Production Of Thermal Insulation Materials Research Articles

Development of cellular construction material-based flax shives: Physico-mechanical and thermal characterisation

The reduction of energy consumption in construction, production of thermal insulation materials, and the solution of environmental problems by recycling by-product derived several industrial sectors are becoming greater problems. In this context, vegetable by-products are an excellent alternative product to substitute mineral aggregates because they are easily available and renewable low-cost raw materials, and have higher advantage for economy and environment concerns. The viability of using vegetable materials such as flax shives for developing a sustainable Lightweight Cellular Construction Material (LCCM) is investigated in this paper. The produced material containing different volumes of flax shives (0V (control specimen), 1V, and 2V) was lightened by creating a porous structure in the matrix through a chemical reaction between Aluminium powder and free lime from pre-formulated Tradical PF70 binder. A study conducted on hardened material properties has indicated a significant reduction in sample unit weight, thereby resulting in a level of compressive strength compatible with a load-bearing wall. The reduction in flexural strength was lower than that in compressive strength. This study has also highlighted the effect of the porous structure on the thermal conductivity that lead to provide a high degree of thermal insulation. These results show that the cellular material based on flax particle can be used as suitable insulated load-bearing walls.

ТЕРМОДЕСТРУКЦИЯ СТЕБЛЕЙ БОРЩЕВИКА СОСНОВСКОГО, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ МОНОЭТАНОЛАМИН (N→B)-ТРИГИДРОКСИБОРАТОМ

In the presented work, the process of thermodegradation of unmodified and borazote-modified crushed stems of Sosnovsky's Heracleum by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was investigated. The general purpose of the study is to determine the decomposition temperature of the main chemical components and the values of mass loss of unmodified and modified crushed stems of Sosnovsky's heracleum to establish the conditions for the production of thermal insulation materials based on modified crushed stems. The concentration of the used modifier was 10%, 30% and 50% of monoethanolamine(N→B)trihydroxyborate (MEATHB). The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the use of 30% and 50% MEATHB modifier reduced the magnitude of mass loss compared to the control samples. Thus, the optimal concentration of the modifier different 30% was established for the manufacture of composites from modified crushed stems of Sosnovsky's heracleum with the possibility of processing and/or drying at temperatures less than 100°C.

Recycling of organic residues to produce insulation composites: A review

The building sector accounts for high energy consumption, and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is considered a key measure to meet the climate goals worldwide. Even though there are various residual biomass streams available that show good thermal insulation properties, most applied thermal insulation materials are of mineral or synthetic polymer basis and non-biodegradable. To foster the application of bio-based thermal insulation materials, the aim of this study was an investigation of bio-composite- and mycelium-based boards and mats currently available or under research and their thermal insulation properties. The focus was laid on the treatment of various biomasses using fungi to enhance their application in the building sector as well as their thermal insulation properties. The different materials were compared regarding density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, water vapour resistance, water absorption, fire performance, and mechanical properties. This work provides the basis for selecting residual biomass streams to produce case-specific thermal insulation materials. • Biomasses were highlighted for production of thermal insulation materials • Properties of insulation materials have been clarified • Possibilities to improve properties have been shown • Mycelium-based composites are particularly interesting as insulation materials

Thermal insulation material based on reed and straw fibres bonded with sodium silicate and rosin

The most used insulating materials have advantageous characteristics for construction, such as low cost, but at the same time, have significant disadvantages such as the environmental footprint. Plant raw materials are a significant reserve for the production of thermal insulation materials in various regions of the world. The results of practical experimental studies indicate promising results on the use of crop waste as a raw material for obtaining thermal insulation materials with high thermal insulation characteristics.

Superelastic and robust carbonaceous nanofibrous aerogel with high pressure-sensitivity, excellent thermal insulation and high photothermal-conversion efficiency

Carbonaceous aerogels have attracted extensive research interest due to their impressive physical properties such as high porosity, high electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and low density. However, the low durability of the aerogels under compression is a concern. In this work, superelastic, multimodal porous, chitin-derived carbonaceous nanofibrous aerogel (CAs) whose mechanical properties were tunable were prepared by a facile and cost-efficient carbonization method. The CAs exhibited remarkable elasticity and stability under compression, even under extreme temperatures. After the CAs had been subjected to one loading-and-unloading cycle under the compressive strain (ɛ) of 50%, the CAs exhibited a very low energy-loss coefficient (0.15). Moreover, the CAs maintained their structural integrity with little deterioration of mechanical properties after 1000 cycles. The structural stability and the superelasticity of the CAs conferred the materials a fast and accurate piezoresistive response, which renders it promising for the fabrication of pressure sensor with a high gauge factor (GF, 14.24) under low ɛ (up to 2%). Furthermore, the biomass-derived cost-efficient CAs demonstrated high photothermal-conversion efficiency of solar energy (96.4%) and excellent thermal insulation. Therefore, the CAs exhibit potential applications in the fabrication of pressure sensors, the production of thermal-insulation materials, and the desalination of seawater.

Raw Sheep Wool Management for Thermal Insulation Materials: The Case of Lithuania

ABSTRACT Raw sheep wool preparation processes are closely related to the use of environmentally harmful raw materials. To solve this problem, alternative ways of cleaning wool, often called environmentally friendly, are being sought. In this research, the possibilities of using Lithuanian wool for the production of thermal insulation materials were investigated. For this purpose, 4 tons of raw wool of different breeds of sheep was selected from various Lithuanian sheep breeders’ farms. Sources of impurities in wool were identified and the amount of fat in wool was assessed. After the initial re-selection, the wool was washed in different modes and with different detergents. The recycled and washed wool was supplied to the factory for the production of thermal insulation material.The aim of this work is to identify the main sources of wool impurities, analyze the quality of wool of different sheep breeds from different farms and evaluate the washing efficiency of different detergents and methods for different sheep breeds wool, and evaluate the quality of prepared wool raw material during different actual production processes. The results of the research provide preconditions for the improvement of thermal insulation materials of the sheep wool production and its quality management.

USE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION FOR SEPARATION OF LIQUID GLASS HEAT INSULATION MATERIALS

The study of the thermal insulation market of Ukraine showed that the market is dominated by aerated concrete and silicates, which are used as thermal insulation materials at an average density of 300-500 kg / m3. Their disadvantages include high values of water absorption and hygroscopicity, as well as very low flexural strength, because this material does not have elasticity and the use of small bending forces leads to its cracking. Foam glass has a set of operational properties that meet the highest regulatory requirements. Foam glass is the strongest of all effective thermal insulation materials, but this material is fragile. It is sensitive to vibration - induced damage. In addition, the technology of production of foam glass is quite complex and requires high energy consumption, as a consequence, the cost of this material is high. Therefore, it was important to develop thermal insulation material with the appropriate level of performance while reducing production costs. This was achieved by using energy-saving microwave technology to swell liquid glass materials. This technology is based on the simultaneous swelling of the liquid glass granulate and the binder under microwave radiation, which, due to the volumetric heating of the liquid glass composition, allows to obtain a strong monolithic material with a rigid, homogeneous and mostly closed-porous structure. The production of thermal insulation materials is proposed to be carried out on the basis of liquid glass granulate, because the introduction of granules reduces the deformability and shrinkage of the material and prevents its cracking, increases its strength, because the granular material has a certain plastic deformation, reduces water hygroscopicity. granules swell to form a compacted shell, which slows down the absorption kinetics of water and its vapor. The monolithic granules are proposed to be carried out with a binder that foams not only due to the release of water, but also with the help of a gasifier, because this technology will allow uniform distribution of the binder in the intergranular space, thus forming a more homogeneous structure of the material, which has a positive effect on its physical and mechanical characteristics.

Possibility of Tuff Waste Application in the Production of Thermal Insulation Materials

Possible methods of dust, sand and gravel waste involvement during tuff mining for production of modern thermal-insulating construction materials using energy-efficient technologies are presented. The possibility of using the valuable properties of these wastes for the production of modern competitive materials and products, particularly clinkerless binders, artificial porous fillers, foam concrete, etc is described. The volcanic rocks, which have a glass-like structure, i.e. easily modified, give the system sufficient energy potential, which is accumulated in the rock, allowing work to be performed through chemical reaction. The possibility of increasing rock reactivity both by mechanical (crushing, grinding) and chemical methods (creation of basic, sulfate environments) is presented.
 It has been theoretically substantiated and practically confirmed that by using the waste materials it is possible to obtain artificial construction conglomerates of various structures using resource-saving technologies and the activities of rocks endowed with nature. The composition of concrete with a cellular structure has been developed and its physical and mechanical characteristics have been brought forth.

Use of fibre waste as a binder

Introduction.The need for a more efficient and varied use of waste from the pulp and paper industry dictates the need to search for new directions for the use of such waste in construction materials science technologies.Materials and methods.In the studies the fibre waste of the Perm Cardboard LLC company with a moisture content after washing of 300% by weight was used. Currently, many issues of theory and practice the production of materials from the fibre waste are not entirely solved, resulting in a number of provisions borrowed from the theory of the production of concrete mineral aggregates, as well as the production of pulp and paper industry.Results.Due to its chemical and material composition, the possibility of using the fibre waste in construction materials science technologies as an independent air binder is shown. The studies have established that the initial moisture content of the fibre waste as a binder affects the final quality indicators of a dry material. Thus, the lowest dry material density of 350 kg/m3 is observed at the initial humidity of the mixture in the range of 650% by weight. At a density of 350 kg/m3, the hygroscopicity of the material is 4.3%, the shrinkage from 10 to 25%. The drying time of the product is within 11 hours. A leveling high shrinkage is achieved by introducing light aggregates with a rough surface during the molding process.Discussion and conclusions.The obtained data on the structure, the composition of the fibre waste, as well as the dependence and regularities of the behavior of a highly concentrated dispersed system of the ‘fibre waste-water’ type show the possibility of using the fibre waste for the production of thermal insulation materials, both as a main component and in a composition with aggregates as an independent air binder. At the same time, the final density indicators of thermal insulation products are within the limits established by regulatory documents.

Использование нефтяного шлама в производстве легковесного кирпича

Efficient utilization of multi-tonnage oil sludge is one of the most pressing environmental problems. Since natural raw materials are currently depleted, it is necessary to involve oil sludge in the production turnover for the production of lightweight bricks. At the same time, the costs of geological exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are exempt from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. Waste from oil production with an increased content of calorific value is advisable to use not only as a thinning agent, but also as burn-out additives for the production of thermal insulation materials, which include lightweight bricks. A lightweight brick, which belongs to class B with high physical and mechanical properties, was obtained.

Issues of environmental, economic and practical recycling for the use of the fuel and energy complex for the production of thermal insulation materials

Issues of environmental, economic and practical recycling for the use of the fuel and energy complex for the production of thermal insulation materials

ВОЛОКНА ДИОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ КАК КОМПОНЕНТ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ТЕПЛОИЗОЛЯЦИИ (обзор)

Based on the analysis of recent publications of scientific and technical literature, data on the production of zirconium oxide fibers used for the manufacture of high-temperature thermal insulation materials are presented. Information is provided on various methods of obtaining zirconium oxide fibers (methods of impregnation of the template and molding of the mixture, sol-gel method of spinning a fiber-forming precursor solution), as well as on the technique of fiber molding (manual pulling, dry and wet spinning, blowing and electrospinning). The use of such fibers for the production of thermal insulation materials (felts, cords and blocks) instead of currently existing materials made of aluminum oxide-based fibers can significantly increase the operating temperatures of the thermal protection systems.

Thermal insulation materials based on water hyacinth for application in sustainable buildings

The constant increase in environmental pollution and consumption of energy has prompted the construction industry to focus on thermal insulation. Non-renewable resources are commonly used for the production of thermal insulation materials. Therefore, a number of issues arise relating to the reuse or recycle of such materials. Also, a huge amount of energy is required for their production. Yet, another major issue of concern in India is the aquatic weed infestation in water bodies. Invasive weeds such as water hyacinth (WH) are posing severe environmental as well as economic issues. A potential remedy for these waste disposal and high dependence on non-renewable materials are the conversions of these aquatic weeds into sustainable construction material. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the utilization of WH petioles as a raw material resource for the production of thermal insulation material. The methodology to design the water hyacinth cement composite panel and its properties such as bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength areincluded in this paper. The WH was collected; petioles were separated, sun-dried, milled into smaller particle sizes, and blend with a homogenous paste of cement and water. The homogenous mixture was poured into a mould and was compacted to produce the thermal insulation boards. The panel boards were made with water hyacinth particles that pass through 2.36 mm sieve. Water to water hyacinth ratio (w: WH) and the water hyacinth-cement ratio (WH: cement) used in the present work are 1.75 and 60: 40 respectively. In this paper, a comparative study between the thermal insulation materials made from WH with agro-waste based panel board and conventional thermal insulation materials are also included. This study indicates that WH biomass resources are a very good candidate for developing thermal insulation material and the correct combination of WH is absolutely comparable with conventional materials.

PRODUCTION OF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIAL BASED ON VOLCANIC ASH DEPOSITS OF PRIMAGADANYA

Modern technologies are not standing still, and scientists are trying not only to invent new building materials, but also to find non-standard use of various raw materials that were previously considered unsuitable for use. Innovative technologies are actively used for modern construction of buildings, in particular, some types of new materials are used in the construction of various facilities. This is especially true in areas where it is not possible to import or use ordinary building materials for various reasons. Often, when designing a building, developers are wondering whether it is worth making the house warm during construction, and which insulation for the walls of the house is better to choose. This article addresses the question of which insulation for walls is most suitable for construction. The most common are mineral insulation, which are represented on the market today in the form of basalt slabs, fiberglass, etc. They have such advantages as low thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation and vapor permeability. The article presents a table with comparative performance characteristics of a mineral wool stone slab and a fiberglass slab. Stone or basalt wool has several advantages. It is able to withstand significant temperatures and temperature changes, the mats are easy to transport, convenient to install. In our opinion, a serious alternative to basalt in the production of thermal insulation materials is volcanic ash. One of the main features of volcanic ash are its building qualities, such as good thermal insulation and an environmentally friendly composition. Since here we are considering the possibility of producing insulation materials based on volcanic ash, we performed a thermal calculation of the enclosing structures. Also in the tables are the costs of transportation of volcanic ash from the field to the point of the proposed production of insulating material. Volcanic ash can be widely used in countries with high volcanic activity as an inexpensive raw material for the manufacture of building materials. It does not require additional processing and has a number of useful properties.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИСПЕРСНОГО СКЛАДУ ПИЛУ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ТЕПЛОІЗОЛЯЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ


 
 
 The problem of air pollution with environmentally hazardous dust with a particle size of up to 10 microns at plants for the production of thermal insulation materials is considered. The purpose of this work is to study the dispersed composition of dust in the production of insulation materials (such as mineral wool), and to determine the effectiveness of the existing gas cleaning equipment, which traps pollutants. The dispersed composition of the dust generated at the plant for the production of thermal insulation materials, and the dispersed composition of the dust collected by the dust-cleaning equipment was investigated. Experimentally and with the use of computer programs, it has been established that the efficiency of extracting fine dust from dust- cleaning equipment does not exceed 78%. It is established that the dust of mineral wool entering the aspiration system is dominated by particles with a size from 2.5 microns to 25 microns. Dust with a SiO2 content of up to 70%, which is released during unloading and transportation of raw materials (dolomite, basalt), enters the atmospheric air without purification. At the same time, particles with a size of up to 60 microns and up to 72 microns dominate in atmospheric air, respectively. The main characteristics of the dust necessary for the objective selection of dust-cleaning equipment are determined.
 
 

Dispersion analysis of dust in aspiration systems in the production of thermal insulation materials using advanced experimental equipment

Dispersion analysis of dust in aspiration systems in the production of thermal insulation materials using advanced experimental equipment

Promising use of waste coal in the production of insulating material without the use of traditional natural materials

It is shown that one of the promising directions for the production of thermal insulation materials are waste coal (waste of the fuel and energy complex). Insulation materials (ceramic lightweight bricks) with the density not higher than 1250 kg/m3 were derived from waste coal without using the traditional natural raw materials. The innovative proposals for the use of waste coal in the manufacture of insulation materials were developed and their novelty was confirmed by four RF Patents. The investigated coal waste is characterized by high calorific value (1800–2800 kcal/kg); thus, such waste should be used not only as nonplastic materials but also as combustible additives so as to exclude the use of anthracite, coke breeze, etc., in the compositions of ceramic masses. Combustible additives containing increased amounts of organic compounds (the loss of ignition of >15%) and iron oxide (Fe2O3 of more than 3%) not only increase the porosity of ceramic products but also facilitate the uniform sintering of a ceramic crock. It was shown that there are three types of pores that mainly occur in samples of insulation materials: slitlike ones, isothermal ones, and bizarre pores. In addition, the samples contain relatively large oval pores and “channel” isometric pores. These pores determine the water absorption of ceramic materials. The presence of pores and, consequently, the heterogeneity of the material adversely affect the properties of ceramic products, and the harmful effect on the mechanical strength of the elongated (slitlike) pores is estimated at about 5 times higher than that for round ones. In addition, the presence of slit-shaped pores indicates the incompleteness of the sintering processes. The use of waste from the fuel and energy complex in the production of ceramic materials makes it possible to efficiently utilize industrial waste, to save scarce traditional natural materials, to expand the range of raw materials for construction materials, and to make a significant contribution to environmental protection.

Analysis of the sensitivity of the ecological effects for the investment based on the thermal insulation of the building: A Polish case study

The improvement of the energy efficiency is one of the strategic goals in Poland as well as in the other European countries. The main aim of this article is to present a method of the assessment of the ecological effects for the investment based on the thermal insulation of the external building walls with the inclusion of the sensitiveness of the chosen variables. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology was used for the assessment of the environmental impact. The increased damage on the environment connected to the production of thermal insulation materials and the decrease of the influence on the environment connected with the decrease of the use of energy in the use phase of the building were taken into consideration. The research also encompasses the variability which is a result of the type of the external building wall, the applied heating source, the type of the thermal insulation material and also the climatic zone in which the building is located. Each examined variant brought positive ecological effects such as the reduction of the environmental load as a result of the thermal insulation of the building. In addition, the sensitivity to different factors that influence the examined ecological effects were also researched. The changes of the environmental load that took place during the production of the heat energy in the building and the changes of the demand for heat energy have the most significant impact on the changes of the ecological effects.

Possibilities of Development of Thermal Insulating Materials Based on Waste Textile Fibers

The paper describes the possibility of using textile fibers (natural and synthetic) for the production of thermal insulation materials in the form of mats using in construction. The paper deals mainly with soft thermal insulation mats and the factors that affect the thermal insulation properties of the insulating material in its manufacture and subsequent incorporation into the structure.

Life Cycle Assessment of Rock Wool Board and EPS Board

Although outer wall thermal insulation technology is an effective measure for building energy-saving, the production of thermal insulation materials causes serious impacts on environment. In the present investigation the resource, energy consumption and environmental emission of the two kinds of thermal insulation materials were analyzed, from the acquisition of raw materials to production process based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The result show that life cycle energy consumption of rock wool board is 415MJ per functional unit, proximately twice of EPS board’s (220MJ). Overall, environmental impact indicators caused by rock wool board is more serious than EPS.