Car Manufacturers Research Articles

Developing electric vehicles in China and the United States: Revisiting debates on industrial strategy

AbstractMotivationStrategies to develop manufacturing industry are the subject of lively debate over whether to follow or defy national comparative advantage. Electric vehicles (EVs), a major change for automobile manufacturers, are no exception.Despite the US government's promotion of global integration to activate the semi‐invisible hand of market forces, neither traditional Detroit automakers nor new firms, even with government grants or loans, were able to launch EVs on the world market promptly, with the notable exception of Tesla. In China, the government helped dozens of domestic electric vehicle manufacturers enter the market through formidable government subsidies. However, none of China's manufacturers, other than Wuling, were able to surpass Tesla in sales in China.The rapid growth of Tesla and Wuling without relying heavily on government protection and subsidies raises the question of whether their success can be attributed to other forms of state intervention.PurposeWhat policies and strategies enable manufacturers to develop and market a new technology, such as EVs? What can we learn by comparing the experiences of US and Chinese vehicle manufacturers?We consider these questions and what the implications are for debates about industrial development strategy.Methods and approachWe compare four carmaking firms—GM, Tesla, BYD, and Wuling—their business strategies and their interactions with the US and Chinese states. We draw on company reports, government documents, and press reports.FindingsBoth China and the US employed semi‐developmentalist, semi‐neoliberal policies to promote the manufacture of EVs. The US subsidized research and development in its automobile industry and provided incentives to consumers. It has subsequently moved to lending to the most promising firms for EV production. China, in contrast, has selectively subsidized EV firms all the way from development to marketing.Subsidies from the US government have been steady: they are expected to stay this way in the near term. However, the fastest‐growing carmakers have used outward foreign direct investment to gain competitive advantage. China's subsidies, on the other hand, have been unstable: linked to the performance of the target firms. The higher the firm's profit, the lower the subsidies and vice versa. China has been careful with subsidies to prevent rent seeking and moral hazard.Neither following nor defying comparative advantage explains the strategies followed by the four firms: comparative advantage considerations have been tempered by the possibilities of foreign investment.Policy implicationsThe results imply that traditional developmental strategies have resorted to inward foreign direct investment in high‐income countries as a means to learn technologies and outward foreign direct investment in low‐ and medium‐income countries as a way to reduce production costs, but have missed the comparative advantage of outward and inward foreign direct investment, and strategic mixes of these, when developing and diffusing radical innovation like EVs.

Whistleblowing intensity and distributor compliance in marketing channel networks

Purpose This paper aims to examine how channel whistleblowing intensity affects a distributor’s compliance to the manufacturer’s request and how that impact is influenced by institutional environments. Design/methodology/approach Based on paired survey data, which was collected from an automobile manufacturer in China and its 211 distributors, combined with secondary data, this study used hierarchical regression analyses to test the hypotheses. Findings The study finds that channel whistleblowing intensity has an inverted U-shaped effect on distributor compliance. In addition, this curvilinear effect is stronger in regions with more effective legal systems and higher social trust, but the authors do not find perceived vertical control moderating the effect of whistleblowing intensity on distributor compliance. Research limitations/implications First, this study enriches the marketing literature by highlighting the significance of whistleblowing and especially its downside in marketing channel management. Second, moving beyond prior marketing studies’ focus on bilateral controls, it recognizes channel whistleblowing as a peer-enforced control mechanism. Third, it identifies environmental factors as shift parameters that alter the impact of channel whistleblowing, attesting to the importance of “discriminating alignment.” Practical implications The findings caution channel managers against the double-edged effects of whistleblowing and inform the conditions that amplify this impact. Originality/value This work highlights the bright and dark sides of channel whistleblowing and uncovers situations in which it works or fails to promote distributor compliance.

Predictive Analytics in ADAS Development: Leveraging CRM Data for Customer-Centric Innovations in Car Manufacturing

The rapid evolution of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) has transformed the automotive landscape, necessitating a shift towards more customer-centric development strategies. This paper explores the integration of predictive analytics with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) data to foster innovations in ADAS development. By harnessing insights from customer interactions, preferences, and feedback, manufacturers can anticipate market demands and tailor ADAS features to enhance user experience. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies and industry practices, we demonstrate how predictive analytics can improve decision-making processes, facilitate the identification of emerging trends, and optimize resource allocation. The findings underscore the potential of leveraging CRM data to drive customer- focused innovations, ultimately resulting in enhanced vehicle safety, satisfaction, and competitive advantage in the automotive sector.

Consumer preference and willingness-to-pay for formal recycling of electric vehicle batteries: a discrete choice experiment study

The burgeoning electric vehicle (EV) market poses a substantial challenge to battery recycling systems, yet understanding EV battery recycling behavior from the demand side remains limited. Previous studies have analyzed perceptual or attitudinal factors, neglecting the observable attributes of EV battery recycling. To this end, we proposed a discrete choice model to investigate the differences between formal and informal recycling behaviors, identifying consumer preferences and willingness to pay. By analyzing 1190 sample data collected from Chongqing, China, we find that: (1) The formal recycling market exhibits greater sensitivity to prices compared to the informal recycling market. (2) The formal recycling market favors recycling by EV battery producers, whereas the informal recycling market shows the least preference for recycling by automobile producers. (3) Door-to-door recycling services are the most effective in facilitating the transition from informal to formal recycling markets for EV batteries. (4) Capacity subsidy policies outperform one-time fixed subsidy policies in incentivizing formal recycling. (5) The formal recycling market for EV batteries necessitates "traceability to the recycling outlet", as opposed to being untraceable. (6) The high-awareness group exhibits greater sensitivity to government policies compared to those with lower environmental concerns and less knowledge of EV battery recycling.

Classification of faults in friction stir processed composites using a machine learning and ensemble learning approach

Abstract Aluminium alloy based surface composites with hard reinforcement particles have wide scope in aerospace and automobile manufacturing industries. In this paper, the aluminium composites, manufactured by friction stir processing (FSP) with varying parameters are investigated for the faults occurred during fabrication process. It explores a machine-learning approach to detect defects of surface hybrid composites with an Al6061 alloy matrix, reinforced with copper and graphene nano-powders, using friction stir processing and a tungsten carbide tool on a milling machine. Multi-sensor time series data (vibration, force, and current) collected during fabrication, is preprocessed and labelled with normal and defective categories (e.g., pin break, brazing break, rough surface, no composite) using visual inspection. The important time domain and frequency domain features are extracted using different libraries in python. Thenafter, various types of feature selection techniques, viz filter, wrapper and embedded methods are implemented to select most relevant features. The selected subset of features from all selection methods used, are applied to different machine learning and ensemble learning classifiers and their performances are evaluated. The optimal combinations of the type of feature selection method and classifier used, are obtained for efficient classification of surface defects in composited formed by FSP. The real time monitoring and defect detection system can be developed in future for the composites developed by FSP using the developed models.

INFLUENCE OF FILLER SIZE ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE POLYMER MATRIX

Purpose. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particle size on the mechanical properties of a polymer composite with added chopped glass fiber, as well as to explore the interaction between aluminum oxide particles and chopped glass fiber. Research methods. Specimens were tested for tensile strength according to DSTU EN ISO 527-5:2018. Testing was conducted using an MTS Criterion Model 43 universal testing machine with a maximum load of 50 kN. Metallographic analysis was performed using a KEYENCE VHX microscope at magnifications of 50× and 500×. The microstructure of the polymer matrix was determined on unetched samples. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out using a JEOL JSM-5510LV microscope. Results. The influence of introducing different sizes of aluminum oxide fraction on the polymer matrix was studied. It was found that with an increase in the fraction size, the strength of the polymer composition decreases. Additionally, the interaction between chopped glass fiber and various fractions of aluminum oxide on the mechanical characteristics and morphology of the connection with the polymer composition was investigated. Scientific novelty. The interaction of chopped fiber with aluminum oxide fractions may affect the mechanical properties of the composite, such as strength, stiffness, and elasticity. Investigation of the morphology of the connection between chopped fiber and aluminum oxide fractions can help understand how they interact within the composite structure. This includes analyzing the adhesion between components, the structure of junctions, and possible defects that may arise during the manufacturing process. Studying this interaction opens up opportunities for the development of new composite materials with improved properties and diverse applications in industry, construction, aviation, automotive, and other fields. Practical value. The practical significance lies in refining manufacturing technologies and implementing new materials in industry. The ability to control the mechanical properties of composites by changing the size of aluminum oxide fractions can contribute to the creation of more efficient materials for the production of automobiles, aircraft, building constructions, and more. Additionally, understanding the interaction between chopped glass fiber and aluminum oxide fractions may open up new possibilities for developing composites with unique mechanical characteristics that meet the requirements of modern technologies and industrial production.

A Study on Consumers’ Willingness to Purchase Autonomous Vehicles from a Multi-Party Interaction Perspective: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model Involving the Government, Automobile Manufacturers, and Consumers

With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, the advent of the autonomous driving era has become inevitable. An in-depth study of consumers’ willingness to purchase autonomous vehicles is critical to accelerating the adoption and commercialization of autonomous vehicles. By constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model of governments, automobile manufacturers, and consumers, we analyze the stable choice of unilateral strategy and equilibrium strategy of autonomous vehicle purchase intention. The MATLAB2022b tool was used for data simulation analysis to verify the validity of the conclusion and the influence of related factors on the purchase intention toward autonomous vehicles. The results show the following: (1) The combination of government support, active R&D, and consumer purchasing is the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) of the model. (2) With an increase in government support, the probability of automobile enterprises taking the initiative to participate in R&D also increases. However, the negative impact of risk can significantly reduce the incentive for firms to conduct R&D and reduce the effectiveness of government support. (3) Government subsidies to consumers and purchase incentives offered by automotive companies can significantly increase the likelihood that consumers will purchase an autonomous vehicle. Based on these findings, recommendations are made to strengthen government support, establish risk mitigation mechanisms, and strengthen market promotion efforts to promote the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. The study provides a new perspective for understanding multi-party interactions in the rollout of autonomous vehicles and provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders.

Analyzing The Investable Value of Five Automotive CompaniesThrough Financial Data and Data Mining Techniques

Automobile industry is a capital-intensive, technology-intensive modern industry, after more than a hundred years of development and evolution, the automobile manufacturing industry has formed a huge industrial chain, becoming one of the world’s largest and most important industries with the highest output value. In this research, I selected five world-famous automobile brand companies, stands for Ferrari, Bentley, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, and Rolls-Royce. With reference to the operating financial data such as balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, year-end market share values, etc. of these five companies for the years 2021-2023, several financial ratios are used for comparative analysis and Ferrari is recommended as a company with the most promising investment outlook.

An Introduction to Lagrange Multipliers: Theory and Applications in Economics

The purpose of this paper is to explore the basic applications of the Lagrange multiplier method in economics and to help beginners build their understanding of this mathematical tool. Tesla Inc. is used as a case study to examine how it maximizes profits by optimizing pricing and marketing expenses under given market conditions and constraints. The context of the study includes the importance of maintaining Tesla’s leadership position as the world’s leading electric car manufacturer in a competitive market. In this paper, the Lagrange multiplier method is used to incorporate specific market share and marketing expense constraints into the profit function and to find the extreme values by constructing the Lagrange function and solving for the derivatives. However, the results of the study show that the solutions obtained are extreme minima rather than the expected maxima. This result highlights the possible limitations of the Lagrange multiplier method in economic optimization problems. Nonetheless, this paper provides valuable lessons for understanding and applying the Lagrange multiplier method and points the way for further research on the application of optimization methods in economic decision making.

An Analysis of Tesla's Disruptive Innovation Strategy

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, governments and automobile manufacturers are generally aware that environmental protection is an important direction for the development of the future automotive industry, and Tesla, as a representative of the global new energy electric vehicles, has great research significance. In the fierce environment of the automobile market, Tesla has won the leadership position with many innovations. Therefore, the company is considered a disruptive innovation by the public. This paper focuses on whether Teslas innovation is disruptive innovation, and studies Teslas disruptive innovation strategy through literature reading and qualitative analysis. This paper discusses the definition of disruptive innovation, Teslas current innovation status and explores the difference between it and incremental innovation. This paper draws the conclusion that Tesla is a disruptive innovation by considering whether it creates a value network as a breakthrough point. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions, including extending the product line, adjusting its price to maintain its competitive advantage and innovation, adjusting the channel level based on local markets, provide more extreme and detailed experiential marketing and after-sales service, so as to promote Tesla's sustainable innovation.

Balancing Sustainability and Cost: Green Electricity Adoption in Chinese Vehicle Manufacturing

Abstract: Against the backdrop of escalating environmental concerns and the worldwide drive towards achieving carbon neutrality, this paper tackles the urgent task of incorporating environmentally-friendly electricity into an industry known for its substantial energy usage. The central research focuses on the justification of investing in green electricity for vehicle manufacturers in China, taking into account the abundance of other carbon reduction choices that may provide more economically efficient solutions. The study utilizes literature analysis and review to examine the economic and environmental consequences of adopting green electricity. It situates the topic within the larger framework of China's goals for sustainable economic growth and carbon neutrality. Its objective is to provide clarity on the compromises between sustainability and affordability, providing valuable perspectives on how automobile manufacturers may effectively negotiate these obstacles while actively supporting the worldwide initiative to combat climate change.

Legacy and alternative plasticizers in sediment from artificial lakes and coastal waters near high-tech industrial complexes in Korea: Contamination, ecological risk, mass inventory, and dilution factor

Few studies have been conducted on the occurrence and distribution of alternative plasticizers (APs) in aquatic environments. Legacy plasticizers (LPs) and APs were measured in sediments collected from four artificial lakes and a bay surrounded by high-tech industrial complexes. Bis(2–ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis(2–ethylhexyl) terephthalate were major plasticizers. The concentrations of LPs and APs in sediment were similar, implying rapid adoption of APs. The highest AP concentrations were observed in sediment from a lake close to semi-conductor, liquid crystal display, and automobile manufactures, suggesting a preferential shift to APs. Contamination profiles of APs differed according to industrial type. The mass inventories of plasticizers in sediment from the lakes were 25 times higher than those from the bay. Hydrophobicity was a major factor determinant of dilution factors of plasticizers in sedimentary environments. The DEHP concentrations in lake sediments exceeded threshold values, indicating potential health risks to benthic organisms.

Survival 1.0: A Novel Autonomous Industrial Mobile Warehouse (AIMW) for Industrial Environments

This article presents the design, implementation and start-up of the first AIMW (Autonomous Industrial Mobile Warehouse) in the industry, in particular, in the factory located at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes (Valencia). This first version has been given the name of “Survival”, due to its ability to survive the industrial environment commonly known as “the jungle”. The motivation for the design of the first AIMW was due to the management of spare warehouses for maintenance tasks. In all factories there is a central warehouse where replacement materials with a higher probability of use are placed near the warehouse exit, thus reducing the time to obtain the replacement. However, in large factories, such as automobile manufacturing, the distance between the central warehouse and the place where the breakdown occurs may cause very long delays. For this reason, there are smaller warehouses distributed throughout the plant that replicate the part of the central warehouse where the most used materials are kept. The objective of our research is to make that part of the central warehouse mobile with the AIMW design, thus eliminating the fixed warehouses. In the factory at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes there are 170 of these warehouses distributed in a homogeneous way. In this first proposal of an AIMW, and with the primary objective of reducing costs, Survival 1.0 has been designed based on a commercial AMR. For its choice, commercial AMRs were tested in real situations within the Ford factory (Almussafes). As a result, none of them were able to pass all the tests. In addition, the current regulations for AMRs, the ANSI/ITSDF B56.5:2019 and the EN 1525:1997 standard, only define minimum test standards to describe how manufacturers and users must carry out the safety measurements of AGVs and AMRs. However, from an industry point of view, these regulations are not adequate. Therefore, there are extensions of these regulations generated by the companies themselves that imply additional developments of commercial AMRs. This paper shows the developments made to be able to integrate the first AIMW into the production line, but it also shows the gap between research and standardization of AMRs with respect to the demands and needs of the industry. There are currently three Survival 1.0 AIMWs in operation in the factory at Ford España S.L. in Almussafes.

ANALYSIS OF THE INDICATORS OF THE DEPOT REPAIR OF PASSENGER CARS

The article presents the results of the analysis of the technical characteristics of passenger cars and the main indicators of depot repairs of passenger cars. The indicators of depot repairs of passenger cars on the Southern Railway by types and manufacturers of cars for the period from 2015 to 2020 were studied. The data analysis indicates that in the overall structure of the volume of depot repairs of passenger cars by type, compartment cars predominate, while interregional passenger cars have the smallest share. In the overall structure of the volume of passenger cars depot repairs by manufacturing enterprises, cars of the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works predominate, while the smallest share is made in Germany. The largest number of depot repairs were carried out for sleeping, compartment and interregional cars built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. The age of the cars that underwent depot repairs during the period from 2015 to 2020 ranges 10 to 20 years. The age of the majority of non-compartment cars that underwent depot repairs during the specified period ranges 30 to 40 years. The analysis shows that the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car built by the Tver Carriage Works is lower than the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. The cost of depot repairs of German and Russian compartment cars is lower than the cost of depot repairs of a compartment car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works. It was established that the cost of depot repairs of a compartment car built by the Kryukovsky Railway Car Building Works is lower, and the cost of an interregional car is higher than the cost of depot repairs of a sleeping car of the same manufacturer. The analysis shows an almost annual increase in cost over the period, which is due to an increase in material and labor costs.

Engineering the Future: Robotics in the Automotive Industry Explained

The study provides an overview of the potential applications of industrial robots in the automobile sector, which is now the market's most significant client. An overview of the use of robots in global industry is provided in the first section of the article, which also discusses the state of industrial robot utilization. The most popular uses of robots, particularly in the automotive sector, are covered later, along with developments and outlooks for the field's future. The essay concluded with a specific project overview regarding robotized screw tightening on the car seat production line, which served as a model task from actual industrial practice.The many uses of robots in the automobile industry are examined in this review, including material handling, welding, painting, assembly line automation, and quality control. It emphasizes how collaborative robots (cobots) enhance human-robot interaction and how advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence maximize robotic performance. Keywords: Industrial robot; robotics in automotive; production of passenger cars; transport and production; automated assembly line

5G Network Slicing as a Service Enabler for the Automotive Sector

ABSTRACTNetwork slicing, a key technology introduced in 5G standards, enables mobile networks to simultaneously support a wide range of heterogeneous use cases with diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements. This work discusses the potential benefits of network slicing for the automotive sector, encompassing manufacturing processes and vehicular communications. The review of the state of the art reveals a clear gap regarding the application of network slicing from the perspective of industrial verticals such as automotive use cases and their specific requirements. Departing from this observation, we first identify limitations of previous cellular technologies and open challenges for supporting the data services required. Then we describe network slicing as an enabler to face these challenges. We present an analysis of the cost equilibrium for network slicing to be effective for car manufacturers, and tests in real 5G networks that demonstrate the performance improvement in OTA updates coexisting with other services.

Satisfaction analysis of 5G remote ultrasound robot for diagnostics based on a structural equation model.

With the increasing application of 5G remote ultrasound robots in healthcare, robust methods are in critical demand to assess participant satisfaction and identify its influencing factors. At present, there is limited empirical research on multi-parametric and multidimensional satisfaction evaluation of participants with 5G remote ultrasound robot examination. Previous studies have demonstrated that structural equation modeling (SEM) effectively integrates various statistical techniques to examine the relationships among multiple variables. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction of participants with 5G remote ultrasound robot examination and its influencing factors using SEM. Between April and June 2022, 213 participants from Wuhan Automobile Manufacturing Company underwent remote ultrasound examinations using the MGIUS-R3 remote ultrasound robot system. After these examinations, the participants evaluated the performance of the 5G remote ultrasound robot based on their personal experiences and emotional responses. They completed a satisfaction survey using a self-developed questionnaire, which included 19 items across five dimensions: examination efficiency, examination perception, communication perception, value perception, and examination willingness. A SEM was established to assess the satisfaction of participants with the 5G remote ultrasound robot examinations and the influencing factors. A total of 201 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall satisfaction of participants with the 5G remote ultrasound robot examination was 45.43 ± 11.60, with 169 participants (84%) expressing satisfaction. In the path hypothesis relationship test, the dimensions of examination efficiency, examination perception, communication perception, and value perception had positive effects on satisfaction, with standardized path coefficients of 0.168, 0.170, 0.175, and 0.191. Satisfaction had a direct positive effect on examination willingness, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.260. Significant differences were observed across different educational levels in the dimensions of examination perception, communication perception, value perception, and examination willingness. Participants with different body mass indices also showed significant differences in examination perception; all p-values were less than 0.05. In this study, value perception was identified as the most significant factor influencing satisfaction. It could be improved by enhancing participants' understanding of the accuracy and safety of 5G remote ultrasound robot examinations. This enhances satisfaction and the willingness to undergo examinations. Such improvements not only facilitate the widespread adoption of this technology but also promote the development of telemedicine services.

Analytic Hierarchy Process Based-Evaluation of Dismantling Practices on End-Life-Vehicle for Automobile Workshops

Nowadays, the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has increased due to increased automobile production. One of the crucial in processing ELVs is dismantling. However, most of the developing countries still have limited specific dismantling infrastructure. Most of the ELV management started at the automobile workshop. Hence the purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of dismantling ELV in automobile workshops. This paper focuses on identifying and analysing factors that can affect the effectiveness of dismantling ELV in automobile workshops. A literature survey has been conducted to identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of ELV's dismantling in automobile workshops. A total of 30 factors are obtained which are further classified into five main factors which are human resources (HR), ELV facilities (EF), ELV material (EM), cost concern (CC), and customer-driven (CD). An approach based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized to analyse the factors for developing a list of priority of these factors. The result of this study shows that workshop owner experience in ELV dismantling management, worker skills of ELV dismantling, enough dismantling space, development of suitable tools, and dismantling difficulties of ELV material are identified as the top five factors affecting the effective of ELV dismantling in automobile workshop. The automobile workshop or any policymakers can use the priority list of factors developed in this paper's findings for managing the dismantling process in the automobile workshop.

Фронтиры развития автопроизводства в РФ в условиях адаптации к новым вызовам

The automotive industry is one of the main industries in mechanical engineering. It accounts for a large share of capital investments. The conveyor assembly system, which was widely used in this industry at the time, radically changed the entire industry of the XX century. The multiplicative effect of car production makes the industry the "locomotive" of the economy. The automotive industry is today one of the frontiers in the development of our country's economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the situation in the Russian car market and assess the prospects for the development of the Russian automotive industry in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the strengthening of sanctions restrictions by unfriendly countries. In the process of working on the study, methods of analysis, synthesis, description, comparative, problematic, logistic and dynamic methods were used. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: the automotive industry plays an essential role in the processes of globalization of the modern economy. However, the disruption of logistics chains had a negative impact on the situation in the domestic automotive industry and the consumer market, led to a reduction in production and an increase in unemployment in this industry. The way out of this situation is to reorient domestic car production to cooperate with companies from friendly countries, such as China, and establish logistics chains through intermediary countries, such as Kazakhstan, but adjusted for minimizing costs. An important role in solving this problem can be played by the development and implementation of an import substitution mechanism in the production of domestic cars, including electric cars. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the proposed frontiers in the stabilization of Russian automotive production have been identified taking into account the impact of both external and internal factors in the current volatile economic situation caused by the reaction of unfriendly countries towards Russia.

СВІТОВІ ТРЕНДИ У АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДІВНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ: УРОКИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article demonstrates that the automotive industry is a significant component of the global economy due to its overall market volume, contribution to GDP, and the number of employed workers. The importance of the automotive industry has prompted an exploration of current global trends in the automotive industry. The trends identified include the development of 'green' technologies in the context of addressing climate change, the rise of 'green' protectionism, and the intensification of economic rivalry between China and Western countries. Other trends encompass the proliferation of autonomous vehicles based on the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, the integration of cars into the broader network of connected devices within the Internet of Things and cloud technologies, the increased concentration of global value chains, the growth of the sharing economy, urbanization, and the development of urban transport. Furthermore, there is a heightened emphasis on the safety of vehicles, along with regulatory frameworks addressing these requirements. The emergence and development of individual flying devices as alternative modes of transportation are also noteworthy trends. With the aim of assessing the relevance of these trends for Ukraine and their implementation, manifestations of these trends in Ukraine have been evaluated. It has been shown that the most pronounced manifestations include the increased concentration of global value chains and urbanization along with the development of urban transport. To assess the prospects for further development of the examined trends in Ukraine, an evaluation of the readiness of the Ukrainian economy to implement these trends in the automotive industry is presented. The analysis reveals that the Ukrainian economy is most prepared for trends such as the development of 'green' technologies in the context of combating climate change and the growth of the sharing economy. It is shown that the trends in automotive engineering both present opportunities and pose threats to domestic car manufacturers. The composition of these opportunities and threats is outlined. Explored opportunities are mainly associated with the emergence of additional market segments, a stable demand pattern, and the creation of additional economic advantages. The presented threats are mostly linked to changes in demand structure and the insufficient competitiveness of Ukrainian automobile manufacturers in the global market. Factors limiting the opportunities of Ukrainian automotive manufacturers are identified, and the consequences of these factors are demonstrated, ultimately leading to the insufficient competitiveness of Ukrainian producers, an inability to scale production, and difficulties in technical upgrading. The results of the article are of interest for shaping the development of the automotive industry in Ukraine.