Product Life Cycle Processes Research Articles

NONLINEAR DYNAMICS METHODS APPLICATIONS TO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT

The research being carried out is aimed at applying nonlinear dynamics methods in product life cycle management to improve communication between processes and achieve environmental sustainability. The purpose of the article is to create a nonlinear mathematical model for analysing product lifecycle management. Chaotic nonlinear dynamical processes of product lifecycle are deterministic but have the property that even small uncertainties in initial conditions lead to exponentially growing errors in the management that limit long-term forecasts. The emergence of chaotic behaviour in processes of product lifecycle was explored, focusing on fluctuations. The study employed methods such as systems analysis, correlation analysis, nonlinear dynamics, and the Surrogate model of chaotic Lorenz waterwheel. It was identified that sharp technological innovations as the primary drivers of short-term fluctuations impacting fixed efficiency and effectiveness of product life cycle process development. The resulting nonlinear dynamic model allowed for flexible operation, transitioning between equilibrium, periodic, and chaotic states based on coefficient values for asset growth rates and time constants reflecting product life cycle process dynamics. The research results are valuable for companies seeking to reduce their environmental impact and implement circular economy principles.

Parametric LCA integrating a product's State of Health: A decision-making tool based on environmental impact in the context of circular strategy.

Circular processes such as remanufacturing, reuse, recycling, make it possible to extend the life of products and thus reduce their environmental impact. However, they introduce uncertainties of quantities and qualities that bring significant challenges for manufacturers and others stakeholders. To reduce such uncertainties and give decision-makers more information for selecting a circular strategy driven by the environment, a parametric life cycle analysis method is essential. The aim of this article is to propose a method based on the performance parameters of each process of product closed-loop to calculate the environmental impact of a product in different closed loops, considering the product's state of health. To achieve this objective, the product life cycle process with closed circular processes were first specified. Then, its parameterization was completed to simulate different scenarios. Based on parameters defined, formulas to facilitate the simulation of several circular scenarios for a given product has been defined. This allows identifying the circular strategies with the lowest environmental footprint. Illustrated by a case study on an electric circuit breaker, our approach demonstrates its effectiveness in supporting eco-responsible decisions.

Low-Carbon-Driven Product Life-Cycle Process Optimization Framework for Manufacturing Equipment

Because of the increasing concern regarding environmental sustainability, manufacturing equipment faces a challenge to optimize carbon emissions from a life-cycle perspective. Current approaches lack the overall low-carbon optimization flow guidance needed in order to take effective measures for manufacturing equipment. Consequently, this paper proposes a framework of low-carbon optimization for manufacturing equipment. Firstly, a four-layer framework for low-carbon optimization processes is established, consisting of the optimization operation layer, life-cycle layer, optimization method layer, and tools and data layer. Then, the characteristics, functions, and technologies involved in the four layers are elaborated on in detail. Finally, the honing machine considering the reduction of carbon emissions is given as an example. The results indicate that by using the proposed methodology effectively, the carbon emissions of the lower column, a key part of the honing machine, can be reduced by 4.38% without sacrificing structure performance. The framework can provide specific guidance on achieving a low-carbon optimization process and contribute to the sustainable development of energy-intensive manufacturing industries.

Sustainable and environmental friendly production practices among the Indian apparel designers

This study’s goal is to ascertain the methods used by various fashion designer’s about environmental friendly, sustainability and incorporates it into their design and production practices, as apparel industry is the world’s second most polluted industry(WEF, Jan 2020).The following research questions serve as a framework for the study: (1) Is there a substantial difference between environmentally friendly, sustainability and production practices in apparel industry and to propose an environment friendly strategic framework for the apparel industry,(2)what is the extent of current designer’s environmental friendly and sustainability knowledge? (3) How effectively are designers implementing their sustainability knowledge in their design and production practice? The present study linked the 63 designers in Delhi and NCR ,sustainable design concerns, to the product lifecycle and design processes, to acquire a better picture of their expertise towards fashion sustainability.

Разработка приложения для получения метрик программного продукта на языке объектно-ориентированного программирования

All groups of software product lifecycle processes executed by developers are complicated to implement. The code generation possibility and a requirement of evaluation for each participant contri-bution in case of teamwork also should be considered. A quantitative estimation for various aspects of software is proposed by code metrics calculation. The work purpose is development of a program for calculating the metrics of a software product for various object-oriented programming languages. The tasks are development of metrics exploitation approaches for evaluating and comparing code and imple-mentation of the metric calculation program. The description for subsets of the languages C#, C++ and Java was created. A values gradation Halstead metrics and the approaches for analyzing dynamic changes of a software product and comparison of different programs solving the same problem are pro-posed and first allowed calculated metrics values interpretation. “Metrics Observer” program was devel-oped. It calculates 11 metrics values for programs in object-oriented language and 16 metrics values that do not depend on the paradigm. Practical significance is to prepare solutions for comparing different implementations of the same task, identifying code modules for refactoring, estimating dynamic code quality changes during the development / refactoring process and individual contributions of developers to a project.

Conceptual carbon-reduction process design and quantitative sustainable assessment for concentrating high purity ethylene from wasted refinery gas

The direct emission of waste refinery gas after combustion will cause a severe greenhouse effect. Recovering high-value-added ethylene from wasted refinery gas has fundamental economic and environmental significance. Due to the complexity of the composition of refinery waste gas, designing and optimizing the whole recovery process is still a challenging task. Herein, a novel process (SCOAS) was proposed to obtain polymer-grade ethylene from wasted refinery gas through a direct separation process, and heat pump-assisted thermal integration optimization (HPSCOAS) was carried out. The unique feature of the novel approach is that a new stripper and ethylene reabsorber follow the dry gas absorber to ensure ethylene recovery and methane content. An industrial model, shallow cooling oil absorption (SCOA), and concentration combined cold separation system of ethylene unit using wasted refinery gas was established to analyze the technology and environment. Based on the detailed process modeling and simulation results, the quantitative sustainability assessment of economy and environment based on product life cycle process is carried out. The results show that compared with the traditional process when the same product is obtained, the total annual cost of the HPSCOAS process is the lowest, which is 15.4% lower than that of the SCOA process and 6.1% lower than that of the SCOAS process. In addition, compared with the SCOA process and the HPSCOAS process, the SCOAS process has more environmental advantages. The non-renewable energy consumed by SCOAS is reduced by about 24.8% and 6.1%, respectively. The CO2 equivalent is reduced by about 38.6% and 23.7%.

Operational management as a basis for the formation of the enterprise's competitiveness

The relevance of practical issues of managing the company's operational activities, taking into account its impact on competitiveness, has been proven. The conditions of martial law in Ukraine are characterized by the decline of production at most industrial enterprises, the curtailment of scientific research, the loss of positive trends and the dynamics of the innovative activities development, the low competitiveness of products and the pace of economic development. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of operational management in modern conditions and to identify the nature of its influence on the formation of the company's competitiveness. For enterprises, efficiency is always related to meeting the needs of consumers and obtaining the maximum possible profit with acceptable risks. The nature of the influence of strategic and tactical operational management on the competitiveness of the enterprise is revealed. In practice, the life cycle of a competitive advantage, which is its indisputable specific difference, must be taken into account for a specific business entity. Such an approach is expedient, as it is able to ensure an early response to the dynamics of external and internal environmental factors. While characterizing the specifics of the enterprise's competitiveness, attention is focused on the following mandatory conditions for its evaluation of the enterprise: the presence of competitive products and ensuring effective operations. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that in order to respond flexibly to changes and action plan within the framework of operational strategies, business analysis should be carried out in the following areas: value chain, business process map, product life cycle and business process cost. As practice shows, the operational activity of enterprises is characterized by a complex set of relations with various stakeholders. Representatives of the retail business in Ukraine and abroad, responding to requests for increased security and convenience, offer consumers various options for searching and paying for purchases: "Click and collect", "Without cashiers", "Scan and collect", "Smart carts", technological and biometric contactless payment systems, etc. The technology of logistics organization is also crucial for trade enterprises. Keywords: operational management, competitiveness management, operational strategy, competitive advantage, business process, costs.

Formation of a single information space in the context of the digital transformation of machine-building holding

Subject. The article considers the development of approaches to the integration of digital technologies into production processes of industrial enterprises to improve operational efficiency. Objectives. The purpose is to develop a mechanism for digital transformation of a machine-building holding in relation to the formation of a single information space based on modern approaches to business process reengineering. Methods. I apply methods of systems and economic analysis, modeling of business processes of enterprises. Results. The key factor in the formation of positive effects of digital transformation of industrial enterprises is the integration of business processes within a single information environment. The result of automation of key processes of products’ life cycle within the framework of a single digital platform will be the replacement of "patchwork" automation in disparate information systems of enterprises with integrated monitoring and life cycle management systems, operating on the basis of a single information space. Conclusions. The introduction of "seamless" information exchange based on a single information space is urgent for holding structures characterized by heterogeneous and poorly compatible information systems. The integration of systems of development, modeling, management, and analytical processing based on digital twins, the introduction of augmented and virtual reality tools, and the use of artificial intelligence elements for production management are a necessary stage for the formation of new methods of technological preparation and organization of production, and for the creation of a full-fledged digital twin of production and product life cycle processes.

Virtual Prototyping: Evaluating the Digital Twin Based Virtual Factory for New Product Introduction

Shortening lifecycles and increasing complexity make product and production lifecycle processes more challenging than ever for manufacturing enterprises. Virtual Prototyping (VP) technologies promise a viable solution to handle such challenges in reducing time and physical builds as well as increasing quality. In previous studies, the Digital Twin (DT) based Virtual Factory (VF) concept showed significant potential to handle co-evolution by integrating 3D factory and product models with immersive and interactive 3D Virtual Reality (VR) simulation technology as well as real-time bidirectional data synchronisation between virtual and physical production systems. In this article, we present an extension to the paper “Demonstrating and Evaluating the Digital Twin Based Virtual Factory for Virtual Prototyping” presented at CARV2021. The study presents an evaluation by industry experts of the DT based VF concept for VP in the context of New Product Introduction (NPI) processes. The concept is demonstrated in two cases: wind turbine blade manufacturing and nacelle assembly operations at Vestas Wind Systems A/S. The study shows that the VF provides an immersive virtual environment, which allows the users to reduce the time needed for prototyping. The industry experts propose several business cases for the introduced solution and find that the phases that would have the most gain are the later ones (production) where the product design is more mature.

Accelerating pre-formulation investigations in early drug product life cycles using predictive methodologies and computational algorithms.

Precisely developed computational methodologies can allow the drug product lifecycle process to be time-efficient, cost-effectiveand reliable through a thorough fundamental understanding at the molecular level. Computational methodologies include computational simulations, virtual screening, mathematical modelingandpredictive tools. In light of current trends and increased expectations of product discovery in early pharmaceutical development, we have discussed different case studies. These case studies clearly demonstrate the successful application of predictive tools alone or in combination with analytical techniques to predict the physicochemical properties of drug substances and drug products, thereby shortening research and development timelines. The overall goal of this report is to summarize unique predictive methodologies, which can assist pharmaceutical scientists in achieving time-sensitive research goals and avoiding associated risksthatcan potentially affect the drug product quality.

СИСТЕМА АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОТОТИПИРОВАНИЯ УЧАСТКОВ СИНТЕЗА УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОКЛАСТЕРНЫХ СТРУКТУР

The article focuses on using the integrated multi-component computer-aided design and control systems, which changes the product life cycle processes in the high-tech complex chemical and technological systems. In the integrated design of production facilities, special attention is paid to safety, productivity, reliability, ergonomics of the production line and the material and technical environment. The most effective in project management are flexible life cycle models that connect diverse specialists in a single information environment. The relevance of the task of developing and implementing problem-oriented heterogeneous computer-aided design and digital prototyping systems is justified. There is described a method for improving the efficiency of designing production facilities while minimizing the time required preparing a design solution, and the risks of design errors caused by the communication dissonance of diverse specialists. The architecture of the computer-aided design and digital prototyping system with a description of its basic components is presented. The creation of a digital model of the design object is described on the example of the reactor site and the material and technical base of the process of synthesis of carbon nanocluster structures that are in high demand in various industries. The conducted tests and the introduction of the resulting applied software solution into the educational process proved its efficiency in solving problems of integrated computer-aided design and digital modeling not only of objects of the carbon nanoindustry, but also for other industries with a similar material and technical base.

DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING DIGITALIZATION MATURITY

AbstractEngineering Digitalization enables development of new high intelligent products containing mechanical, electrical, software and communication components. As these complex products are result of multidisciplinary engineering processes, digitalization also enforces companies to raise, adapt and revise their engineering competencies and process capabilities to increase agility and maintain competitiveness. Also, the growing amount of data related to product and processes requires a well-structured management concept. In order to encounter all these changes and new requirements companies should identify their specific strengths and weaknesses and derive needs for action. This paper presents a novel maturity model for evaluation of capabilities of Engineering Digitalization in areas of processes, products, services, data, human and organization. The maturity model enables the detection of enhancement potentials and conception of individual digitalization plans for production companies. It has been composed based on a proven multidisciplinary engineering methodology along the product lifecycle process, which includes Model Based Systems Engineering Methods, and a multilevel IT architecture integration concept.

Improvement of electronic design and technological documentation approval procedure quality by using the apparatus of artificial neural networks

The necessity of the product life cycle processes reengineering such as design and production stages in order to reduce feedback between design and technological departments and production departments within the framework of the tasks of the organization’s quality management service has been substantiated. Design and technological documentation approval processes are overviewed within the usage of single integrated automated system environment. The apparatus of artificial neural networks is applied to simulate processes and identify redundant elements. An optimized neural network model of approval processes for design and technological documentation is obtained.

Step and Step-Nc as a Tool for Big Data in Cloud Manufacturing

The terms big data, cloud manufacturing, predictive and additive manufacturing, and Internet of Things (IoT) are being most commonly used in the manufacturing industry nowadays. These terms are related to the fourth industrial revolution that emphasizes automation and data exchange between manufacturing tools/elements. Communication occurs between machines, products and even technicians or operators through various technologies while creating records of each interaction resulting in rapid growth of amount of data to be stored. Data acquisition is not a major issue since a structure or framework can properly connect these data in improving manufacturing efficiency. However, lack of effort in collecting and storing manufacturing data in the whole product life cycle process has made integration to be almost difficult to achieve. In this study, the adoption of STEP-NC method/technique was demonstrated in suiting the current explosion of big data in the industrial and manufacturing sector. The proposed methodology was developed through a study of an entity file structure and hierarchical concept in STEP and STEP-NC in gathering manufacturing data in a unified database. The challenge would be in making sense of the data, revealing the patterns in it and using them for operational improvements. The outcome of this study will be useful to support strategic decision making in product manufacturing.

The Principles in Green Design

Nowadays economic activities and lifestyles must be green according to Sustainable Development, so Green Design must be taken at the whole process of product life cycle. Now 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is well-known for sustainable envelopment, but for the sake of accelerating green development, It should follows the 10R principles in green design: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Renew, Recharge(or Refill), Repair(or Remedy), Re-manufacture(or Recover), Replace(or Replant), Re-clear(or Refine) and Remove. The 10R principles can make green design at the first time to start green development. It is also the historical responsibility and obligation of contemporary designers.

Optimal product co-creation strategies in a service-oriented smart manufacturing supply chain

Service-oriented smart manufacturing, which allows customers to engage in the product lifecycle process, has become more and more popular. In this paper, we investigate the win-win strategies for the manufacturer and the customer when they co-create a product. We consider three scenarios in the model: the manufacturer and the customer have same initiatives for product co-creation, the manufacturer has higher initiative for product co-creation than the customer, and the manufacturer has lower initiative for product co-creation than the customer. We find that both the manufacturer and customer gain the lowest benefits when they have same initiatives for product co-creation. The results also indicate that when the quality increment effectiveness for consumer is sufficiently low, there exit win-win situations if the manufacturer and the customer choose different initiatives for product co-creation. This paper provides important managerial implications on the organization and interaction process of product co-creation.

Implementation of model-based definition and product data management for the optimization of industrial collaboration and productivity

For many years, it has been the industry’s intention to support its product life-cycle with different data formats and versions of the same model in order to provide the necessary information for all the downstream processes. The creation of Model-Based Definition technology eliminates the necessity of diverse file formats by substituting them with a single file that is capable of carrying all the important information for processes, such as design, manufacturing, etc. Furthermore, to achieve a proper distribution of the data to the departments involved in the development of the product, many approaches exploited the PLM and the model-based workflows emerged from these technologies’ cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a proposed methodology, which utilizes the capabilities of MBD technology along with the use of PDM software to refine the data sharing process and streamline the collaboration among different departments of a company, without being limited to the design and manufacturing of the product. Aiming to eliminate counterproductive data formats and collaboration methods used in the industry, the proposed method uses an MBD 3D PDF-based template as the main source of the necessary information for all the product life-cycle processes. This lightweight template file, in cooperation with the PDM software, provides the ability to all the departments to obtain the required information, and contribute to the generation of them through a proposed workflow. Moreover, the results concerning the duration of different production activities obtained by the implementation of the method to an industrial equipment company, are used to demonstrate its efficiency.

Digital Twin Bionics: A Biological Evolution-Based Digital Twin Approach for Rapid Product Development

With intensified market competition, product development procedure is accelerated, requiring rapid product innovation and efficient collaboration between design and manufacturing. However, there still exist information islands, prohibiting integration of product life cycle processes. To address this issue, bionics and digital twin (DT) are combined as a potential solution. The concepts, framework, and features of digital twin bionics (DTB) is originally proposed, with co-evolution mechanism of product-twins (including virtual and physical products) and production-twins (including virtual and physical production) elaborated. A symbiotic co-evolution mechanism is presented to integrate the processes of product development and manufacturing. In detail, the supporting technologies, such as industrial internet of things, cloud edge computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, as well as the potential key technologies, are illustrated. A case study for rapid development of automotive body-in-white in an industrial robotics welding production line is investigated to verify the applicability of the proposed framework. The results suggest that the integration of bionics and DTs can accelerate the innovations and developments of new products and management the process of production construction.

Assessment the Cost-effectiveness of Information Support for the Business Processes of a Virtual Machine-building Enterprise in the Framework of Industry 4.0

The features of the organization information support for business processes on the typical virtual machine-building enterprise (VME) with a multi-nomenclature nature of production in the framework of Industrial 4.0 were considered. It has been established that in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0, namely with the individualization of production and consumption, a modern virtual machine-building enterprise must adapt to the production of goods in small batches, moreover in a large assortment and with frequent change of nomenclature in a wide range. It is shown that under these conditions, the effectiveness of the implementation of production processes directly depends on the effectiveness of information support at all stages of the product life cycle (PLC). A methodology is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of information support for PLC processes in the conditions of multi-nomenclature production of a virtual engineering enterprise. The methodological basic concepts are web-mining and multi-agent technology. A comparative analysis of the activities of a typical VME was carried out, which showed that the introduction of information support tools increased the efficiency of VME business processes.

The Augmented Reality Technology as Enabler for the Digitization of Industrial Business Processes: Case Studies

Augmented Reality Technology Augmented Reality Technology (AR) is one of the key technologies of digital transformation in industrial and non-industrial areas. Due to the rapid development of display hardware and tracking systems, virtual and augmented reality applications are being developed today that would only have been possible in large research laboratories with huge efforts a few years ago. This paper presents the application of the augmented reality technology in the industrial field. Based on industrial case studies the implementation of two AR applications and their potential to digitize the product lifecycle processes will be discussed. The case studies were developed within cooperation projects between the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe and a fire truck manufacturer with the focus on the following topics: product configuration management and assembly assistance. The objective of this work is the investigation of the AR application in the industrial environment and its capability as digital transformation technology along the product lifecycle. The presented paper delivers experiences and suggestions in terms of praxis-oriented development and deployment of the AR technology in the engineering field, which can be used for future AR research works.