Production Of Anticancer Compounds Research Articles

Exploring the complex and multifaceted interplay of the gut microbiome and cancer prevention and therapy.

Recent scientific research has indicated that the gut microbiota constitutes a nuanced, diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that have gained significant attention due to its crucial involvement in shaping human health and diseases. In particular, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in cancer prevention, and disturbances in its composition and function, known as dysbiosis, that have been linked to an increased risk of developing various malignancies. The gut microbiota exerts a myriad of effects on the production of anti-cancer compounds, the host's immune system and inflammation, underscoring its crucial involvement in cancer. Additionally, recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota has a role in the development of cancer, influencing cancer risk, co-infections, disease progression, and treatment response. The observation of reduced efficacy of immunotherapy in patients receiving antibiotic treatment indicates a substantial influence of the microbiota in mediating the toxicity and response ofcancer therapy, notably immunotherapy, and its immune-related side effects. A growing body of research has focused on cancer treatments that target the microbiome, including probiotics, dietary modifications, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The forthcoming era of personalised cancer therapies is anticipated to prioritise tumor evolution, molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, and immunological profiling, with gut microbiota assuming a pivotal position in this domain. This review aims to offer clinicians a comprehensive perspective on the microbiota-cancer axis, including its influence on cancer prevention and therapy and highlights the importance of integrating microbiome science into the design and implementation of cancer therapies.

Antioncogenic potential of probiotics: Challenges and future prospective

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that have shown to possess numerous health benefits. Recently, there has been budding interests in the utilization of probiotics as a prospective weapon for cancer deterrence and management. The antioncogenic attributes of probiotics were provided through various mechanisms such as immune modulation, production of anticancer compounds, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. The current study shed light on the antioncogenic probiotic strains and explored their anticancer mechanisms. However, the use of probiotics for cancer prevention and treatment also poses several challenges, including the identification of specific strains with the most potent antioncogenic effects, the optimal dosage and duration of treatment, and the hazards allied with the implementation of live microorganisms. Additionally, the heterogeneity of cancer types and patients' microbiomes further complicate the selection of probiotics for clinical applications. Hence, future study should concentrate on the development of alternative approaches such as the use of microbial-derived components, genetically modified probiotics, and synthetic biology to overcome these challenges and enhance the antioncogenic potential of probiotics.

Terpenoids as cytotoxic compounds: A perspective

Natural products serve as safe and effective therapeutic agents for the drug discovery. Plants produce bioactive secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and others, which have profusely been studied for anti-infective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory potential, and metabolic disorders to name a few. Terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compound. The study investigates the novel cytotoxic compound of the terpenoid family isolated from different natural sources. The anticancerous activities of the compounds discussed in this review are taken from the published articles showing activity against specific cancer cell lines. The compounds exclusively belong to terpenoid family. Considering the huge potential of plant-based natural products in drug discovery program and the contribution of terpenoid in the production of anticancer compounds, it can be exploited for more reliable economical and environmentally safe bioactive molecules.

Suppositional area for the search of bacterial products for anticancer therapy

It is well-known that bacteria can produce compounds which show anticancer effects. In present time, it is impossible to check all bacterial species on their possible production of anticancer compounds (AC) under different conditions. Thus, it is necessary to limit the area for search of bacterial products for the anticancer therapy. We propose that production of AC by bacteria is a part of microbial biological strategy under natural conditions. We propose that bacteria in soils, in water and on plants do not meet human tumors and their AC serve for the competition with eukaryotic organisms. Most probably, an epiphytic growth of bacilli is accompanied with production of compounds inhibiting eukaryotes. According to awaited profit for the AC-producing bacteria, the epiphytic groups of bacilli show inhibition of mycelial fungi which are a natural model of eukaryotic cells. An example of strain isolation and a primary test is presented.

Comparative biotechnological study of two subspecies of Linum thracicum for production of anticancer compounds

Comparative biotechnological study of two subspecies of Linum thracicum for production of anticancer compounds

Sustainable bioproduction of phytochemicals by plant in vitro cultures: anticancer agents

Due to their complex structure with several chiral centres important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants and not synthesized chemically on a commercial scale. Sustainable bioproduction of the compounds of interest may be achieved by plant in vitro cultures. Undifferentiated callus and suspension cultures, which can be cultivated in large bioreactors easily, very often fail to accumulate the compounds of interest, whereas shoot and root cultures as well hairy roots normally produce the same compounds as in the appropriate organs. The production of anticancer compounds, such as the alkaloids vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel (Taxol®), camptothecin, or the lignan podophyllotoxin, by plant in vitro cultures is reviewed. Taxanes can be produced in bioreactors using cell suspensions of various Taxus species with good yields; presently paclitaxel is produced on a commercial scale by Phyton Biotech (Germany). Camptothecin has low yields in suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata or Nothapodytes foetida (0.0003–0.01%), but a good production (0.1–0.3% dry wt) in root and hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila, O. mungos and C. acuminata. Podophyllotoxin can be produced in cell suspension and root as well as hairy root cultures of Podophyllum and various Linum species up to 130 mg/l (Linum album cell suspensions); its derivative 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin is accumulated in hairy roots of L. persicum up to about 500 mg/l. The in vitro production of dimeric indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus has failed so far both in undifferentiated and differentiated in vitro cultures. In cases where in vitro cultures show good yields, they can be employed in biotechnology for the sustainable production of valuable products.