Product Test Research Articles

Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification: 2024 revision.

The United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) of a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) for pregnant women is a proven evidence-based nutrition intervention and is listed on the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines. The 2024 revision of the Expert Consensus on an Open-Access UNIMMAP MMS Product Specification provides both purchasers and manufacturers with unified guidance on the production of UNIMMAP MMS. More specifically, it outlines the minimum requirements for the manufacture of UNIMMAP MMS and provides guidance on quality and regulatory standards based on whether the product is manufactured as a medicinal product or a dietary supplement. The product specification includes ingredients, excipients/food additives, and processing aids used in manufacturing UNIMMAP MMS; stability testing for different climatic zones; packaging and labeling considerations; pharmacopeial standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product test specifications, including tablet characterization and purity/strength assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements.

Design and implementation of audio-visual learning media for volleyball passing and serving techniques in junior high school

One of the main challenges in physical education learning is the limited availability of appropriate and interesting learning media for students. This research aimed to develop audio-visual learning media products in class VIII junior high school PE subjects on specific motion material for variations in upper passing, lower passing variations, upper service variations, and lower service variations in volleyball games. The research was conducted as development research adopted the Borg Gall model: preliminary study, planning stage and initial research product development, expert validity test stage and product revision, small- and large-scale tests, effectiveness test and distribution of learning media products. Validation of learning media development is carried out by learning material experts, learning media experts, and learning media design experts. Following the expert validation of the learning content and material by subject matter experts, the validation of the learning media by media specialists, and the validation of the learning media design, further validation conducted by an online questionnaire to gather further feedback and insights. The results were obtained in the form of audio-visual learning media products that were tested to large groups receiving a validation score of 93% from learning material experts, 94% from learning media experts, and 95% from learning media design experts. For the effectiveness test, pre and post-tests on improving volleyball passing and serving skills has done and obtained the experimental class obtained a gain value of 0.62 and the control class obtained a gain value of 0.28. This research concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media in physical education showed positive results in improving understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes of volleyball games. With the right support, this media can be an effective tool to enrich the learning experience and support the achievement of physical education goals.

Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Potensi Sumber Daya Alam pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di Kelas VIII SMP

This research aims to develop valid and practical learning video media to be used as a supporting media in the learning process. The research was conducted using a type of research and development (R&D) with a 4D development model. The development procedures of this development are defined, design, development, and disseminate. The findings of this study, namely the development of learning video media using the Wondershare Filmora application in social studies subjects for grade VIII of junior high school, have been carried out in accordance with the development procedure that produces learning media in the form of documentary learning videos. This product has gone through the validation stage, based on the assessment of the results of material validation from teachers in the field of social studies at SMPN 8 Payakumbuh and media validation, namely Curriculum and Educational Technology lecturers. The validation results from material experts have been categorized as "Very valid" with an average of 4.7. The validation results from media expert I have been categorized as "Very Valid" with an average of 4.9 and the results from media expert II have been categorized as "Very Valid" with an average of 4.9. In the results of the practical test of learning video media products, it is at an average of 4.3 with the category "Very Practical". Based on these results, it can be concluded that the learning video media using the Wondershare filmora application in social studies subjects is declared very valid and very practical

Reliability Assessment Method Based on Small Sample Accelerated Life Test Data

Aiming at the problems of small sample size, few test failure data and low reliability evaluation efficiency in accelerated life test of high-reliability and long-life products, an improved virtual augmentation Bootstrap-Bayes reliability evaluation method based on small sample accelerated life test data was proposed. Firstly, the test data under various stress conditions are augmented by virtual fusion. Secondly, the empirical distribution function and bootstrap sampling method are improved, and the kernel density estimation method is used to fit the density distribution of test data as prior information. Then, the parameter estimates of the test data are obtained by Gibbs sampling combined with Bayes formula. Finally, the reliability index under normal stress level is obtained by accelerating model extrapolation. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by the accelerated life test data of a type of Ship communication equipment.

PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA MATERI SEGI EMPAT DAN SEGITIGA

The purpose of this research to produce Creative Problem Solving (CPS)-based LKPD that meet the criteria of validity, practicality and effectiveness to improve critical thinking skills in quadrilateral and triangle material. The research type is Research and Development (R&D) ADDIE model which Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The product test subjects were class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Patianrowo and SMP Negeri 2 Patianrowo. The results of the research according to expert assessment show that the teaching materials developed have valid criteria. This means that the teaching materials developed are suitable for use by students. The assessment based on the results of teacher and student response tests shows that the teaching materials developed meet the criteria of being very practical. This means that the teaching materials developed can be implemented in the mathematics learning process, especially in quadrilaterals and triangles. The posttest results show that there is a significant difference in critical thinking abilities between the control class and the experimental class. This means that the teaching materials developed have an effect on increasing students' critical thinking skills with the percentage of increase being at a very high effect, namely 80.2%. Based on this assessment, it can be concluded that the teaching materials developed have met the criteria for validity, practicality and effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills of student in quadrilateral and triangular material

Development and Evaluation of a Digital Pop-Up Book on the Concept of Force for Fourth-Grade Science

Preliminary research, through observations, questionnaires, and interviews, showed problems in fourth-grade science learning media about force. This research aimed to develop a digital pop-up book on the concept of force This research used the research and development (RnD) method. The stages of the research were finding potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design improvements, product test, product revision, usage test, product revision, and mass production. Media experts validated the pop-up book and assessed it in a category of qualified with a score of 89.50%, meaning that the media emphasized information accordingly to the target; the choice of font and size was correct; the media was attractive, easy to use, made it easier for students to understand the material, and made it easier for teachers to deliver the lesson. The content expert validated the content on force and assessed the accuracy of the content in the category of very suitable with a score of 91.25%, which means that the material was presented coherently, encouraged students’ curiosity, was appropriate to support the lesson, activating students, increased students’ knowledge, had clear visuals and text, had concise and clear language, and delivered suitable language level. The effectiveness of digital pop-up books in improving students’ understanding of the material was shown in the t-test result (13.513) and an average increase (N-gain) of pretest and post-test data of 0.55 with medium criteria. Participants’ questionnaire showed their opinions on the excellent quality of digital pop-up books. This research indicated that digital pop-up books on the concept of force met the media and content qualification criteria, which motivated and helped the students comprehend the information.

An investigation of stochastic trust-region based algorithms for finite-sum minimization

This work elaborates on the TRust-region-ish (TRish) algorithm, a stochastic optimization method for finite-sum minimization problems proposed by Curtis et al. in [F.E. Curtis, K. Scheinberg, and R. Shi, A stochastic trust region algorithm based on careful step normalization, INFORMS. J. Optim. 1(3) (2019), pp. 200–220; F.E. Curtis and R. Shi, A fully stochastic second-order trust region method, Optim. Methods Softw. 37(3) (2022), pp. 844–877]. A theoretical analysis that complements the results in the literature is presented, and the issue of tuning the involved hyper-parameters is investigated. Our study also focuses on a practical version of the method, which computes the stochastic gradient by means of the inner product test and the orthogonality test proposed by Bollapragada et al. in [R. Bollapragada, R. Byrd, and J. Nocedal, Adaptive sampling strategies for stochastic optimization, SIAM. J. Optim. 28(4) (2018), pp. 3312–3343]. It is shown experimentally that this implementation improves the performance of TRish and reduces its sensitivity to the choice of the hyper-parameters.

Development of A Career Options Assessment for Intellectual Disability Students in The Extraordinary School of Padang

The objective of this research is to develop a career choice assessment tool that is useful for students intellectual disability and that is based on the personality type of the career of Holland in students intellectual disability. This research produces an assessment instrument based on the Saifuddin Azwar instrument development procedure. The study involved a intellectual disability teacher in the extraordinary School of Padang who was in class XI and XII. Testing the effectiveness of the product is carried out by conducting a confirmation factor analysis of the test results. The test results of the instrument show that the product test results meet the latent variable. Chi square value is 0.623 and RMSEA value is 0.032. These results indicate that the product has a good of fit. Therefore, it can be concluded that a well-made assessment tool is used to choose a career.

Development of Water Cycle Diorama Media to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Ability

Research purposes this is to produce a product in the form of a water cycle diorama media that is feasible, practical, and effective for increasing the ability to think critically. Methods applied in research This is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The population in this research was class V Mis Madinatussalam students, consisting of 30 students. Meanwhile, sampling in this study used a total sampling technique or used the entire population as the research sample. The data collection techniques used by researchers in this research were interviews, tests, and questionnaires. This research uses qualitative data through observation, interviews, and LKPD, while quantitative data is used through pre-test and post-test. In this research, the data obtained was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis is used to describe the product development process. Quantitative analysis is used to describe product quality assessments, response questionnaires, and test learning outcomes through effectiveness tests. The results of data analysis are used for product improvement. The use of diorama media at the time is feasible, practical, and effective for students in fifth-grade elementary school. The effectiveness of diorama media was measured using the N-gain test. The average pre-test and post-test was 0.41, with a percentage of 41% in the medium category. Future researchers can develop diorama media on different subjects to improve other 4C skills, such as creative thinking, collaboration, and communication.

Criminalization Policy of Animal Testing in Cosmetics Production in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of criminalization in the use of animal testing in the production of cosmetics in Indonesia as well as the right formulation in the formation of policies on animal testing. The problem is why a criminalization policy is needed against producers who conduct animal testing as a product test in the cosmetics production process and how the formulation of criminalization arrangements against producers who conduct animal testing as a test of cosmetics products in the production process. To be able to answer the formulation of the problem, the research used is normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a comparative approach and conceptual approach. The results show that in conducting animal testing there is the concept of 3R (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). The 3R concept is an ethic that can be used to realize an experiment by looking for possible alternatives. Because many cosmetic companies are competing in creating new innovations in order to meet the needs of consumers, so that not a few companies carry out the innovation process carried out by related parties in developing their products still often use animals for product trials, which in practice this reaps many cons both from an ethical and scientific perspective. For this reason, criminalization is needed with the existence of legal policies, especially criminal law policies with formulations that regulate starting from the procedure for conducting animal tasting, what animals can be used as animal tasting, and what the procedure is after conducting animal testing, and of course whether it is necessary to submit an application to the competent authority before conducting animal testing, finally that in a legislation also regulates how sanctions / penalties are given to everyone who deliberately violates these laws and regulations.

Interactive learning media development in Purwokerto city: cognitive aspects of school basketball

Teachers' learning methods for sports and health are still conventional, such as lectures, discussions, and assignments, but teachers have not yet applied learning using interactive learning technologies, especially in basketball games. The aim of this research is to produce effective interactive learning media to enhance the knowledge of students. The research method used is Research and Development (RnD) using the Borg and Gall model. The subjects in this study included validators, physical education teachers, and grade XI students from all public high schools in Purwokerto City (Public High Schools 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The product test suffered audio constraints overcome through improvements and showed a score of 86.20%. After improvements, the usage test of 62 students and five teachers showed very high scores, reaching 95.72% of students and 96.40% of teachers. The results of the effectiveness test showed that interactive learning media has a significant influence on students' cognitive abilities. Keywords: Development, Interactive Learning Media, Cognitive Aspects, Basketball

Topical Semisolid Drug Product Critical Quality Attributes with Relevance to Cutaneous Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics: Part I—Bioequivalence of Acyclovir Topical Creams

PurposeTo develop a toolkit of test methods for characterizing potentially critical quality attributes (CQAs) of topical semisolid products and to evaluate how CQAs influence the rate and extent of active ingredient bioavailability (BA) by monitoring cutaneous pharmacokinetics (PK) using an In Vitro Permeation Test (IVPT).MethodsProduct attributes representing the physicochemical and structural (Q3) arrangement of matter, such as attributes of particles and globules, were assessed for a set of test acyclovir creams (Aciclostad® and Acyclovir 1A Pharma) and compared to a set of reference acyclovir creams (Zovirax® US, Zovirax® UK and Zovirax® Australia). IVPT studies were performed with all these creams using heat-separated human epidermis, evaluated with both, static Franz-type diffusion cells and a flow through diffusion cell system.ResultsA toolkit developed to characterize quality and performance attributes of these acyclovir topical cream products identified certain differences in the Q3 attributes and the cutaneous PK of acyclovir between the test and reference sets of products. The cutaneous BA of acyclovir from the set of reference creams was substantially higher than from the set of test creams.ConclusionsThis research elucidates how differences in the composition or manufacturing of product formulations can alter Q3 attributes that modulate myriad aspects of topical product performance. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the Q3 attributes of topical semisolid drug products, and of developing appropriate product characterization tests. The toolkit developed here can be utilized to guide topical product development, and to mitigate the risk of differences in product performance, thereby supporting a demonstration of bioequivalence (BE) for prospective topical generic products and reducing the reliance on comparative clinical endpoint BE studies.

Development of ICIMAI (Islam Cinta Damai) Comics to Improve Elementary School Students' Tolerance Character

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">The concept of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika exemplifies the diversity of Indonesia while emphasizing its ability to harmoniously unite these differences. However, today conflicts often arise in society caused by differences. The inculcation of multiculturalism in education in schools is thus essential, especially regarding the character of tolerance. Therefore, Research and Development (R&D) research was carried out with the ADDIE development model, which aims to develop and produce ICIMAI comics that link examples of intolerant everyday practices with Islamic values, expected to help improve the tolerance character of students. The development involved media experts, material experts, practitioners, or teachers who evaluated the product. In addition, product tests were also conducted on a limited scale and in the field, each of which involved elementary school students. The results revealed that experts and practitioners declared that the product is in the "Very Good" category, so it is feasible and valid. Students on the limited scale test gave a positive response. The tolerance character of students also experienced an increase, as indicated by a significant increase in tolerance scores after the intervention using ICIMAI comics.</span></em></p>

Development of Android-Based Interactive Multimedia on Mushroom Material in High School

This research aims to produce Android-based interactive multimedia products that are feasible to use, easy for students to learn, and assist students in learning and improve student learning outcomes independently. This type of development research used the Dick, Carey & Carey developer design model. The test subjects consisted of a study teacher, six expert validators, and thirty-two students of X grade. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique, by using consideration of student scores, which were divided into three namely, high, low, and medium categories. The instruments used involved trial questionnaires, test questions, and student response questionnaires. Each of which had been validated and analyzed with the content validity of Aiken's V (Vcount ≥ Vtable). The research results show media expert validation with a score of 3.9 (valid and suitable for use), design expert validation with a score of 4.1 (very valid and highly suitable for use), and subject matter expert validation with a score of 4.1 (very valid and highly suitable for use). The results of individual test, small group test, and field test obtained an average result of 89.6% in the very positive category. Based on test performed by students, the results show that interactive multimedia development designs can be used to facilitate students to learn with an average percentage score of 85% (Very Positive Category). The feasibility of each of these processes shows that the Android-based interactive multimedia profile meets the requirements as a medium that can assist students in learning. The results of the effectiveness test also stated that interactive multimedia on Android-based had an effect and could improve students' cognitive learning outcomes with an N-Gain Score = 0.61 (Medium Category) and an Effect Size value = 2.322 (Category = Strong). The conclusion is based on the results of expert validation and product test, the Bio-Fungi learning application is feasible for use as a learning medium in the teaching and learning process and to improve students' cognitive learning outcomes.

Utilization Application Mobile for Speed Up Searching Boarding House Android Based

Purwokerto is a city in Central Java Province. Purwokerto's development is currently relatively rapid, both in the economic and educational fields. There are many boarding houses for rent in the Purwokerto area, especially around campuses and business areas. However, the majority of boarding house owners still market their boarding places manually, such as putting up the words 'Accept Boarding House' in front of the house or by hiring a jockey. Along with current technological developments, especially in the smartphone sector, many applications have emerged that help users. To bridge the needs of users and boarding house providers, an application is needed that can display information on boarding houses in Purwokerto. The application was built on a mobile basis with the Android operating system for users who want to find a boarding house. Meanwhile, boarding house providers use a web-based system that can update boarding house advertisements. The method used in preparing this research uses the Waterfall model. The testing stage is carried out by conducting product tests. Product testing is carried out by testing the application using the reliability and attributes durability, conformance, serviceability, apperarance and perceived quality. The Android-based boarding house information system in Purwokerto can help users or boarding house seekers to obtain information about boarding houses more quickly, so the user becomes more efficient in Look for the accommodation you want.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi Berbasis PjBL (Project Based Learning) pada Materi Sistem Sirkulasi Darah Kelas XI IPA SMA/MA

The application of science and technology (IPTEK) in education has generated several learning innovations, including the use of media in learning. The purpose of this research was to develop a product in the form of project-based learning (PjBL) animated videos based on the circulatory system material for grade XI in high schools, which is valid, practical, and suitable for use. Research and development (R&D) activities included data collection on student and teacher needs. The development phase aimed to produce learning media products involving media experts, subject matter experts, and biology teachers. Subsequently, the product was tested with 12 students in a limited group and then with 38 students in a broader group to determine its media feasibility. The development of PjBL-based animated video products was evaluated using instruments covering several aspects: validation sheets for media, including text composition balance, images, sound, and video, color selection, physical criteria, practicality, and long-term usefulness. Validation sheets for content included aspects of learning promotion, curiosity enhancement, presentation support, material accuracy, and student engagement. Practitioner validation sheets covered material, language, and presentation aspects, while student response questionnaires addressed material, language, and presentation. Based on the expert media validation assessment recapitulation, the overall score indicated the product was highly valid and suitable for use in learning, with an average percentage of 84.00%. Similarly, the expert content validation recapitulation showed the product to be highly valid and suitable for use in learning, with an average percentage of 88.00%. The practitioner assessment by biology teachers indicated the product was highly practical and suitable for use in learning without revision, with an average percentage of 91.19%. Additionally, the limited and broad group product tests showed an average student response rate of 85.00%, indicating that the developed animated video is suitable for use in learning without revision.

P‐169: Study on the Behavior of Adhesive Cohesive Properties According to Cyclic Test of Foldable Products

In foldable display products, an adhesive is affected by the fatigue delamination force. F‐d curve and Gc value of dynamic and static test do not exhibit a significant difference, but microbubbles are observed in dynamic folding. In this study, the fatigue delamination of adhesive in real user scene is investigated and its measurement methodology is constructed.

Health equity in multi-cancer early detection (MCEDs): A literature review and content analysis.

10549 Background: Multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs) are an emerging screening technology to identify biomarkers of up to 50 different types of cancer using a single blood sample. While there is potential for MCEDs to advance health equity in cancer screening, considerations for how to do so are not established. We sought to identify emerging health equity themes related to MCEDs, and to explore where along the MCED evaluation process they have been considered. Methods: We conducted a targeted review of white and grey literature to identify references discussing health equity and MCEDs. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar from 2015-2024, using key search terms including “MCEDs,” “health equity,” and “diversity, equity and inclusion.” We used thematic analysis to identify health-equity related themes raised across included records. We then used content analysis to describe where these themes arose along the phases of cancer screening evaluation described by the CanTest Framework (product design, test performance, clinical feasibility, clinical effectiveness, and screening implementation). Results: We identified 22 records for inclusion, which varied in their content and depth when exploring health equity considerations for MCEDs. Thematic analysis of the records revealed five overarching health equity themes: access, acceptability, affordability, bias, and disparities. Acceptability, which included topics such as patient preference and measuring benefit/harms, and disparities, such as racial/ethnic differences in cancer deaths, were the most discussed themes (55% of records; Table). Bias, including provider discrimination, was the least discussed theme (32% of records). Content analysis revealed that health equity themes mostly arose across cancer screening evaluation phases of clinical feasibility, effectiveness, and implementation (82%, 73%, 64% of records respectively). No records explored health equity themes of acceptability, access, or bias in the product design phase (0%). Conclusions: Current literature considering health equity for MCEDs consistently address equity aspects related to clinical feasibility, clinical effectiveness, and implementation, but generally fails to consider health equity in early phase evaluation. Increasing consideration of health equity across all phases of the screening lifecycle is crucial if MCEDs are to advance health equity.[Table: see text]

Microbiology Profile of Dairy Product Raw Materials to Prepare Superior Products for Politeknik Negeri Jember

The government continues to make efforts to reduce the incidence of stunting through education on the provision of animal protein food products especially Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk product. Tefa (Teaching Factory) Polije (Politeknik Negeri Jember) in preparation for UHT Milk production required several product tests, one of them is the Microbiology Profile. This study aimed to determine microbiology profile of Tefa UHT Polije milk products. The method used were descriptive quantitative consisting using fresh milk samples from Tefa Dairy Cows and water quality with 2 replications each used Total Plate Count (TPC) test. The results showed the Total Bacteria content in fresh milk raw materials was normal, namely 1.45 x 104 ml/cfu. The quality of water as a raw material for made superior Tefa UHT milk products is <1 x 101 cfu/ml. The quality of pH value and water were normal (6.8 and 6.9), and the quality of milk density 1.028 and water 1 (normal). The conclusion was the quality of Tefa Polije UHT milk raw materials was of good quality to prepare UHT milk production as Polije’s superior product.

Comparison of diterpenoid contents and dissolution profiles of selected Andrographis paniculata crude and extract capsules.

Andrographis paniculata (AP) has been approved by the Thai government for the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19 patients. Increasing use of AP products requires quality control to ensure efficacy and safety. At present, there is no requirement for dissolution test of AP products in the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP). This work aimed to examine the contents and dissolution profiles of active diterpenoids, andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3), neoandrographolide (AP4), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (AP6) in AP capsules available in Thai markets. Four extract products (EXT. A-D) and three crude powder products (CRD. A-C) were tested for contents by using HPLC-DAD. Dissolution profiles of four diterpenoids were investigated in different media (pH 1.2, 4.5, 6.8, and 0.01 N HCl + SLS) with apparatus II (paddle type). The AP1 contents were 1.99%-2.90% w/w for crude capsules and 2.84%-16.27% w/w for extract capsules. In the dissolution test, the dissolution percentages of four diterpenoids from crude capsules were higher than those from extract capsules except EXT. A. AP1 in most extract products (EXT. B, C, D) was dissolved in all dissolution media at a lower percentage than the other three diterpenoids. EXT. A (aqueous extract) was the only extract capsule showing the amounts of all diterpenoids dissolved in all media >80% in 45 min. The study demonstrated that AP1 content in AP products complied with the acceptance criteria in the THP (80%-120%), and the weight variation also met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements. However, different dissolution profiles of AP products may lead to different bioavailability of diterpenoids and further affect their efficacy.