs-energy minimization based thermodynamic model are presented for the continuous supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nanopartices. The coupled model is tested with published experimental data of ceria nanoparticle synthesis. Three different flow configurations of the T-mixer are evaluated based on the mixing index, an average temperature of the mixture, product particle size distribution (PSD), and time scales for various stages of nanoparticle production. The product PSD is broader, when back-mixing is dominant, whereas it is narrower when mixing is limited over a small volume. Time scale analysis reveals that the overall synthesis process can be either reaction controlled or mixing controlled based on the flow configuration and operating conditions. Further, scaling relationships between an average particle size and the process conditions are derived for three flow configurations, which are useful for design and optimization of the hydrothermal process for nanoparticle production.

Energy Efficiency and Scalability of Metallic Nanoparticle Production Using Arc/Spark Discharge

The increased global demand for metallic nanoparticles for an ever growing number of applications has given rise to a need for larger scale and more efficient nanoparticle (NP) production processes. In this paper one such process is evaluated from the viewpoints of scalability and energy efficiency. Multiple setups of different scale of an arc/spark process were evaluated for energy efficiency and scalability using exergy analysis, heat loss evaluation and life cycle impact assessment, based on data collected from EU FP7 project partners. The energy efficiency of the process is quite low, with e.g., a specific electricity consumption (SEC) of producing ~80 nm copper NP of 180 kWh/kg while the thermodynamic minimum energy need is 0.03 kWh/kg. This is due to thermal energy use characteristics of the system. During scale-up of the process the SEC remained similar to that of smaller setups. Loss of NP mass in the tubing of larger setups gives a lower material yield. The variation in material yield has a significant impact on the life cycle impact for the produced NP in both the Human Health and Ecosystem Quality categories while the impact is smaller in the Global Warming and Resource Depletion categories.

High throughput fiber reactor process for organic nanoparticle production: Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), polyacrylamide, and alginate

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present research was to scale microfluidic technology to a high throughput system using a fiber reactor platform. The nanoparticles studied are used in nanomedicine as drug delivery devices or “cages.” This process complements new research into skid‐based pharmaceutical production. Alginate nanoparticles were successfully generated in this process ranging in size from 23 to 151 nm with 424 g/day throughput. Polyacrylamide (PAm) nanoparticles were also formed and crosslinked with sizes ranging from 79 to 117 nm with 662 g/day throughput. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) nanoparticles with a size range of 12 to 63 nm and 650 g/day were produced as well. Both one‐ and two‐phase flows were demonstrated. The effects of changes in various process parameters on the formed nanoparticle morphology are documented. Tunable process control is demonstrated to reliably manipulate the PNIPAm nanoparticle lower critical solution temperature. Process temperature affected the mean diameter and size dispersity of all the nanoparticles. This was postulated to be due to a shearing effect arising from carrier viscosity changes. Flow rate affected the average particle diameter by 10%–30%, and temperature could be used to tune the NP diameter by 50% across a moderate process temperature range of 5 to 25 °C. The PDI was very responsive to process temperature as well, decreasing by almost 50% across the same temperature range. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45524.