Jute Products Research Articles

Decoding the mystery of Bangladesh's jute decline: A climate crisis or plastic predicament

Bangladesh is one of the areas in Asia most vulnerable to climate change, with a mostly agricultural economy. Although jute was formerly an important cash crop, its production has steadily declined. However, the use of plastic products instead of jute-made goods is increasing rapidly. This study investigates whether plastic and climate change seriously threaten jute crops in Bangladesh. The dataset includes observations from 1988 to 2021, and various methods are used, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen cointegrating regression estimators, and fully modified Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The findings show that floods and rainfall significantly harm jute production in Bangladesh. However, plastic usage which is measured by the use of plastic has no statistically significant effects on jute production. Therefore, to safeguard jute production in Bangladesh, the government should prioritize climate-resilient agricultural practices, such as improved flood management and the introduction of flood-resistant jute varieties. Additionally, promoting jute-made products over plastic alternatives can help revive the jute industry and reduce plastic pollution.

The effect of organic manure on the production of jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Field experiments to investigate the effect of different sources of organic manure (Swine manure (SM), Poultry manure (PM), Cattle manure (CM), Rabbit urine manure (RUM)) on production of Jute (Corchorus olitorius) was carried out. The experimental site was cleared and cultivated (tilled and fertilized). Treatments were laid out before planting at once, there was no re-application of treatment. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters (Foliage, Plant height and Plant fresh weight). There was a significant difference in the foliage of Corchorus olitorius treated with SM, PM, CM, and RUM when compared with the control group. The foliage of Corchorus olitorius with PM treatment is significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with other organic manure treatment except for CM. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the height of Corchorus olitorius was obvious in all the treatment group when compared with control. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the height of jute across the organic manure treatment groups (SM, PM and RUM) but there is a significant increase in the plant height of PM when compared CM. SM, PM and RUM significantly increase the fresh weight of the plant when compared with the control and CM. There was a numerical increase in the plant fresh weight of PM when compared to other treatment groups. From this experimental study, PM consistently increased the number of leaves, the fresh plant weight and plant height significantly and it is recommended for Corchorus olitorius production.

MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF GREEN PRODUCT MANUFACTURING COMPANY – A STUDY

BJCL is a pioneer jute manufacturing company in India. Jute is a natural product and has important economic value as a green manufacturing area. Various types of jute goods like jute yarn, twine, packaging bags, fine quality fabrics, carpet backing clothes are the important green manufacturing products of such a company. Salable production and dispatched data from various months has been studied and found that domestic marketing performance of the industry is rising. The demand for various jute goods has been increasing. Demand for jute bags and clothes in the domestic market as a packaging material has been significantly improved by the industry. It is found that salable production was comparatively less in the years 2020-21 due to the pandemic years. Salable production was comparatively higher in the year 2022-23 compared to 2021-22. From June 23 to September 23, salable production was gradually increasing. It is the continual improvement of the unit. It proved that BJCL months have been improving continually over the months and years too. It is found that the total number of finished bales of 500 bags in each bale has been increased from May 23 to August 23. Increasing trends of finished bales dispatch status of sacking quality were observed. This jute products study period was from October 2020 to March2023. In the study period of May 23 to August 23, the total number of bales dispatch status was increased from 299 to 1244 for Hessian quality of jute products

Influence of Mn on dry yield and nutrient uptake by new jute variety BJRI Tossa-7

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2018-2019 at the vital place of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of Mn fertilizer on the dry matter yield and potential nutrient uptake of the newly developed jute variety BJRI Tossa jute-7. The treatments used in the experiments were T1: Control, T2: RDF sole (N90P10 K30 S20kg/ha), T3: RDF + 1 kg Mn/ha, T4: RDF + 2 kg Mn/ha, T5: RDF + 3 kg Mn/ha and T6: RDF + 4 kg Mn/ha. Mn application had a favorable effect on the dry matter yield of jute. Among the fertilizers of Mn with RDF, interaction promoted the dry yield biomass compared to sole RDF and control. Maximum dry matter yield (leaves + shoots + roots) achieved (20000 kg/ha) with T5 (RDF + 3 kg Mn/ha) and minimum (6421 kg/ha) in T1 (control). Study indicated that it needs to apply Mn to obtain optimum yield production. The interaction effect of Mn, NPK and S fertilizer significantly influenced nutrient uptake by the jute plant. The uptake of nutrient found highest N (218.9 kg/ha) in T5, P (92.75 kg/ha) in T3, K (239.73 kg/ha) with T6, S (19.59 kg/ha) in T4, Fe (0.64 kg/ha) in T5, Zn (0.38 kg/ha) in T5 and Mn (0.63 kg/ha) recorded in T6. The amount of micro nutrient uptake may be arranged in the order of Mn >Zn> Fe. Considering the highest uptake of major element, it can be kept as in the order of K > N>P>S. Study indicated that a higher rate of nutrient uptake was promoted dry matter accumulation in jute. Research revealed that the rate of nutrient uptake maximized with the addition of Mn in the RDF treatment. Hence, it could be concluded that applying RDF + 3 kg Mn/ha may be a suitable dose for optimum yield production of jute. Yet, in order to draw a sound conclusion, repeating the experiment is needed. In the future, the study will be a guideline for further investigation. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(1): 87-95, June 2024

Forecasting of area, production, and yield of jute in Bangladesh using Box-Jenkins ARIMA model

Jute holds significant importance as a cash crop in Bangladesh and was once renowned as the country's "golden fiber." Before embarking on a comprehensive strategy, it is crucial to gain insight into the future scenarios of jute in Bangladesh. This study's main objective is to employ the Box-Jenkins method to choose the most suitable Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models for forecasting area, production, and yield of jute in Bangladesh for the period from 2023 to 2030. This research relies on historical time series data spanning from 1970 to 2022. After thorough analysis, the most appropriate models were determined: ARIMA (2,0,3) for area, ARIMA (1,0,2) for production, and ARIMA (1,0,3) for yield. These selections were made based on model selection criteria, normalized BIC values, examination of ACF and PACF plots, and confirmation that residuals from these chosen ARIMA models exhibit no serial correlation, as indicated by Ljung-Box Q statistics. The ARIMA model predicts a continuous upward trajectory for jute cultivation, projecting that the jute cultivation area will expand to 7.54 lac hectares by 2023 and 8.30 lac hectares by 2030. This represents an estimated increase of approximately 13.85 % compared to the jute area in 2022. However, projections indicate a decline in both jute production and yield. By 2023, production is forecasted to be 80.48 lac bales with a yield of 11.47 bales per hectare, while by 2030, production is expected to decrease to 74.34 lac bales with a yield of 11.22 bales per hectare, down from 84.58 lac bales and 11.59 bales per hectare respectively in 2022.These findings are valuable for researchers and policymakers as they provide new insights into the future dynamics of jute cultivation in Bangladesh. This information can guide the development of initiatives and plans aimed at enhancing jute area, production, and yield in the country.

Precision Fertilization Strategies for Maximizing Jute Yield in Alluvial Soils of Seemanchal Region of Bihar

This research explores precision fertilization techniques to enhance jute production in Katihar district, Bihar, crucial for small farming households in the Seemanchal region, aiming to replace indiscriminate nitrogen application with the Soil Test Targeted Yield (ST-TY) method, crucial for the economic and environmental value of jute, known as the "golden fiber." Over two years (2019-2020) in the Seemanchal region's Katihar district, an experiment compared Soil Test Targeted Yield (ST-TY) method with traditional practices, revealing minimal impact on soil properties but significant decreases in available nitrogen and phosphorus levels raising concern over nutrient management. Notably, achieving a targeted fiber yield of 32.52 qha-1 through specific fertilizer applications (83:35:19 N:P:K kg/ha) with organic matter consistently outperformed other methods. The method resulted in superior plant growth (385 cm) and fiber production (32.52 q ha-1), yielding the highest net income (96884 Rs ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (3.44), showcasing its economic viability. This underscores the importance of tailored fertilizer strategies and organic materials for enhancing jute cultivation, suggesting broader adoption potential in Seemanchal and beyond.

Jute Trade in Colonial Goalpara of Assam

Jute is a significant fibre found in India, particularly grown in the provinces of Bengal and Assam. The increasing demand for jute fibre in international markets encouraged the peasants of Bengal to grow jute for commercial purposes. Therefore, Bengal became a centre for globally recognised jute production and supplied to European nations. The discussion of jute trade in India would be lacking without referring to the Goalpara district of Assam, which shares a close flank with Bengal, where a plethora of jute had been grown. The damp alluvial soil of the Goalpara district became favourable for growing extensive jute. The affordable and cheap price of high-quality jute attracted many traders from Bengal and Central India. Besides, the Goalpara district had access to waterways in every nook and cranny, and the district’s administrative centre had inland transportation connections to Bengal. The jute trade was extensively carried out in the Goalpara district, and all the jute fibre was transported to Bengal and then to European countries. The demand for jute in the international markets caused a huge number of peasants to migrate to Goalpara district from East Bengal to cultivate jute.

Cost of Cultivation and Constraints in Jute Cultivation in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal

Jute is one of the most important commercial crops in India. West Bengal ranks first in jute production among the major producing states. The present study tried to estimate the cost and return of jute farming and to identify the constraints in the production of jute in the Cooch Behar district of West Bengal. A sample of 80 farmers was surveyed, and the per ha cost of cultivation and net returns were found to be `113053.29 and 36192.02, respectively. Major constraints identified were loss of produce due to climatic uncertainties, water shortage during sowing and retting, and weed problems. The study stressed the need for interventions to address water shortage at crucial stages of the crop.

Evaluation of F2 Mapping Population for Stem Rot Tolerance in Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Present investigation was undertaken at ICAR-CRIJAF, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India during summer season (Apr–July) of 2020 to identify the jute breeding lines resistant to stem rot which is one of the major problems in jute production. The identified resistant and susceptible jute accessions (RS-6 and OIJ-272, respectively) were crossed to develop a mapping population for the disease. The resultant F2 population comprising 125 plants was screened for resistance to stem rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina following artificial inoculation. The progress of infection was measured as the length of the infected stem portion (i.e., lesion length in cm) after 7, 14 and 21 days of inoculation (time replication). After stem inoculation investigation indicated that in the F2 population of the cross OIJ-272×RS-6, only 14 plants (PL-100, PL-40, PL-99, PL-33, PL-89, PL-119, PL-1, PL-43, PL-118, PL-121, PL-6, PL-11, PL-55 and PL-86) were found moderately resistant (lesion length 2.0–3.0 cm). In contrast, 10 plants (PL-4, PL-31, PL-19, PL-27, PL-3, PL-50, PL-18, PL-26, PL-47, PL-51) were found highly susceptible (lesion length >5.0 cm). The remaining 101 plants exhibited moderate susceptible symptoms. While the parent OIJ-272 exhibited high susceptibility to stem rot with an average lesion length of 5.53 cm, the parent RS-6 exhibited moderate resistant reaction with an average lesion length of 2.30 cm. Because of good resistance under artificial stem inoculation of this fungi, these 14 F2 plants of the cross can be further exploited for a resistance breeding programme against this deadly disease.

Statistical analysis of Cotton-Jute blended ratio for producing good quality blended yarn

The present world is focusing on sustainable products. Most of the natural products collected from are environmentally friendly. In the textile sector the main raw material is fiber. Most textile products are made from the natural cotton fibers. But because of the shortage of this fiber, most of the researchers are looking forwards to other sources of natural fibers. Here in Bangladesh the natural jute fiber is available and the textile industries are making jute products but the jute products are comparatively lower price than cotton products. That's why some factories are making cotton-jute blended yarn to minimise the cost and increase the product's quality and appearance. Here in this research work, it was tried to identify the best cotton-jute blended ratio for producing good quality yarn. 80C-20 J, 60C-40 J and 40C-60 J blended ratios are compared with 100 C and 100 J yarn to analyse the results. The CV m%, Thick/Km +50 %, Neps/Km +200 %, IPI, RKM and Elongation% of blended yarns are evaluated and compared the results between the ratios. After that the yarn quality index (YQI) was calculated to identify the ratio which indicates a relation between yarns strength, elongation% and CVm. The other quality index was fiber quality index (FQI) which indicates a relation between fibers strength, fiber mean length, elongation% and fiber fineness. One way ANOVA was applied to see the significance level between the independent variables. Box plot was applied to see the visual effect of statistical analysis at the same time the regression results show the impact of cotton-jute ratio with an equation, through which it was easy to identify the perfect ratio. It was found that higher percentage of cotton and lower percentage of jute fiber blended yarn shows good results than others. The products which were made from the ratios were shown good results for their different use of purposes.

Present Status and Future Prospects of Jute Diversified Products in Domestic & Export Markets

"Now a day’s products diversification and commercialization are very challenging work in the field of agriculture. Jute is one of the cheapest as well as the strongest amongst the all other natural fibres. India is the largest producer of jute followed by Bangladesh and China and world leader in manufacturing jute goods. Tremendous competition from synthetic materials as well as declining demand for traditional jute goods, demand is expected to rise in respect of its value-added diversified products like fine yarn, blended yarn, specialty fabrics and non-woven based on jute and jute waste. Lots of innovative new products have been developed with high value-addition by the researchers now a days, viz., home textiles, jute composites, jute geo-textiles, paper pulp, technical textiles, chemical products, handicrafts and fashion accessories etc. Globally, demand for diversified jute products is growing particularly in developed country markets such as USA, Canada, Australia and Japan, where peoples are becoming increasingly conscious about carbon footprint of consumer goods."

Value Addition by SHgs in Jute Diversified Products (JDPs) in North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal

"Jute Diversified Products (JDPs) can be termed as all jute products excluding the sacking of any weave & geometry and excluding yarn for sale. The proportion of JDPs in total jute product exports has steadily increased over the last decade, rising from 17.12 per cent in 2010-11 to 43.37 per cent in 2019-20. With the increasing share of profit in terms of exports, JDPs can act as the silver lining in an otherwise declining jute industry. Other than that, environmentally friendly goods and services are now highly sought after globally. Manufacturing JDPs can thus provide employment opportunities to rural communities, especially women and various artisans, causing the least possible impact on the environment too.This paper investigates the value addition done on selected JDPs (Jute jewellery, Handbags, Handicrafts/ Gift items/ Showpieces, Decorative fabrics, Conference/ Seminar files) by SHGs in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. It was based on primary data collected from 9 SHGs and 120 SHG member respondents. The value addition by SHGs can be understood based on the channel through which the product is marketed. Two specific marketing channels were identified in the study area, i.e., Channel I: Input supplier → SHG → Retailer → Buyer and Channel II: Input supplier → SHG → Buyer. In channel I, the value addition made by SHGs in the case of Jute jewellery (33 nos.) was 69.26% (` 4564.99), for Handbags (3 nos.) was 74.72% (` 539.69), and for Handicrafts/ Gift items/ Showpieces (50 nos.) was 60.77% (` 16918.56). Meanwhile, it was 67.72% (` 841.49) for Decorative fabrics (1 no.) and 65.05% (` 599.84) for Conference/ Seminar files (4 nos.). In channel II, the value addition done by SHGs in the case of Jute jewellery (33 nos.) was 96.52% (` 5351.05); for Handbags (3 nos.), it was 90.57% (` 614.12) and for Handicrafts/ Gift items/ Showpieces (50 nos.) was 96.17% (` 18142.56). Meanwhile, it was 94.95% (` 1052.12) for Decorative fabrics (1 no.) and 91.99% (` 762.48) for Conference/ Seminar files (4 nos.) in the channel. The results showed that most of the value addition activities were done by SHGs. Hence, in these channels, SHGs were responsible for adding maximum value by transforming the raw materials into a product. Irregular orders of JDPs, unavailability of coloured yarn, and lack of exposure to international markets were the major problems faced by SHGs. There is a need to popularize and showcase the JDPs made by SHGs from India to tap into international markets through fairs or different government programmes to earn more foreign exchange. Production of coloured yarn should be encouraged."

EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN GREEN PRODUCTS

Green Products are coming from Natural origin. The use of such products are now increasing due to eco-friendly nature of such products .Jute is one such green product in India and it has economic value. The Raw Jute and Mesta are the two important crop productions in India. Due to Pandemic situation, the productions of such fibers were in decreasing trend in the year of 2019-20 and 2020-21. In the year of 2020-21, 95.6 lakhs tonnes of Raw Jute were produced in our country. Jute products exports value has been rising trend from 2015-16 to 2021-22. Due to bio degradable nature of the Jute fibre, the demands of Jute products are now in increasing trend. The Jute is used not only as packaging materials of food grain, it is now used in other areas , such as geo textiles, carpet, wall coverings, Garment, shoes and blanket . Some countries import yarn and fabrics from India and manufacture the finished products for further processing of various Jute goods. USA was the leading importer of Indian Jute goods from the year 2019-20 to 2021-22 . Exports value of Jute goods has been increased from 2019-20 to 2021-22 by 66.9 % for USA. France was the 2nd largest importer of Jute goods from India. The export value to France has been increased from 2846.74 Cr.in the year 2019-20 to 3659.90 Cr. of the year 2021-22 .Ghana, UK and Netherlands were the destination of Indian Jute products with rising trend of export value. Ghana was the 3rd largest importing of Jute goods in the year 2020-21 and 2021-22

Comparative Exploration of Traditional versus Improved Cultivation Practices vis-à-vis Return on Investment of Jute Production System in lower Gangetic Plain of India

"In the current study, an effort has been conferred to estimate the comparative return value per one-rupee investment for jute cultivation with traditional and improved practices. The research was carried out in four villages of two selected blocks of Murshidabad district in West Bengal and cost concepts were used for the estimation of the return on investment. In this inquiry, all calculations were done as per the land unit of acre (1 acre = 0.406 ha or 3.03 bigha). There were 35.85% savings in case of hired labour costs, while following improved practices over traditional practices. The Cost C2 for improved practices was almost 20% less than the Cost C2 incurred for traditional practices. Both the probability metric, B:C ratio and return on investment had been calculated in this manuscript. The benefit-cost (B:C) ratio over Cost C2 (includes all the production costs) and Cost B1 (total cost excluding the rental value of owned land and imputed value of family labour) for improved practices were 40.16% and 49.62% higher than that of traditional practices, respectively. The return on investment over both the Cost C2 and Cost B1 for improved practices were almost 100% than the traditional practices. That’s why the inclusion of improved technologies like multi-row seed drill, CRIJAF nail weeder, high-quality seeds like JRO 204, talc-based microbial consortium ‘CRIJAF SONA’, etc. are indispensable for jute production. So, it was evident that there was much more profitability in case of jute cultivation with improved practices for the marginal land-holding farmers."

Knowledge of the Farmers towards Recommended Jute Production Practices in Burdwan District of West Bengal, India

The study has been done in Burdwan district of West Bengal. The study has been conducted to measure the extent of Adoption Behaviour of farmers towards improved Jute Production Practices in Burdwan District of West Bengal. Based on the highest number of jute growers in the villages, a total of 120 respondents were purposely chosen from seven villages within the Kalna 1 and Kalna 2 block. The data has been collected through pre tested schedule and has been analyzed with proper statistical tools and techniques. According to the research, the majority of respondents (45.00%) were in the middle age range. According to all of the study's independent variables, the majority of respondents 72.50 percent had a medium degree of knowledge about the production technology for the jute crop. These respondents were followed by 18.33 and 9.17 percent of respondents with low and high levels of knowledge, respectively. Age, educational qualification, annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, risk orientation, were positively and significantly and however the variables types of family, occupation and land holding were non-significantly correlated and the variable house type was positively and significantly correlated with the knowledge with level of knowledge of farmers toward improved jute production practices.Top of Form

Consumers’ Opinions and Constraints towards Buying Jute Products in Jalpaiguri and Ludhiana District- A Comparative Study

The study was undertaken in Jalpaiguri of West Bengal and Ludhiana districts of Punjab, India. The paper analyse the consumers’ opinions and constraints faced by them towards buying Jute products. A total of 100 consumers respondents were selected randomly comprising 50 from each district. Multistage sampling was used to select respondents. A paired t-test and factor analysis were used to statistically analyse the collected data. The findings of the study shows that there are statistical significant difference in awareness and opinions of the rural and urban consumers towards buying of Jute products. Two important factors safety of the environment and Jute products are fashionable and quality products were found. The Garret ranking technique was employed to analyse the constraints faced by consumers. The results shows that lack of information, followed by poor after-sale service, and unavailability of jute products are important constraints faced by consumers when buying jute products.

Jute and kenaf carrier bags: an eco-friendly alternative to plastic bags in India.

Increasing demand for shopping and packaging carrier bags has given rise to various issues relating to its disposal as well as to the overall environmental footprint and sustainability of the packaging materials. This study assesses the carbon footprint and life cycle environmental impacts of the production, usage, and disposal of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and two natural fibre carrier bags (jute and kenaf). Life cycle assessment study was conducted of all inputs and outputs, aggregated in the form of resources used and environmental emissions, extending from the production of raw materials to the final disposal of the product. The carbon footprint and GHG emissions of jute and kenaf carrier bags were estimated using the CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions coefficients of inputs. Research literature from life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results was used to determine the effects of LDPE polyethylene packaging material. It was observed that the global warming potential (GWP) for the production of 1 kg of LDPE (100 micron) carrier bag (39.4 kg CO2eq) is more than 490 times higher than jute and kenaf carrier bags. In general, LDPE materials have the greatest impact on the carbon footprint and resource depletion. The LDPE material also has the highest impacts on indicators of terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and eutrophication as compared to jute and kenaf fibres. Since jute and kenaf are natural fibres, they sequester a substantial quantity of carbon during their agricultural stages. As a result, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission emissions of jute and kenaf were found to be negative. Popularising the use of jute and kenaf products as alternatives to plastic in industrialised countries would benefit the reduction of plastic waste and its negative environmental effects. Additional production of jute and kenaf fibre, which are already available in major bast fibre producing countries like India and Bangladesh, could meet the demand for fibre-based carrier bags.

Factors Influencing the Mindset toward Jute Revival: The Case of an Educated Generation in Bangladesh

We examined the factors affecting the potential of jute products and the supportive mindset toward the revival of jute entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. By using data obtained from an online questionnaire survey, we quantitatively investigated the relationship between the respondents’ mindset and their attributes. First, we found that the employment status as self-employed, the attitudes of Bangladeshi society, and jute product design were the most crucial variables influencing the potential of jute products. Secondly, the employment status as self-employed, the use of jute goods in daily life, and constraints on jute entrepreneurship had the most marked positive effects on supportive mindsets toward the need for jute entrepreneurship. Thirdly, the factors regarding inclination toward agri-entrepreneurs and conditions under which money could be saved had a significant negative effect on supportive mindsets toward jute entrepreneurship. This suggests that there is a trade-off between fostering entrepreneurship in agriculture and reviving a declining industry. Therefore, it is important to enhance further actions that will support the jute industry to revitalize.

Growth and Instability of International Trade of Jute in India

India is the largest producer of jute in the world. Among the important jute producing countries in the world, India had gained the first position in 2020 by producing about 1807 thousand tonnes of jute on an area of 691 thousand hectares and contributing a share of 67.21 and 49.47 per cent to the world’s total production and area of jute, respectively. In the present study efforts have been made to examine the growth performance of international trade of jute in India. The study was based on secondary data for the period of 30 years (1989-90 to 2018-19). The collected data were sub-divided into three periods, and the exponential growth function was used to anlysed the growth rates of jute. The instability in area, production, productivity, export and import were measured by Coppock’s Instability Index (CII) and Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability Index (CDVI). The results of growth rate showed negative trend in area of jute but production and productivity showed positive growth rates over the study period. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, export unit price, import quantity, import value and import unit price shown positive growth rates during overall period and found to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance. It was concluded that, India has been associated with moderate degree of variability in the jute production and productivity in the first sub period and this variability has been reduced significantly during the second and third period, while area recorded less variability during the study period. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, import quantity and import value have experienced high instability while the export unit price and import unit price registered stability during the study period.

Physical Test on Soyabean Oil-Stained Jute Fabric with Chemically Treated Jute and Raw Jute Fabric

Nowadays, Jute fabric is widely used in different decorative home textile purposes as a form of diversified jute products. In this study four types of samples were treated in different group to evaluate the physical parameters such as brightness level, FTIR, and shrinkage test. The use of jute fabric arises some problems during its multi-purpose of utilizes and in marketing process. This study will give clear results to know the physical test result performance of sample specimen of different types of jute fabric. To identify the characteristics of oil-stained treated fabric by different physical method, some jute fabrics were treated with different recipes of chemicals at different temperature, concentration and at different time interval. It has observed that Sodium carbonate exhibited comparatively better result (46.08).