Production Of Lightweight Bricks Research Articles

Development of lightweight bricks using agricultural and industrial waste

Abstract The construction industry is undergoing a notable shift towards environmental sustainability, driving the innovation of construction materials that are robust, lightweight, and eco-friendly. this study delves into the formation of lightweight bricks, with a focus on their mechanical properties, thermal insulation capabilities, and environment-imperative agricultural and industrial waste material. In response to the environmental imperative to reduce reliance on clay and other raw materials in construction, this study investigates the utilization of flower waste, iron ore, chaff, and wheat husk, in the production of lightweight bricks. This alternative material offers a sustainable solution to mitigate the environmental impact of traditional brick manufacturing processes. Through a systematic evaluation of physical properties, materialistic properties, and thermal performance the study provides insights into the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating chaff and wheat husk into brick production. The findings offer practical recommendations for the development of environment-friendly construction materials contribute to the conservation of natural resources and the promotion of sustainable building practices.

Using Waste from Oil Production in the Production of Lightweight Bricks

The possibility of using smeared soil from oil extraction and shale clay in the production of ceramic lightweight bricks without the use of natural traditional raw materials is shown. The suitability of the smeared soil containing an increased amount of organic matter and calorific value as a burnout additive for the production of lightweight bricks is investigated. The expediency of using interstitial clay (waste of combustible shale) as a binder for ceramic materials has been established. The resulting lightweight ceramic bricks have high physical and mechanical properties.

Production of Lightweight Bricks Using Saw Dust

Production of Lightweight Bricks Using Saw Dust

A clean approach through sustainable utilization of cement kiln dust, hazardous lead-bearing, and sewage sludges in the production of lightweight bricks

Hazardous wastes produced from different industrial activities mainly contribute to serious environmental problems, notably their negative impact on the human health. Therefore, there is a great need to implement an innovative protocol for the safe disposal of these wastes in the production of widely-used materials. This study focused on the sustainable consumption of hazardous lead-bearing and dry-bed sewage sludges (LBS and DBS, respectively) in the production of lightweight bricks using alkali-activation process in which cement kiln dust (CKD) used as alkali-rich-waste. Very simple procedures were carried out to prepare the hardened bricks comprising wet mixing sludge-CKD blend and humidity-curing at 23±2 °C for 24 h. The performance of the prepared bricks mainly depends on CKD content, chemical composition and physical characteristics of sludges, and thermal treatment. The increase of CKD content (up to 50 wt %) within LBS-CKD mixtures leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the produced bricks; whereas, it demonstrated a marginal effect on DBS-CKD set. The main reason behind too low compressive strength (≤1.5 MPa) of DBS-CKD is the low pozzolanic activity caused by the high organic matter content (∼42 wt %) within DBS composition. Nevertheless, all DBS-CKD bricks recorded the lowest bulk density values ranging from 0.92 to 0.99 g/cm3 at 28-days of humidity curing. The full replacement of untreated sludges with thermally-treated one, yields hardened bricks with higher bulk density and compressive strength. Achieving eco-sustainability, low energy demand, and cost minimization, we recommend to use the LBS-CKD (50-50 wt %) mixture in the fabrication of lightweight bricks as it showed desirable mechanical properties, relatively low bulk density, low drying shrinkage, and low Pb-concentration in leachate.

Sawdust recycling in the production of lightweight bricks: How the amount of additive and the firing temperature influence the physical properties of the bricks

This paper studies the influence of sawdust on the petrophysical properties of solid bricks. Brick samples without additives were handmade using a clayey earth that is rich in quartz and phyllosilicates and has some carbonate content. Similar bricks were made with added sawdust at 2.5%, 5% and 10% weight. The bricks were fired in an electric kiln at 800 °C, 950 °C and 1100 °C. The addition of sawdust did not change the mineralogy of the fired bricks. As the firing temperature increased, the quartz content fell and carbonates and phyllosilicates disappeared causing new silicates (gehlenite, wollastonite, anorthite and diopside) to develop. There was an increase in the vitrification of bricks, which also became more compact. At high firing temperature, the bricks had a higher water absorption capacity and worse interconnection between the pores. The high level of vitrification reached at 1100 °C enabled greater transmission of heat inside the bricks. The most refractory bricks were those fired at 800 °C with a 10% sawdust content. When subjected to the salt crystallization test, the most resistant bricks were those with the lowest sawdust content and the highest firing temperature.

Assessment of waste clays in the Qusseir region of east central Egypt for production of lightweight bricks

BackgroundEgyptian Upper Cretaceous waste clay samples from Yunis Mines, Qusseir vicinity, Eastern Desert, were investigated for their chemical and mineralogical compositions as well as for firing. These investigations were carried out to assess the suitability to use the waste clays for the production of lightweight bricks. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques were applied for characterizing chemical and mineral compositions of the raw clays. On the other side, densification parameters of the fired samples up to 1100 °C were examined by using Archimedes water-saturation methods and by determining the density and crushing strength of the fired bodies.ResultsTwo types of concrete were prepared using different grain sizes: coarse and a mix of coarse and fine aggregates. Concrete batches were prepared, and the mechanical strength and the bulk density were determined. Mineralogically, the waste samples consist of montmorillonite as the predominant clay mineral, with quartz, calcite, fluorapatite, anhydrite, and pyrite as impurities. Bulk density and apparent porosity of the fired clay sample at 1100 °C were 0.89 g/cm3 and 67.19%, respectively, while the bulk density of the two types of concrete range from 0.76 g/cm3 in coarse type with no fines to 0.90 g/cm3 in the coarse with 20% fine fraction. The crushing strength of both types is 25 kg/cm2 for coarse type and 45 kg/cm2 for coarse and fine types, respectively.ConclusionsThe results showed that the data provides a useful application of waste clay ramps of ancient Yunis mining tunnels in Qussier area with an additional mean to assess their suitability for the production of lightweight brick concretes to reduce density and their relatively good strength in modern buildings for non-loading building units and to enhance the thermal insulation of buildings.

Utilization of recycle paper mill residue and rice husk ash in production of light weight bricks

Resource recovery and utilization of industrial by-product materials for making construction material has gained significant attention across the world. In this research study, recycle paper mill residue (RPMR) and rice husk ash (RHA) are utilized to improve the properties of bricks. This research study evaluated the feasibility of utilizing RPMR and RHA for making construction bricks. A homogeneous mixture of RPMR–RHA–cement was prepared with varying amount of RHA (10–20% by weight) and RPMR (70–80% by weight) and tested in accordance with the IS codes. Characterization of RPMR and RHA was performed using XRF, TG-DTA, XRD and SEM techniques. The SEM monographs show that RPMR has a porous and fibrous structure. The TG-DTA characterization demonstrated that RPMR can withstand temperatures up to 280°C. The results indicate that RPMR-bricks prepared from RPMR–RHA–cement combination are light weight and meet compressive strength requirements of IS 1077-1992. This novel construction material serves objectives of resource recovery through prudent solid waste management.

Recycling of sawdust, spent earth from oil filtration, compost and marble residues for brick manufacturing

This paper studies the application of a variety of waste materials in the production of lightweight bricks: sawdust, spent earth from oil filtration, compost and marble. First, the mineralogical and chemical composition and thermal behaviour of the wastes and clay were determined. Next, ceramic bricks were fabricated with different quantities of waste (0–10wt.% for sawdust, 0–20wt.% for marble, and 0–30wt.% for compost and spent earth from oil filtration). These bricks were fired at 950 and 1050°C. The effect of adding these wastes on the technological behaviour of the brick was assessed by linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, suction absorption, compressive strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that the optimum sintering temperature is 1050°C. Below this temperature, at 950°C, increased open porosity was observed, which decreased the compressive strength of the bricks. Based on the results obtained, the optimum amounts of waste were 5wt.% sawdust, 10wt.% compost and 15wt.% spent earth from oil filtration and marble. These percentages produced bricks whose mechanical properties were suitable for use as secondary raw materials in ceramic brick production.

Correlation between total water absorption and wet compressive strength of compressed stabilised peat bricks

Housing is a great problem in today and future world, the most basic building material for infrastructure construction and houses is the usual bricks or blocks. Although there are approximately 2,500 000 hectares of peat soils in Malaysia, only a small portion of this as being utilised. In this study, peat soil was investigated in tandem with the production of lightweight bricks. Peat soil, sand, cement and hydrated lime mixtures were steam autoclaved under different test conditions to produce brick samples. The purpose for this study was undertaken on the production of compressed peat ‐ siliceous sand, PFA, OPC cement and lime as solid bricks to solving the problems of housing and builds the construction economically and environmentally by utilising local materials. The compressive strength and water absorption of stabilised peat bricks obtained under 6 and 10 Mpa pressure are 5.48 and 7.10 Mpa; 4.75 and 2.6%, respectively. Tests were also conducted to study correlation between wet compressive strength and water absorption; it was found negative values, increase in strength decreased water absorption and hardening of the bricks with time.

Lime based steam autoclaved fly ash bricks

About 10 million tonnes of fly ash are produced yearly as waste from coal fired thermal power plants in Turkey. Only a small portion of this waste is utilized as a raw material in the production of cement and concrete. In this study, Seyitömer power plant fly ash was investigated in the production of light weight bricks. Fly ash, sand and hydrated lime mixtures were steam autoclaved under different test conditions to produce brick samples. An optimum raw material composition was found to be a mixture of 68% fly ash, 20% sand and 12% hydrated lime. The optimum brick forming pressure was 20 MPa. The optimum autoclaving time and autoclaving pressure were found 6 h and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The compressive strength, unit volume weight, water absorption and thermal conductivity of the fly ash–sand–lime bricks obtained under optimum test conditions are 10.25 MPa, 1.14 g/cm 3, 40.5% and 0.34 W m −1 K −1 respectively. The results of this study suggested that it was possible to produce good quality light weight bricks from the fly ash of Seyitömer power plant.