Production Of Acidic Polysaccharide Research Articles

Stability of short and long O-chain lipopolysaccharide types in Rhizobium galegae and their correlation with symbiotic properties and growth conditions, tolerance of low pH, aluminum and salt in the growth medium

We recently showed that Rhizobium galegae strains had two different lipopolysaccharide types, short and long O-chain. In the present study we observed that the lipopolysaccharide type was a stable feature of the strain. Both types persisted in cells at all phases of the growth cycle, during differentiation of bacteria into bacteroids and when the cells were grown under environmental stress. When R. galegae strains were grown at low pH or in medium containing aluminum or salt, simulating conditions in acid soils of temperate regions and osmotic stress, respectively, the tolerance of low pH was associated with the long O-chain lipopolysaccharide and abundant acidic polysaccharide production.

Extracellular acidic polysaccharide production by a two-membered bacterial coculture.

A two-membered coculture of strains KYM-7 and KYM-8, identified as Cellulomonas cellulans and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively, produced a large amount of an extracellular polysaccharide, designated APK-78, from starch. Each strain in pure culture produced only very little amount of polysaccharide from starch; the coexistence of the two strains from the early stage of cultivation was indispensable for a large amount of polysaccharide to be produced. The polysaccharide APK-78 was acidic and composed of glucose, galactose, succinic acid, and pyruvic acid with a molar ratio of 8.1:1.0:1.7:1.0, indicating that it is a succinoglycan type of polysaccharide.

Effect of Sub-MICs of Antibiotics on the Hydrophobicity and Production of Acidic Polysaccharide by Vibrio vulnificus

Background: Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which can occur in vivo, have been demonstrated to alter the production of bacterial virulence factors, including the capsule, or the interaction between microorganism and phagocyte by affecting surface hydrophobicity. Methods: Using a microtiter assay system, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, cephalothin and doxycycline on the surface hydrophobicity and production of acidic polysaccharide by Vibrio vulnificus (8 human isolates, 8 environmental isolates) was determined. Results: All four drugs, in a dose-dependent manner, caused alterations in adherence to polystyrene, a measure of surface hydrophobicity, and the production of acidic polysaccharides, as determined by Alcian blue staining. Conclusion: The changes in capsule production and surface hydrophobicity measured in response to sub-MICs of antibiotics appear to be independent variables.

Acidic Polysaccharide Production from Uronic Acids by Facultative Anaerobe of Aeromonas sp. GLCA 9B.

Acidic Polysaccharide Production from Uronic Acids by Facultative Anaerobe of Aeromonas sp. GLCA 9B.

Stability of short and long O-chain lipopolysaccharide types in Rhizobium galegae and their correlation with symbiotic properties and growth conditions, tolerance of low pH, aluminum and salt in the growth medium

We recently showed that Rhizobium galegae strains had two different lipopolysaccharide types, short and long O-chain. In the present study we observed that the lipopolysaccharide type was a stable feature of the strain. Both types persisted in cells at all phases of the growth cycle, during differentiation of bacteria into bacteroids and when the cells were grown under environmental stress. When R. galegae strains were grown at low pH or in medium containing aluminum or salt, simulating conditions in acid soils of temperate regions and osmotic stress, respectively, the tolerance of low pH was associated with the long O-chain lipopolysaccharide and abundant acidic polysaccharide production.

Effects of Cyclic AMP on the Production of Acidic Polysaccharide by a Benzalkonium Chloride-resistsant Bacterium(Enterobacter species).

Effects of Cyclic AMP on the Production of Acidic Polysaccharide by a Benzalkonium Chloride-resistsant Bacterium(Enterobacter species).

Effects of nitrogen source on the production of acidic polysaccharide by a benzalkonium chlorideresistant bacterium (Enterobacter species).

Effects of nitrogen source on the production of acidic polysaccharide by a benzalkonium chlorideresistant bacterium (Enterobacter species).

Induced production of acidic polysaccharide by benzalkonium chloride-resistant bacterium (Enterobacter species) in the presence of hexachlorophen and chlorhexidine.

The bacterium, which was isolated from soil and identified as Enterobacter sp., was induced by hexachlorophen (HCP) and chlorhexidine (CH), as well as benzalkonium chloride (BC), to produce acidic polysaccharide. HCP is a bisphenol and CH is a bisbiguanido, while BC is a quarternary ammonium compound. The cells produced the maximum amount of the polysaccharide (0.3 ~ 0.9 mg as total sugar/mg dry weight cells) in a 0.07m potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.22 m glucose and approximately 0.1 mm BC or HCP, or 0.06 mm CH. There was no growth of the cells in these conditions. The polysaccharides produced in the presence of each drug were all composed of fucose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid. At the optimum concentration for polysaccharide production, a large amount of UV-absorbing material was released from the cells.

Acidic polysaccharide production from methane by a new methane-oxidizing bacterium H-2.

A thermophilic obligate methane-oxidizing bacterium, H-2, produced two kinds of extracellular acidic polysaccharides (Polymer I and Polymer II) from methane as a single carbon and energy source. The maximum total polysaccharide production was 1.8 g, together with 3.6 g of dry cells, per liter of the culture medium. Polymer I and Polymer II contained 37% and 56% of sugars, respectively, consisting of glucose, mannose, galactosamine and glucuronic acid. In addition, these polysaccharides contained about 38% and 30% of amino acids, respectively.

Induced production of acidic polysaccharide by benzalkonium chloride in a bacterium and some properties of the acidic polysaccharide produced.

A bacterium isolated as resistant to alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (benzalko-nium chloride, BC) and tentatively identified as Enterobacter cloacae, was induced by BC to produce acidic polysaccharide. The optimum concentration of BC for production of the poly-saccharide was 0.1% and the polysaccharide produced amounted to 1.0_??_2.0mg per ml of cul-ture broth. The best carbon and nitrogen sources for the polysaccharide production were glycerol and polypeptone. The acidic polysaccharide was consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid, pyruvate, and acetate, like colanic acid. The production of the acidic polysaccharide was not induced by the addition of trimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tetramethylammonium chloride, but it was induced by p-fluorophenylalanine, and the results are discussed.