Product Market Research Articles

Analysis the Gaps in Adopting Quality System as per the National Standard of Accreditation on Territory Care Hospital with Reference to NABH Standards

This research paper delves into the pivotal role of product management and market research analysis in the context of pharmaceutical companies. It explores how these strategic tools contribute to business development amidst the intricate landscape of the pharmaceutical industry, characterized by rapid scientific advancements, evolving market dynamics, and stringent regulatory requirements. The paper emphasizes the evolution of product management within the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting its transition from a focus on research and development to encompassing comprehensive lifecycle management and commercialization strategies. Through a review of literature and data analysis, the paper examines various facets such as patientcentric innovation, regulatory compliance, digital transformation, competitive landscape analysis, and cross-functional collaboration. The study aims to shed light on the significance of integrating product management and market research analysis for driving sustainable business growth, enhancing competitiveness, and delivering impactful healthcare solutions in pharmaceutical companies

Does crude oil price volatility affect risk-taking capability in business group firms: evidence from India?

PurposeThe study tests risk-taking and risk-aversion capabilities while distinguishing between business group firms and stand-alone firms and considering oil price volatility. Second, this attempt to study the linkage between risk-taking during market down movements and when the firms have established themselves as product market leaders. Third, this study analyses the “sentiment” state, where it explores the reaction of corporations when the market is in the negative direction, and lastly, it explores the linkage between product market competition and risk-aversion.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses financial information for 1,273 non-financial companies and other required data from various sources. The study employs panel data and utilizes different empirical methodologies, including the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, to test the stated hypotheses.FindingsWe find that the business group firms have more risk-taking proficiencies compared with the stand-alone firms. Moreover, this study discovers that the corporates avoid taking risks when the market is not performing well. Also, when the market is down and crude prices are high, the management expects high earnings in the future, willingly takes risks and shows that product market leaders do not follow the risk-aversion strategy.Practical implicationsThe empirical results indicate that oil price movement can restrict management’s behaviour when choosing a risky investment project. Management should develop a robust policy that follows the group of firms. In the policy, the management should describe the level of risk that may be taken by the firm and implement it when required.Originality/valueSince we do not find any studies in this context, then there is a major and essential gap in the literature that this study should fill.

Future perspectives of Brazilian beef production: what is the role of Silvopastoral systems?

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of changing production conditions and market requirements, it seems time has come to rethink Brazil’s beef production systems. We analyse the economic and environmental performance of three beef production systems: classic beef production system (CB), and two types of silvopastoral systems: the integrated crop-livestock-forestry system (ICLFS) and the natural regeneration system (NR) in a comparative case study analysis. We find that, though costs of production are the lowest for CB, only the ICLFS and NR case studies are generating long-term profits. While greenhouse gas emissions per kg live weight added are lowest in ICLFS, followed by NR and CB, per hectare (ha) emissions are highest in NR, followed by ICLFS and CB. Considering the system’s carbon removal, NR and potentially ICLFS are sequestering more than releasing. Additionally, the land required to produce beef is lowest in NR, followed by ICLFS and CB. Considering the additional outputs produced by ICLFS and NR, they showcase the potential of multifunctional production systems for future scenarios, where land scarcity puts land-demanding production systems, such as beef, under pressure. The three production systems perform differently depending on the indicators analysed. How they will reply to future challenges depends on the location and the specific environment. Yet, from the analysed systems, CB is the least sustainable, economically and environmentally.

How to select green technology acquisition paths for enterprises: An analysis based on evolutionary game theory

AbstractAs an important method of reducing pollution, green technology innovation (GTI) is receiving more attention. However, facing the challenges in conducting GTI, it is crucial for enterprises to find the optimal path to acquire green technology. This paper investigates how high‐pollution manufacturing enterprises make decisions on independent innovation and green technology introduction under government intervention and public involvement. The influences of other factors, such as media attention and product market competition, have also been considered in the tripartite evolutionary game model. The simulation after applying MATLAB indicates that government intervention and public participation have a significant impact on the decision‐making of green technology acquisition paths for enterprises. Government subsidies and penalties are important policy tools for enterprises to make decisions on the selection of green technology acquisition paths. Meanwhile, reputational incentives or losses brought from public involvement are also essential in encouraging government intervention and green technology acquisition of enterprises. Finally, the extent to which the changes in various influencing factors affect the selection of enterprises' green technology acquisition paths have been tested and simulated. This paper aims to provide policy implications for governments, as well as decision‐making strategies for enterprises that urgently require green transition to achieve sustainable development.

Influence of information processing bias on investment decision of equity investors at Nairobi securities exchange in Kenya

The goal of the study was to established the influence of information processing bias on investment decision of equity investors at Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study improved the existing finance literature, which increased the body of general knowledge. Researchers and aspiring academics would utilize the findings as a future source of reference for expanding their understanding of behavioral finance. This study employed regret aversion theory, descriptive research design applied in this research and the stratified random sampling technique. In this study, primary data was also employed. SPSS version 26 (Statistical Package for Social Science) was used for data analysis. Descriptive, correlation as well as regression analysis were undertaken and outcome was offered in tables followed by pertinent interpretation and discussion. The most influential variable was Market’s competition-related information with a regression coefficient of 0.502 (p-value = 0.027) and lastly Product’s market potential-information with a coefficient of 0.403 (p-value = 0.041). The study concludes that information processing bias holds a significant and influential role in shaping investment decisions among equity investors at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Thus, it can be concluded that understanding and leveraging product market potential can positively impact investment decisions. It is crucial for investors to carefully assess market competition dynamics to maximize investment returns. This study also implies that by analyzing investor behavior, company management Can further evaluate capital markets' performance of stocks and adjust policies and strategies appropriately.

Navigating the frontiers of graphene quality control to enable product optimisation and market confidence

With graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials now enhancing products used in everyday life, the scale of industrial production of many different types of 2D nanomaterials requires quality control (QC) processes that can be performed rapidly, non-destructively, in-line and in a cost-effective manner. These materials must be repeatably produced with targeted material properties, to reduce the costs associated with nonconformity of products, and so multiple QC methods that can monitor different material properties are required. Herein, we describe different measurands and associated techniques that either have the potential to be used for QC, or are already being used in this way, whether that off-line, at-line or in-line. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are detailed, as well as possible solutions that can ensure confidence in these methods and lead to measurement traceability in this growing industry.

The Economic Evolution of the Romanian Defense Market in the Context of the World Crisis (Post-pandemic) and the Imbalance of International Security (Military Conflict in Ukraine)

Abstract The analysis of crisis management shows that any crisis will generate risks and opportunities for certain industrial sectors. The current security crisis overlaps today with other crises (climatic, economic, energy, and medical crises generated by COVID-19). The medical crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has recorded considerable profits for the pharmaceutical industry and companies in the medical equipment manufacturing industry. (John A. Parnel). The defense market and armaments production industry has been steadily growing at national and international levels due to the imbalance in international security caused by Russia's military conflict. An economical inside perspective is provided due to an internal study case based on the evolution of this industry's key sector. As per the analyzed data, the market demand is currently higher than the production capacity, both at European and national levels. The industry cannot meet the requirements of the defense market. Nonetheless, the turnover of the profile companies experienced significant increases with positive effects on the recorded profit rates. After conducting a thorough evaluation of the domestic defense industry, the solution might be to privatize state-owned companies in the security industry, which may involve merging companies with similar activity profiles. Also, financial incentives, such as tax measures like those granted to personnel working in the IT industry, can help overcome the human resources issue that the Romanian defense industry is currently facing.

P‐85: The Methods to Improve Low‐gray Lens Mura

With the development of OLED display technology and the intensified competition in the OLED mobile phone product market, consumers are increasingly demanding the display quality of OLED mobile phones. The higher image quality requirements have prompted panel makers to minimize the impact of mura through process improvement, product design optimization, etc. Low‐gray lens mura is an important one which affect display quality. This paper provides an effective direction for optimizing the process parameters of exposure machine and product design to weakening the influence of lens mura.

Effects of customer unionization on supplier relationships and supplier value

This study examines whether suppliers modify trading strategies upon their customers’ unionization. The study demonstrates that when customers unionize, suppliers experience negative stock returns and rely less on the unionized customers for sales. Results are robust for alternatively using a regression discontinuity design. Suppliers reduce their exposure to unionized customers due to the demand uncertainty arising from potential labor disruptions, the customers’ reduced competitiveness in the product market, and customers’ potential shifting of unionization costs to suppliers. Furthermore, suppliers with unionized customers mitigate risks by seeking new customers and diversifying their customer concentration.

Enhancing Indonesian coffee trade: Strategies for navigating and reducing trade barriers

This study scrutinizes the intricate relationship between production technology advancements and price reactions in the Robusta and Arabica commodities and their collective influence on profitability exploring the relationship between market and policy dynamics and the coffee industry in Indonesia. This study delves into the intricate interplay between market dynamics, policy interventions and technological advancements within the Robusta and Arabica coffee commodities in Indonesia. It employs a historical simulation to scrutinize the multifaceted relationship between production technology advancements, price reactions and their collective influence on the profitability of coffee cultivation in the region from 2008 to 2020. Our research reveals a striking discrepancy between the expansion of coffee cultivation due to technological progress and the delayed price reactions within the Indonesian coffee industry. The industry faces challenges in translating these advancements into immediate profitability for growers despite significant strides in production technology. The study further dissects the role of governmental interventions, such as subsidies in shaping production outcomes and market responses. High bank interest rates emerge as a significant hindrance to industry growth, exacerbating the profitability dilemma faced by coffee growers. Furthermore, the export price elasticity of Robusta coffee exhibits limitations, raising questions about the industry's ability to harness its potential in global markets despite increased production volumes. Our findings underscore the industry's acute sensitivity to policy alterations highlighting the urgent need for strategic reforms targeting high bank interest rates and the expansion of market opportunities. We advocate for comprehensive research efforts that encompass a broader spectrum of variables to yield deeper insights into the complexities of the Indonesian coffee sector.

Unlocking hidden market segments: A data-driven approach exemplified by the electric vehicle market

Market segmentation is crucial for companies to recognise the distribution of products in the market and to identify ‘unexploited’ segments that hold the potential for new products not yet available in the market. However, recognising market segments that are not yet occupied by any product requires extensive research and data analysis. To address this challenge, we present a new systematic, data-driven approach to market segmentation based on product attributes data. This approach combines three data mining methods (singular value decomposition, principal component analysis, and clustering) with a newly developed inverse clustering algorithm. Inverse clustering introduces interpretable variables (i.e., principal components) and quantitatively identifies unexploited market segments distinct from existing ones. We apply this approach to a use case of battery electric vehicles to demonstrate its effectiveness in supporting product positioning and analysing market data. Leveraging the developed techniques and algorithms could bridge the gap between product development and market potential by identifying opportunities for new products. The approach offers better explainability and applicability of market segments, effectively identifying unexploited market segments that traditional market research methods may have overlooked.

The Application of Emotional Colours and Their Pattern Elements in Product Packaging

This study aims to explore that in contemporary product packaging design, emotional colour, as an important means of conveying emotions visually, can stimulate consumers' emotional resonance and enhance the attractiveness of product packaging. Through the analysis of the association of different colours in the consumer's psychology, combined with the design of pattern elements, the product packaging is more personalized and emotional characteristics. Reasonable use of emotional colour and pattern elements in product packaging design can effectively enhance product brand awareness and consumer purchase intention. In order to achieve the objective object of the product a transcendence and enhancement, so as to give the product itself a richer emotional value, enhance the competitiveness of the product market, for product promotion and marketing provides a new perspective and strategy.

Strategic interactions and the sensitivity of cash savings to stock price

We examine how strategic interactions, i.e., strategic substitutes (SS) and strategic complements (SC), affect the sensitivity of cash savings to stock price. Using a panel data of U.S. firms over the 1997–2019 period, we show that cash savings are more sensitive to stock price among SS than SC and the intensity of rivals’ interactions in product market increases this sensitivity. These results are consistent with research showing that SS are more responsive to product market competition. We further show that R&D intensities and corporate hedging needs act as two channels through which strategic interactions affects cash holdings. First, R&D intensities increase the sensitivity of cash to stock price. This effect is more pronounced among SS, complementing researching showing stock market reacts more strongly to innovation by SS. Second, we report that hedging needs decrease the sensitivity of cash savings to stock price, especially for SC, consistent with the notion that using differentiated inputs increases hedging costs, hence, SC are more conservative in their liquidity management.

Economic Research on Ethanol Feed-Use Coproducts: A Review, Synthesis, and Path Forward.

During the mid-2000s to the early 2010s, the domestic ethanol industry witnessed substantial growth, with ethanol coproducts emerging as vital elements for plant profitability and livestock feeding. Initially serving as supplementary revenue streams, coproducts from ethanol production have evolved into diverse value-added offerings, bolstering revenue streams, and sustaining profit margins. This study reviews existing economic research on ethanol coproducts, detailing methodologies, product focus, and research locations. Initially gathering 972 articles from 9 databases, 110 articles were synthesized. We find that most studies primarily examined the growth and future of the ethanol industry with a limited focus on specific coproducts. Feed-use distillers' grains, especially dried distillers' grains, were the most widely published while newer coproducts like pelletized, de-oiled, and high-protein distillers' grains were relatively understudied. Non-feed-use products were notably overlooked, highlighting the need for exploration beyond conventional applications. The evolving market landscape for ethanol co-products has surpassed published academic understanding of the economic tradeoffs necessitating further research into product dynamics, pricing, marketing, market structures, and regulatory frameworks. This highlights and underscores the importance of investigating value-added grains across diverse commodities and geographic contexts to inform strategic decision-making and policy formulation.

Research on Product Positioning of New Energy Vehicles - Taking Tesla and Build Your Dream as Examples

This study focuses on the product positioning strategy of new energy vehicles, taking Tesla and Build Your Dream as examples. As a global leading electric vehicle manufacturer, Build Your Dream is committed to technological innovation and has launched a variety of new energy vehicle models, including pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Its product line covers multiple market segments, ranging from small city electric vehicles to large luxury electric vehicles, as well as special-purpose vehicles and commercial vehicles. In contrast, Tesla adopts a development model of first launching high-end models and then gradually expanding into the low-end market. From now on, Tesla's export volume is greater than Build Your Dream's, and it occupies a larger share of the global market. In terms of price, sales volume, sales channels, sales positioning, marketing strategies, imports, and exports, the two companies differ. Generally speaking, Tesla focuses on brand building and technological innovation, while Build Your Dream pays more attention to product cost-effectiveness and market share.

A Comparative Analysis of Cosmetics Companies

This paper focuses on three cosmetics companies: Coty, Johnson & Johnson, and Estee Lauder. First of all, we collected some questionnaire survey data, in 2021, 68% of respondents believe that the price of beauty products is more important, 56% of respondents believe that appearance is first, and only 8% are strongly influenced by advertising. Therefore, we believe that the influence of advertising is declining, and the quality of the product itself and the comprehensive competitiveness of the enterprise are becoming more important. Then we learned more about the background and history of the three companies. We then analyze each company's raw material issues, which can reflect each company's target market, operations and business risks. In addition, we analyzed pricing, which can reflect the target product market and product depth of different makeup companies. Not only that, the company's business orientation and forward-looking is also what we need to understand. Finally, after synthesizing the above analysis, we believe that Coty's business risk is the largest, and the other two are not different.

Double managerial delegation contracts with relative profit performance and environmental performance incentives under emission taxes

AbstractThis paper examines the strategic relations between emission taxes and firms' managerial delegation contracts, which include incentives based on relative profit performance (RPP) and environmental performance (EP). We demonstrate that under quantity (price) competition, the government imposes higher (lower) emission taxes, while the firm owner sets lower (higher) EP incentives and negative (positive) RPP incentives, which leads to lower (higher) welfare. We also explore an endogenous competition mode game and find that quantity (price) competition emerges when both consumers' green willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) and product differentiation are low (high). Our findings suggest that public education on greenness is crucial for enhancing EP incentives in the design of managerial delegation contracts, while intense product market competition may be detrimental to consumers and society, especially when consumers' green WTP is low.

Evaluating trends in recruitment challenges in vape shop research, e-cigarette product characteristics and use among shop customers from 2019 to 2023: A mixed-methods study.

Brick-and-mortar vape shops specialize in the sale of e-cigarettes and remain a primary source for purchasing emerging e-cigarette products. New regulatory policies have been implemented at local-, state- and federal-level; the retail environment at vape shops and product preferences among vape shop customers shifted accordingly. From 2019 to 2023, we collected anonymous interview data from vape shop customers (n=572) from 83 vape shops in Southern California. We aggregated the data by month and treated each month as the unit of analysis to document changes in recruitment efforts among the vape shops in relation to major policy implementations over 4 years. We also examined the systematic fluctuations and trends in customers' e-cigarette product preferences and nicotine content in these products. The monthly average shop-level consent rate was 52.9% (SD=8.7), with an overall decreasing trend over time. It was necessary for our data collection team to approach a greater number of vape shops to obtain consent with implementation of various state and federal tobacco regulations and following COVID-19. We observed an increase in the purchase of disposable products and nicotine concentrations in the products, while the average use frequency remained the same. Our findings demonstrated that user preferences, product characteristics and challenges in research involving vape shops are closely associated to changes in regulations. We documented a dramatic increase in nicotine concentration in products. Future policies restricting the amount of nicotine in tobacco products at the federal level are necessary to protect consumers from further nicotine addiction. This study provides documentation over time of the drastic increases in nicotine concentration among e-cigarette users as a result of the fluctuations in the product market. Regulating nicotine content in tobacco products could safeguard against further unsafe modifications in e-cigarettes and other types of tobacco products.

Saving Scarce Species from Extinction through Free Enterprise

Clearly defined private property rights allow owners to calculate their profits and losses. Ownership, therefore, enables the rational allocation of scarce capital toward profitable ends. Production of biological organisms are not exceptions to economic calculation. If the present prohibitions on the mass production of rare living creatures were repealed, profit-seeking entrepreneurs might choose to mass produce so-called endangered species on a competitive market. Naturally, some of the resulting non-human, living pieces of private property might well trespass, attack, and predate on the properties of other enviropreneurs. Staving off extinctions through a free-market approach to declining biodiversity would require a new legal framework. Indeed, well-defined property rights in privately owned fauna and flora would become an essential lynchpin in the legalized market of rare animal and plant production. The author offers some starting points toward a laissez faire capitalist structure of property rights principles under the law to increase incentives toward greater production of commodifiable species.

The battle between activist hedge funds and labor unions

Activist hedge funds are more likely to target unionized firms. When they do, the short-term stock performance is higher, especially when the hedge funds’ targeting strategy is hostile. Employees and labor organizations at target firms tend to oppose activist hedge funds. Firms are more likely to unionize after being targeted by hedge funds, and employee satisfaction deteriorates at target firms. Moreover, unionized firms are more likely to strike after being targeted, and those strikes in opposition to hedge fund intervention are more severe and more detrimental to the firms. This paper further explores potential costs and harmful consequences to the firm value due to the tension between activist hedge funds and labor unions. After being targeted, unionized firms tend to have lower profitability, weakened corporate governance, exposure to a higher degree of competitive and product market threats, and a higher crash risk in stock prices.