Production Of Liquid Fertilizer Research Articles

Pengembangan Integrasi Budidaya Ikan Lele Dan Tanaman Herbal Di UPR Doa Mandeh

The catfish cultivation business carried out by UPR Doa Mandeh since 2015 still requires support in the form of assistance and training for its development. Meanwhile, the availability of fish seeds in South Sumatra is still very dependent on other regions, such as Lampung, Jambi and West Java. The lack of use of appropriate catfish cultivation technology and the use of commercial feed has an impact on the low production of fish seeds produced. Apart from that, there has been no effort to treat waste water which has the potential to have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. For this reason, community service (PPM) is carried out, which applies lecture materials, research and publications that have been carried out by the proposing team in the form of application of biofloc technology, making liquid fertilizer and cultivating herbal plants. The aim and benefits of carrying out this activity are to develop the catfish cultivation business, increase seed production, utilize waste water from catfish rearing media into liquid fertilizer products that can be used to develop herbal plant cultivation which will ultimately increase the income of cultivators at UPR Doa Mandeh. The activity model is in the form of empowerment, development and assistance which is implemented using counseling, training and technical/production assistance methods. The results of this activity are high survival and growth rates for catfish, water quality is in the optimal range, and the richness of nutrients in wastewater from the biofloc system can be used as liquid fertilizer for herbal plants. Keywords: biofloc; catfish; herbal plants; liquid fertilizer

Biochar as a highly efficient adsorption carrier for sewage sludge-derived nutrients and biostimulants: component fixation and mechanism

Production of liquid fertilizers containing nitrogenous nutrients and biostimulants from sewage sludge (SS-NB) has been attracting increasing attention due to its excellent fertilization effect and resource recycling attributes. To better understand the functional effects of nutrients and biostimulants in SS-NB on soil, the adsorption capacity and mechanism of straw biochar (SB) and wood chip biochar (WCB) for alkaline and neutral SS-NB components were investigated. The adsorption of total organic carbon (TOC) from alkaline and neutral SS-NB by WCB was 61.14% and 89.73%, respectively, higher than that by SB, which was 56.25% and 83.36%. Moreover, TOC from neutral SS-NB was more readily adsorbed, especially for fulvic and humic acids. SB had a strong adsorption capacity for calcium ions and nitrogen (TKN, nitrate N, protein, amino acid) and released large amounts of P. In addition, WCB and SB showed a strong affinity for macromolecules (proteins) and reducing substances (lignin and lipids) and excellent fixation ability for phytohormones and allelochemicals. However, WCB adsorbed more types of molecular substances than SB while maintaining a high immobilization rate. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism showed that surface amino groups of the biochar were involved in adsorption, while WCB had additionally high adsorption efficiencies through pore adsorption, hydrogen bonding adsorption and pore size-exclusion effects. The study revealed that biochar can be used as an efficient adsorption carrier for SS-NB to improve soil fertility management.Graphical

Microbiology of post-fermentation leachate

Using post-fermentation leachate as fertilizer is a good alternative and solution to the problem of waste at wastewater treatment plants and contains the principles of sustainable development. Leachate from anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge contains valuable elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, which can improve soil properties. The production of liquid fertilizer minimizes the negative impact of leachate on the main biological stream in the WWTP and improves the energy efficiency of the entire wastewater treatment system. This transfers into the operating costs of the facility. When thinking about the agricultural use of digestion leachate and its introduction into the environment, a very important issue is its microbiological contamination. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the microbiological quality of digestion leachates from municipal wastewater treatment plants and to determine the parameters of their hygienization. The number of bacteria in raw leachate is indicative of a sanitary risk in the case they are used in agriculture as fertiliser. Heating the leachate at 60°C for 15 minutes produces an effect comparable to that achieved by heating the leachate to 70°C. The sonication process itself did not affect the better temperature effect. Heating the leachate for 20 minutes after prior sonication for 20 minutes does not result in the complete elimination of microflora.

The Implementation of Rotary POC Technology for Organic Fertilizer Production in Tarahan Village, South Lampung

Tarahan Village is one of the larger villages in Katibung District, South Lampung. Despite not being classified as an agricultural region, Tarahan Village exhibits remarkable productivity in cultivating vegetables and fruits. So far, organic waste from fruits and vegetables has been discarded and burned or used only for animal feed. The large volume of unprocessed fruit and vegetable waste causes various problems for village residents, both directly and indirectly. Besides that, the village's intensive horticultural farming activities have encouraged the increased use of inorganic fertilizers. This pollutes the environment and harms the soil, organisms that live in the soil, and humans who consume these horticultural products. The application of liquid organic fertilizer, specifically POC, is deemed necessary to effectively address the issue of fruit and vegetable waste management while ensuring the quality of organic horticultural products. A composter is a suitable technology employed for the production of liquid fertilizer. Since oxygen is crucial for microorganisms in decomposing organic matter, the POC produced through the aerobic composting process will mature more quickly and not produce offensive odors. The goal of implementing this technology is to spread the word that garbage can be turned into something valuable if managed properly, leading to a cleaner community and more economic opportunities. The rotary POC technology scheme consists of a plastic drum that is supported by an iron structure. The drum is furnished with a rotating lever designed for the purpose of stirring, thereby facilitating the uniform mixing of organic material upon the addition of the bioactivator. The agitation of the solution facilitates the efficient execution of the aeration process. The equipment scheme has been developed with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of composting with regard to both time management and the quality of the final outcomes. This technology has the potential to be an alternative solution for dealing with household waste, and the product in the form of POC has the potential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers.

Human urine electrolysis for simultaneous green hydrogen and liquid fertilizer production for a circular economy: A proof of concept

This study explores a novel process for hydrogen production and urine concentration using water electrolysis, employing a hydrophobic membrane and hydrogel electrolyte. The process utilizes a hydrophobic membrane to provide pure water from human urine, while simultaneously producing hydrogen through electrolysis, and concentrating urine for liquid fertilizer production. A suitable hydrogel electrolyte was developed, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels and varying potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration, showing efficient ion conductivity. The PVA-KOH 30 wt % hydrogel incorporating melamine exhibited promising performance in cell testing, achieving a current density of 204.35 mA/cm2 at 2 V. Long-term electrolysis tests indicated sustained efficiency, although a decline in current density during 96 h was attributed to hydrophobic membrane fouling. Nonetheless, the hydrogel electrolyte demonstrated minimal fouling, successfully concentrating the urine about 5 times. This concentrated urine serves as liquid fertilizer, while the produced hydrogen acts as an energy source, and the oxygen can be recycled for use in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), establishing a sustainable energy cycle system.

Organic Vegetable Business Empowerment of Hijau Daun Farmers Group, Karang Rejo, North Metro

he excessive use of chemicals for vegetable cultivation in Karangrejo, North Metro threatens the sustainability of agriculture. The high control of pests, weeds, and labor costs causes farmers to use chemicals and doses tend to increase, which poses a risk to consumers. PKM objectives: 1. Organic cultivation, 2. Training on post-harvest innovation on washing, packing, labeling, and packaging variations. 3. Variations of processed organic vegetables: ice cream and nuggets. 4. Development of offline and online marketing. Activities during July-September 2022, to 15 members of the Hijau Daun farmers group, with assistance/training on organic cultivation, post-harvest with the application of Pumakkal Liquid Fertilizer Production of PT. Pumahitari University of Muhammadiyah Metro, making ice cream and vegetable nuggets, offline and online sales practices. Activity results: 1. Farmer groups know and are capable of environmentally friendly organic cultivation. 2. Able to make compost and liquid fertilizer and 9 types of vegetables obtained Prima 3.3 certificate. Able to make ready-to-cook packages, Hida ice cream, and nuggets and use the web.

Concentrating stabilized human urine using eutectic freeze crystallization for liquid fertilizer production

Resource recovery from source-separated urine can be used to produce fertilizers and provide a more sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers. Reverse osmosis can be used to remove up to 70% of the water in urine that has been stabilized with Ca(OH)2 and pre-treated with air bubbling. However, further water removal is limited because of membrane scaling and equipment operating pressure limitations. A novel hybrid eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) and RO system was investigated as a method to concentrate human urine, whilst simultaneously crystallizing salt and ice under EFC conditions. A thermodynamic model was used to predict the type of salts that would crystallize, their associated eutectic temperatures, and how much additional water removal was required (using freeze crystallization) to reach eutectic conditions. This innovative work showed that at eutectic conditions, Na2SO4∙10H2O crystallizes simultaneously with ice in both real and synthetic urine, thus providing a new method to concentrate human urine for liquid fertilizer production. A theoretical mass balance of a hybrid RO-EFC process, including ice washing and recycle streams, showed that 77% of the urea and 96% of the potassium could be recovered with a 95% water removal. The final liquid fertilizer would have a composition of 11.5% N and 3.5% K, and 3.5 kg of Na2SO4∙10H2O could be recovered from 1000 kg of urine. Over 98% of the phosphorus would be recovered as calcium phosphate during the urine stabilization step. A hybrid RO-EFC process would require 60 kWh m−3 of energy, which is substantially less than other concentration methods.

The Use of Waste to Produce Liquid Fertilizers in Terms of Sustainable Development and Energy Consumption in the Fertilizer Industry—A Case Study from Poland

The topical challenge for the Polish, European, and global fertilizer industry is to produce sufficient nutrients for growing plants using more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly methods. The appropriate course of action, in terms of the challenges posed, could be the production of liquid fertilizers, made from waste materials that exhibit fertilizer properties. This solution makes it possible not only to reduce the exploitation of natural resources but above all, to implement elements of a circular economy and reduce the energy intensity of the fertilizer industry. This study shows that both in Poland and the European Union, there are current regulations aimed at elements of a circular economy and indicating the need to obtain fertilizers containing valuable plant nutrients from organic waste or recycled materials. The recognition carried out for the Polish market clearly indicates that to produce liquid organic fertilizers and soil conditioners, the most used is the digestate from the fermentation process. The preparation of liquid organic–mineral fertilizers is mainly based on algae extracts. Mine minerals are used in the production of mineral–liquid fertilizers. An analysis of data has shown that the above-mentioned waste materials, used as substrates to produce fertilizers, contain chemical substances and elements important for, among other things, stimulation of proper plant development, growth of aboveground and underground parts of plants, increased resistance to diseases and pests, and regulation of plant water management. Referring to the above information, the production of liquid fertilizers from waste materials seems reasonable and is an alternative to mineral–solid fertilizers, whose production process is energy-intensive and produces air emissions. Detailed identification of the properties of the various components made it possible to demonstrate their usefulness in terms of fertilizing plants and soils, but also to emphasize the importance of this line of research and the need to look for other groups of waste for reuse within the framework of a circular economy.

Effect of Copper, Zinc and Molybdenum Micro Elements in Plants When Using Granular and Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizer with Micro Elements Made from Local Raw Materials

A new type of micronutrient liquid fertilizers was obtained by treating the calcium nitrate porridge obtained on the basis of research with urea (ammonium nitrate, KAS) and micronutrient (Cu Zn Co) salts in the amount necessary for plant growth. The chemical composition, product properties and rheological properties of liquid fertilizers containing microelements were studied, and a laboratory device for the production of liquid fertilizers was created. As a result of preliminary investigations, it was found that copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, magnesium are the most scarce trace elements in the soils of our republic. In order to apply microelements to the soil as fertilizers, the research was carried out in order to find their various sources, to study various industrial residues, to solve the problems of testing, processing of local raw materials and industrial waste containing trace elements a rational technology for obtaining new types of simple and complex liquid, granular and suspended fertilizers was developed, and its agrochemical properties and the amount of microelements in the plant composition and its effect on the absorption of nutrients (NRK), cotton yield and quality parameters of fiber were determined when used in typical gray soil conditions.

Research on evaluating the efficiency of recovery nutrients (N, P) in an integrated ecology system for catfish farming

The purpose of this is to evaluate the ability to recover nutrients (N, P) emitted from catfish farming by using an integrated ecological system towards zero emissions. An integrated system has been designed and implemented for a catfish pond with a water surface area of 10,300 m2. Wastewater is treated with water hyacinth, sludge is used for organic fertilizer production, and dead fish carcasses are used as raw material for liquid fertilizer production. The SFA (substance flow analysis) method was applied to evaluate the efficiency of nutrient source recovery in the system. The results show that the nutrient supply to fish ponds is mainly from fish food (about 30,450 kgN/ha/crop and 3,675 kgP/ha/crop). Harvested fish in the adult stage accumulate N and P content in fish biomass of 12,480 kgN ha/crop and 540 kgP/ha/crop respectively. Wastewater from fish ponds sent through aquatic ditches has an amount of 11,509 kgN/ha/crop and 2,978 kgP/ha/crop. The treatment efficiency of the aquatic pond reached 70%, and the amount of nutrients emitted into the environment through wastewater was 3,453 kgN/ha/crop and 893 kgP/ha/crop respectively. The efficiency of retaining nutrients after composting is about 70 - 80%, the product of this process is organic fertilizer containing N and P contents of 0.26% and 0.12% respectively.

Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Produksi Pupuk Cair Ramah Lingkungan dari Limbah Air Budidaya Ikan Berbasis Masyarakat

There are two important aspects of the implementation of this research, namely the technical aspect, which includes the production and analysis of the quality of liquid fertilizer products from fish farming wastewater, and the economic aspect, which includes an economic analysis on an industrial scale. Liquid fertilizer is made from fish farming wastewater obtained from Bangkalan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The process of producing liquid fertilizer from fish farming wastewater includes various processes, from mixing to fermentation. The physical characteristics of liquid fertilizer from fish farming wastewater are in accordance with existing standards. Without the addition of nutrients, liquid fertilizer from fish farming wastewater has nitrogen (N) 1.33%, phosphorus (P) 0.44%, and potassium (K) 0.38%. Although the nutrient content of liquid fertilizer from fish farming wastewater is still below the standard of SNI 02-4958-2006, in industrial-scale production processes, adding nutrients is very necessary. In the economic analysis, all economic parameters are declared feasible and profitable, with an NPV value of Rp. 5,524,899,840, IRR 31,79%, PP 3.15 years and B/C ratio 3.1. This study shows a positive value on the technical and economic aspects. Finally, this research can be used as a reference by academics, government, and entrepreneurs in the technical and economic aspects of producing liquid fertilizer from fish farming wastewater.

Inovasi Pupuk Cair: Pupuk Limbah Tankos Buah Sawit (PLTBS) dalam Meningkatkan Kesuburan Tanah dan Tanaman

Utilization of waste from oil palm fruit tanks as the basic material for making liquid fertilizer is an embodiment of love for the environment. Tankos waste which has been scattered into garbage, turns out to have content that is useful for increasing soil fertility. Through the process of burning and mixing with materials in the form of urea, KCl, EM4 and water, which are then fermented to produce liquid fertilizer that has a selling value. The results of the content test for PLTBS liquid fertilizer provide information about the advantages of PLTBS products, which can accelerate plant growth, increase chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis rate, so that leaves become denser and plants are healthier. The content of PLTBS fertilizer solution can also improve soil chemical properties and suppress pest and disease populations, thereby increasing fruit production and plant fertility. When compared to competitors, the price of PLTBS products is very affordable and much cheaper than other liquid fertilizer products. This product also supports going green because it is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful ingredients. Based on the business feasibility projection, the PLTBS liquid fertilizer product is feasible to run, besides being able to increase income, it can also create jobs.

Clarification of the Dynamic Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process Using Metagenomic Analysis.

ABSTRACTThis study details a unique process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) of human excreta useful in producing nitrogen-rich and pathogen-free organic fertilizer. The process was divided into initial, middle, and final phases, based on changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and bacterial community structure. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial factors that would affect liquid fertilizer production in the process, using shotgun metagenomic analysis of each phase. Although the abundances of all 28 gene categories include 4 categories in SEED subsystems level 1 were similar to those in another type of wastewater treatment system, the abundances of 4 gene categories changed remarkably. Among them, a decrease in the abundance of the phage-related gene category and the presence of antibacterial substances in secondary metabolism may explain the change in bacterial community structure from the material to the initial phase. Increases in the abundances of two gene categories, phage-related and secondary metabolism, coincided with a decrease in alpha diversity from the material to the initial phase. A potential increase in the abundance of genes in the category of sporulation from the middle to the final phase was correlated with deterioration of growth conditions and stabilization processes. In addition, prompt consumption of short-chain fatty acids in the initial phase and unusually stable ammonia accumulation throughout the process could be explained by the presence/absence of related metabolic genes. In conclusion, the relationships between bacterial function and unique characteristics of ATAD were revealed; our findings support the enhancement of liquid fertilizer production from wastewater.IMPORTANCE Metagenome analysis was performed to determine the microbial dynamics of the unique autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion process of human excreta, which includes initial, middle, and final phases. In this study, we revealed the details of functional genes related to physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in the ATAD process. Four gene categories showed increases and decreases during the digestion process. In addition, the unusual stable accumulation of ammonia and prompt consumption of short-chain fatty acids were explained by the absence or presence of related metabolic genes. In addition to revealing the relationships between bacteria and physicochemical properties, the results of this research may support improving wastewater management systems worldwide by using the ATAD process in liquid fertilizer production systems.

Economic creativity development through training in organic fertilizer production

Sugihmas Village is one of the villages in the Grabag subdistrict where the majority of residents are farmers and ranchers who are members of the Association of Farmers Groups (Gapoktan). This activity attempts to recycle agricultural waste and livestock waste into organic fertilizer in order to boost agricultural production and improve livestock health. The approach of problem solving is accomplished through socialization and production of liquid fertilizer, as well as through training and mentoring in the creation of liquid fertilizer. Along with liquid organic fertilizer, this activity produces dry organic fertilizer.

Liquid fertilizer production from organic waste by conventional and microwave-assisted extraction technologies: Techno-economic and environmental assessment

The use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture has significantly increased to support the growing global food demand. Organic fertilizers are produced from renewable waste materials to overcome the drawbacks of inorganic fertilizers. The development of novel production processes of organic fertilizers entails a significant advance towards the circular economy that reincorporates waste materials into the production cycle. In this work, the economic and environmental feasibility of an industrial plant with a treatment capacity of 300 kg/h of organic waste for the production of liquid fertilizers has been performed. Two extraction technologies (conventional and microwave) and two solvents (water and alkaline) have been compared to select the most sustainable and profitable scenario for scaling-up. The extraction process consists of 2 steps: extraction followed by a concentration stage (necessary only if water extraction is applied). The resolution of the mass balances shows that the fertilizer production under alkaline conditions is ten times higher than for water-based extraction. The economic analysis demonstrated that the total investment cost of microwave technology (>3.5 M€) is three times higher compared to the conventional extraction technology (<1.5 M€), mainly due to the higher complexity of the equipment. These facts directly impact the minimum selling price, because the fertilizers obtained by conventional extraction with alkaline solvent would have a lower selling price (about 1 €/L). As for environmental assessment, the indicators show that the environmental impact produced by water-based extraction is higher than alkaline-solvent extraction, mainly due to the necessity of a concentration stage of the liquid extract to meet the requirements of European regulations. In view of the results obtained in the economic and environmental evaluation, it could be concluded that the most favourable scenario for scaling up the production of liquid fertilizers from organic waste is the conventional extraction under alkaline conditions.

Optimization of liquid fertilizer production from waste seaweed: A design of experiment based statistical approach

In Istanbul, which is surrounded by the sea on 3 sides, thousands of tons of seaweed that have formed naturally every year are washed ashore. In this study, the usability of these seaweeds which are landfilling already in fertilizer production was discussed. Liquid fertilizer production was carried out using 3 different physical and 4 different biological methods, and the produced fertilizers were diluted in 5 different ratios (1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and applied to cress seed. The effect of each fertilizer and its concentration on seed germination, plant length, number of leaves, and soil moisture-holding capacity was studied. The data obtained were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that if seaweed was fermented with anaerobic seed sludge for 15 days and applied to the plant by diluting it to 15–25%, plant growth will be supported at an optimum level. It has also been shown that if the seaweed was fermented with yeast culture for 18 days and fed with a concentration of >90%, the moisture-holding capacity of the soil could be increased by up to 27%.

The Effect of Resin and NH4OH Addition in The Making of Ammonium Silica Fertilizer from Geothermal Sludge

Geothermal sludge is a waste product from geothermal where it contains SiO2 which can be used as fertilizer. In this study, the making of silica ammonium fertilizer was carried out by taking salicy acid from geothermal sludge by extracting and adding resin which was then modified with NH4OH addition. Extraction was done using 1000 ml of KOH 1 N to dissolve 60 grams of Geothermal Sludge. Resins are added with variations in resin weight, namely, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 grams. NH4OH was added with variations in concentrations namely 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% with a ratio of filtrate and NH4OH solution of 1: 1. The resulting ammonium silica inorganic liquid fertilizer products were analyzed for free silica and ammonia levels. The results of this study indicate that the levels of free silica and ammonia are influenced by the weight of the resin used and the concentration of ammonium hydroxide mixed. From the results of the research, it was found that inorganic silica liquid fertilizer with the highest SiO2 content in ammonium silica liquid fertilizer occurred when adding 20 grams of resin with the addition of NH4OH with a concentration of 15% which was 1,831.87 mg / L while the highest NH3 content in fertilizer liquid ammonium silica occurs when adding 40 grams of resin with the addition of NH4OH with a concentration of 15% which is equal to 252,312.80 mg / L.

Development of integrated microbubble and microfilter system for liquid fertilizer production by removing total coliform and improving reduction of suspended solid in livestock manure

Development of integrated microbubble and microfilter system for liquid fertilizer production by removing total coliform and improving reduction of suspended solid in livestock manure

Characterization of Nutrients and Pilot Biofertilizer Production from Food Waste and Dairy Manure Digestates

HighlightsN, P, Ca, and Mg were mainly localized to fine digestate solids (0.45 µm to 1 mm).50% to 60% of NH4+-N was found in digestate solids between 0.45 and 75 µm.K and Na were mainly transferred to the ultrafiltration permeate (&amp;lt;0.45 µm).Mixing of coarse and fine solids can optimize nutrient and salt ratios in products.Abstract. Food waste and dairy manure digestates from commercial digesters were characterized in the lab for particle and nutrient distributions before pilot-scale processing (vibratory screen, ultrafiltration, sun drying) to produce solid and liquid biofertilizer products. Experimental results showed that the elemental compositions of the two digestates were different but shared similarities. The coarse solids of both digestates had lower concentrations of nutrients than the liquid fractions, which contained most of the K and Na. The dairy manure digestate had a higher amount of fine solids between 0.4 and 75 µm than the food waste digestate, but the majority of TKN was contained in the fine solids of both digestates. An optimization analysis concluded that optimal combinations of digestate fractions included over 70% coarse solids to obtain desired nutrient and salt ratios. The solid and liquid fertilizer products derived from the pilot-scale processing were similar to those expected from the lab-scale investigation. Keywords: Biofertilizer formulation, Digestate, Nutrient distribution, Pilot-scale processing, Ultrafiltration, Value-added products.

Effect of Substrate Size and Stirring on the Effectiveness of Fermentation of Organic Waste Using Composter Cash

Based on studies and research conducted by several researchers, it was found that the parameters that affect the effectiveness of waste fermentation include stirring and chopping the substrate in addition to temperature conditioning, the type and intensity of adding bio activators, and the type of organic waste (substrate). This study aims to produce an innovative composter barrel product that has the function of stirring and chopping in one compact tool. Tool testing is directed at liquid fertilizer products that are produced with an approach to the appropriate type of test. The results of the research that have been done show that the variation of counting does not have a significant effect on the quality of the liquid fertilizer, while stirring is very influential. For this reason, the innovative composter vat is recommended to add a stirring component while chopping is not required.