Product Judgments Research Articles

AN ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CAUSE-BASED MARKETING

Social media marketing is the utilization of social media technologies, channels, and software to create, communicate, deliver, and exchange offerings that have value for an organization’s stakeholder. Marketers and consumers are at present extending their communication through a dynamic new media called the social network. This is the latest development in advertising products and communicating with consumers. Social media is one of the fastest-growing, which encompasses enormous spontaneous brainstorming among its network members for developing an opinion . Actually, this robust social media platform has created an exemplary scope for any brand to advertise its product through exposure, attention and perception; to develop opinions; and to create values. The use of traditional one-way communication to promote consumer perception and boost favourable attitudes towards product value has been dramatically losing its persuasive influence due to the overarching appeal of Facebook as a method of connection for peers Now product judgement, evaluation and perception and the final attitude development processes have been drastically aligned with a new pattern of multidimensional communications where consumers are more interested in and find more credibility through pursuing and streamlining peered opinions instead of getting traditional marketing advertisements. Cause marketing creates a context for social activism by inducing pro social behaviour in consumers; however, not all consumers find every social issue relevant to their interests, values and goals. Marketers use messaging strategies to convey the importance of a social issue and make it seem relevant enough to motivate consumers to behave in a desirable way. In this era, social media platform can be integrated into the cause marketing strategy. This new technology sets out new mechanisms and communication tools that companies, governments and anyone who wants to engage in cause marketing can rely on to interact and engage with actual and potential customers.

Effect of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on halal purchase intentions in the UK: an elaboration likelihood model approach

PurposeThis study aims to examine the mediating role of product judgement in the relationship between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and purchase intention. Additionally, it explores the moderating effects of source credibility and consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement, with a specific focus on Halal products. We utilise the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to investigate how individuals navigate the processing of information, distinguishing between central and peripheral routes. This exploration aims to enhance our understanding of how the ELM framework influences product judgement and purchase intention in the context of eWOM, with a focus on Halal products.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these objectives, an online survey was conducted in the United Kingdom. The study employed a moderated-mediation model, analysed using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe findings highlight the significant role of source credibility in the central route of information processing and purchase judgements. This study confirms that Halal product judgement fully mediates the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention. Additionally, it reveals that higher source credibility amplifies the impact of eWOM on consumer judgement. However, no significant moderating effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the relationship between eWOM and product judgement was observed in this context.Originality/valueThis study enhances our understanding of how Halal products are adopted in non-Muslim societies, shedding light on persuasive processes. Additionally, it refines the ELM in the context of cross-cultural consumer behaviour. The findings underscore the importance of prioritising source credibility in communication to shape information evaluation and persuasion.

Consumer ethnocentrism, cosmopolitanism, product judgment, and foreign product purchase intention: An empirical study in Vietnam

This study aims to determine the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, consumer cosmopolitanism, imported product judgment, and foreign product purchase intention in Vietnam. This paper tries to present its results empirically, which might be helpful in preparing a strategy for Vietnamese customers’ international purchasing behavior to increase competition at retail companies in Vietnam. It uses a questionnaire with a purposive random sampling of 311 customers in Vietnam. Analysis was conducted through a quantitative descriptive analysis, measurement of variable dimensions on the questionnaire using a seven-point Likert scale, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. This study found that imported product judgment, consumer cosmopolitanism, social influence, and perceived behavioral control positively influence foreign product purchase intention, whereas customer ethnocentrism has a negative impact on that intention. The association between consumer cosmopolitanism and foreign product purchase intention is mediated by imported product evaluation and consumer ethnocentrism. At the same time, national identity does not affect consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product purchase intentions. Besides, this study offers some managerial implications for marketers in decisions linked to Vietnamese customers’ international purchasing behavior to increase competition in the domestic market. AcknowledgmentThe authors express a sincere gratitude to all the participants who generously took part in this research study.

The effects of identity salience on product judgment in a domain of trade-offs

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate a condition under which identity salience effects are weakened. By examining how identity salience influences individuals’ product judgment in a domain of trade-offs, the current research demonstrates that the utilitarian value of a product is an important determinant of the effectiveness of identity salience on product judgment.Design/methodology/approachThis research consists of two experiments. In Experiment 1, the authors examined whether identity salience effects were mitigated when the level of the perceived utilitarian value of an identity-incongruent product was greater than that of an identity-congruent product. In Experiment 2, the authors examined the effectiveness of internal attribution as a moderator that strengthens identity salience effects when the perceived utilitarian value of an identity-incongruent (vs. identity-congruent) product is higher.FindingsIn Experiment 1, the authors show that when the utilitarian value of a product with an attribute congruent (vs. incongruent) with one’s salient identity is lower, individuals do not show a greater preference for the identity-congruent (vs. identity-incongruent) product, mitigating the identity salience effects. Experiment 2 demonstrates that when individuals with a salient identity attribute a decision outcome to the self, they display a greater preference for the identity-congruent product even when its utilitarian value is lower compared to that of the identity-incongruent product.Research limitations/implicationsThe research contributes to previous research examining conditions under which identity salience effects are weakened [e.g. social influence by others (Bolton and Reed, 2004); self-affirmation (Cohen et al., 2007)] by exploring the role of the utilitarian value of a product, which has not been examined yet in prior research. Also, by doing so, the current research adds to the literature on identity salience in a domain of trade-offs (Benjamin et al., 2010; Shaddy et al., 2020, 2021). Finally, this research reveals that when a decision outcome is attributed to the self, identity salience effects become greater. By finding a novel determinant of identity salience effects (i.e. internal attribution), the present research contributes to the literature that has examined factors that amplify identity salience effects [e.g. cultural relevance (Chattaraman et al., 2009); social distinctiveness (Forehand et al., 2002); different types of groups (White and Dahl, 2007)].Practical implicationsThe findings provide managerial insights on identity-based marketing by showing a condition under which identity-based marketing does not work [i.e. when the utilitarian value of an identity-congruent (vs. identity-incongruent) product is lower] and how to enhance the effectiveness of identity-based marketing by using internal attribution.Originality/valueBy exploring the role of utilitarian value, not yet examined in prior research, the present research adds to the knowledge of the conditions under which identity salience effects are weakened. Furthermore, by finding a novel determinant of identity salience effects (i.e. internal attribution), the research contributes to the literature on factors that amplify identity salience effects.

The Role of Ethnocentrism and Animosity on Willingness to Buy Chinese Products; Does Foreign Product Judgement Mediate the Relation?

Due to long-standing anti-Chinese sentiments and prior research highlighting Indonesia's high ethnocentrism, this study aims to delve deeper and explore whether Indonesian Consumer Ethnocentrism and Animosity impact their willingness to purchase Chinese products, with foreign product judgment serving as an intervening variable. This study focuses on Chinese products and involves Indonesian consumers in the Jabodetabek region familiar with purchasing goods made in China. The research employed a non-probability judgment sampling technique and used an electronic questionnaire to collect responses from 150 participants. Utilizing the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that Indonesian Consumer Ethnocentrism and Consumer Animosity did not negatively affect the willingness to buy Chinese products. Additionally, no mediating effect was observed through Foreign Product Judgment in these relationships. However, the research revealed Indonesian Consumer Ethnocentrism's significant and positive influence on Indonesian Consumer Animosity. Regarding managerial implications, this study recommends that domestic companies highlight local cultural values, while multinational corporations should consider localizing their products to enhance consumer familiarity.

The Electronic Boycott of Foreign Products and its Impact on the Purchasing Rate of the Jordanian Consumer for Products from Beirut Lights Company for Hygienic Paper Manufacturing

This study investigated the effect of an electronic boycott of foreign products on the purchasing rate of Jordanian consumers for products from Beirut Lights company for hygienic paper manufacturing. This study collected data from 310 consumers purchasing products from Beirut Lights Company for Hygienic Paper Manufacturing using questionnaires. This study employed the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach and analysed the data. The results revealed that electronic boycotts (consumer animosity, consumer ethnocentrism, consumer efficacy, and product judgment) have significant and positive effects on purchasing rates. The results revealed that a 1% increase in Consumer Animosity would lead to an 18.5% increase in Purchasing Rate. Additionally, the results demonstrated that Purchasing Rate would increase by 15.2 percent with a 1% increase in Consumer Efficacy. Also, the results revealed that a 1% increase in Consumer Ethnocentrism would lead to a 23.5% increase in Purchasing Rate. Similarly, the results revealed that a 1% increase in Product Judgement would lead to a 44.1% increase in Purchasing Rate. For Western multinational corporations focused on expanding their foothold in the world's biggest consumer market, this study's conclusions have crucial consequences for decision-makers and management. The suppressed and intense emotion of hostility, which is a remnant of past hostilities, needs much more attention from the Beirut lights firm, which manufactures hygiene paper in Jordan. In other hostile market scenarios, the conclusions of this examination may be applicable to a strategic study of the boycott model.

Ethnocentrism, Animosity, Knowledge and Country of Origin on Purchase of Jingdezhen Blue-And-White Ceramic

This research study aims to inspect the influence of ethnocentrism, animosity, product knowledge and the country of origin on the consumers’ purchase of Jingdezhen blue-and-white ceramics. The study also focuses on the moderating role of country of origin and the mediating role of product judgment. The Jingdezhen ceramics represent cultural significance and are highly renowned, thus providing a unique context to determine the factors affecting its purchase. The study focuses on the direct association between ethnocentrism, animosity, and hedonic product attributes, country of origin, and purchase intention. The study focused on the roles of familiarity and behavioral intention as moderators. Analysis for this study relies on a quantitative approach where data is collected through a questionnaire. With the use of convenience sampling to ensure feasibility and diversity of responses, data will be collected from Chinese consumers. The data was analyzed through SEM, which was applied through AMOS. The results of the study highlight that Product Judgement has insignificant impact on Animosity and Ethnocentrism, however, it has significant impact on Country of origin, and Product Knowledge. Consumer purchase intention of Jingdezhen blue-and-white ceramics was found to significantly influence Animosity, Product Knowledge, and Product Judgement, and has insignificant impact on Country of origin and Ethnocentrism. The research intends to strengthen and add value to existing literature by providing evidence into the interplay between the consumer purchase and cultural products.

The Psychological Underpinnings of Turkish Consumer Choices: Xenocentrism

This study examines psychological drivers influencing Turkish consumer choices, specifically Xenocentrism’s role in purchasing decisions. Analyzing data from 377 young, urban, educated respondents, the research explores the relationship between Xenocentrism, Animosity, and Product Judgment affecting the willingness to buy U.S. goods. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and validated scales, the study challenges the conventional belief that Animosity toward a foreign country reduces purchase willingness. Findings indicate that Personal and National Animosity may coincide with or increase the propensity to purchase despite Product Judgments. This suggests a complex consumer decision-making paradigm, where Animosity is intertwined with identity assertion and perceived product quality. Results show Turkish consumers’ purchase intentions are grounded in product excellence, with perceived superiority shaping xenocentric buying preferences. The implications extend to rethinking consumer behavior models in emerging markets, accounting for the nuanced influences of Animosity, product evaluation, and global cultural narratives. This nuanced understanding of Xenocentrism contributes to the literature by delineating how consumer Animosity and global cultural narratives inform behavior in a post-truth world, providing actionable insights for both theorists and practitioners in the field.

Consumer knowledge and intention-behavior consistency

PurposeIn marketing, most research on intention–behavior consistency (IBC) is dedicated to improving the predictive ability of stated intentions for future behaviors, with relatively less exploration into the precursors of IBC, especially those linked to regular durable goods void of ethical consumption characteristics. This study aims to focus on the antecedents of IBC for such products, specifically examining category-level and product-level IBC in light of consumer knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a two-round survey to collect 3,560 Chinese consumers' vehicle purchase intentions and behaviors. The authors have also leveraged a large vehicle database (containing detailed vehicle attribute information) to measure consumer product knowledge (i.e. product judgment accuracy). A trivariate probit model was proposed to account for the potential selection bias arising from sample attrition while examining the effects of consumer knowledge on category- and product-level intention-behavior consistency.FindingsFindings reveal that 47% of the participants displayed category-level IBC, and within this group, a further 39% exhibited product-level IBC. Notably, product knowledge, manifested as accurate product judgment, correlates negatively with category-level IBC but positively with product-level IBC. Intriguingly, the negative association between inaccurate judgment and product-level IBC is less pronounced for consumers overestimating the target product than for those underestimating it. Furthermore, consumers with direct experience are less prone to show category-level IBC, but are more inclined to display product-level IBC.Practical implicationsVehicle marketers should prioritize consumers who show interest in their products but possess inaccurate knowledge, to retain whom companies can nurture their product knowledge. As for consumers with accurate knowledge, companies should try to expedite their purchase. Vehicle marketers also need to devise suitable advertising strategies to prevent consumers from undervaluing their products. For those overestimating competitors' products, companies can provide information to correct their overestimation and draw attention to possible confirmation biases. Vehicle marketers should encourage potential buyers who have shown interest in their product to participate in test-drive events, exhibitions, and other direct experience opportunities. Yet, for consumers still in the “whether-to-buy” decision-making phase, companies should not rush them into a test drive.Social implicationsIn the policy-making realm, governmental administrators can implement extensive consumer education programs, with a focus on the importance of product knowledge. This may involve providing consumers with accurate information and buying guides through various channels, which can help consumers make informed purchase decisions. Moreover, to foster healthy competition among vehicle companies, governmental administrators can establish regulations that require vehicle companies and other relevant industries to provide accurate and transparent product information, including performance, safety, and environmental aspects. Finally, in order to protect consumer rights, governmental administrators can also strengthen regulations to ensure fair treatment and safeguards for consumers throughout the purchasing process. This includes cracking down on false advertising and fraudulent practices, maintaining market order, and enhancing consumer confidence and purchase consistency.Originality/valueThis study is among the first attempts to examine the relationship between consumer knowledge and intention-behavior consistency, especially for regular durable products void of ethical consumption characteristics. Responding to the call of previous literature (e.g. Morwitz, 1997), the authors distinguish between and examine two forms of intention-behavior consistency simultaneously (using a sample selection model) and obtain more reliable conclusions. Moreover, the study's large-scale two-round survey had obtained individual-level purchase behavioral outcomes, which allowed the authors to measure each consumer's IBC at both category and product levels. More importantly, the authors show the opposite effects of consumer knowledge on the two forms of intention-behavior consistency.

Investigating the effects of product popularity and time restriction: The moderating role of consumers’ goal specificity

Online retailers employ various kinds of social and marketing information cues to influence consumers’ product interest and purchases. This study focuses on the effects of two types of information cues, product popularity and time restriction on product promotions, on consumers’ product approach behavior. It takes a unique perspective by examining how such effects change as consumers’ shopping goals become more concrete. The results of a field experiment and a laboratory experiment show that product popularity and time restriction may not always have a positive influence on consumers’ product approach behavior. In particular, when consumers have not yet formed specific shopping goals, product popularity and time restriction weaken each other's effects on users’ initial product judgment, whereas these two information cues reinforce each other's effects on consumers’ final product evaluation when consumers’ shopping goals have become more specific. This study deepens our understanding of the individual and interaction effects of product popularity and time restriction at different levels of consumer goal specificity. The findings have significant implications for how retailers can leverage different information cues for promoting products.

Is the grass greener on the other side?

Consumer xenocentrism, the belief that the foreign is preferred over the local, is a relatively new construct in the broader country of origin literature. We extend the study of consumer xenocen- trism to Paraguay (South America), an often bypassed and un- derstudied emerging market. Through a purposive survey of 397 middle- and upper-class Paraguayans in 2022, we uncover the existence of consumer xenocentrism and model its relationship to product judgment of regional powers (Argentina and Brazil) and economic superpowers (China and the United States). Our results indicate a positive and significant relationship between Paraguayan consumer xenocentrism and product judgments of Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, but not for China. Mana- gerial and public policy implications of our findings are discussed.

SNSs Engagement and Consumer Purchase Intention toward Foreign Brand Products: The Roles of Foreign Brand Product Judgment and Consumer Ethnocentrism

Bài nghiên cứu này nhằm mục tiêu đưa ra mô hình và kiểm định mối liên hệ giữa gắn kết mạng xã hội và ý định mua sản phẩm thương hiệu ngoại, với vai trò trung gian của việc đánh giá sản phẩm thương hiệu ngoại và vai trò điều tiết của chủ nghĩa vị chủng. Sử dụng mẫu dữ liệu từ 482 người tiêu dùng trên mạng xã hội tại hai thành phố lớn của khu vực phía nam Việt Nam. Phần mềm SPSS 24.0 và Amos 20.0 được sử dụng nhằm phân tích và đưa ra kết quả. Kết quả cho thấy gắn kết mạng xã hội không có tác động trực tiếp lên ý định mua hàng, thay vào đó đánh giá sản phẩm thương hiệu ngoại có vai trò trung gian tích cực trong mối liên hệ giữa gắn kết mạng xã hội và ý định mua hàng. Ngược lại, chủ nghĩa vị chủng lại có tác động tiêu cực đến ý định mua sản phẩm thương hiệu ngoại, đồng thời nó cũng có vai trò điều tiết tiêu cực lên mối liên hệ giữa đánh giá thương hiệu ngoại và ý định mua hàng. Bằng việc kiểm định mô hình với hai cơ chế trung gian và điều tiết trái chiều nhau, kết quả của bài nghiên cứu này đem lại ý nghĩa quan trọng cho cả nghiên cứu học thuật và quản lý doanh nghiệp trên môi trường mạng xã hội.

How Social Norms Influence Purchasing Intention of Domestic Products: The Mediating Effects of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Domestic Product Judgments.

Buying domestic products has become increasingly important in many countries. As a form of social influence, social norms affect people's domestic purchasing intentions and behavior. The current study aims to examine the mechanisms by which social norms influence domestic purchasing intentions through the lens of consumer ethnocentrism and domestic product judgments. The data were collected through an online survey in China, and a total of 346 valid responses were obtained. The results indicate that social norms influence domestic purchasing intention through four paths, namely, direct path, motivational path, cognitive path, and motivational-cognitive path. Consumer ethnocentrism and domestic product judgments, serving as the motivational and cognitive factors, respectively, play mediating and serial mediating roles in the relationship between social norms and domestic purchasing intention. In addition, consumer ethnocentrism has two dimensions, namely, pro-domestic and anti-foreign consumer ethnocentrism, and only the former plays a significant role in the model. The current study has theoretical contributions to research on domestic purchasing intention and practical implications for interventions in domestic purchasing behavior. Future studies are encouraged to conduct experiments, distinguish between different types of social norms, measure purchasing behavior, and verify the relationships in other countries.

Effects of consumer animosity on boycotts: the role of cognitive-affective evaluations and xenocentrism

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the influence of brand-targeted animosity on consumers' boycott intentions for target fashion products via their cognitive and affective evaluations, in the context of the “Xinjiang cotton ban” incident. The moderating role of xenocentrism was also examined.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online survey in China using convenience sampling, and 411 valid responses were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for the descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and reliability analysis. AMOS 24.0 was employed for the confirmatory factor and structural equation modeling analyses. Bootstrapping analysis using PROCESS Macro was employed to analyze the moderating effects.FindingsThis study found that consumers' brand animosity directly and positively affected boycott intentions and that this influence was sequentially mediated through cognitive-affective evaluations. However, cognitive product judgment did not directly affect boycott intentions. The results showed that xenocentrism had a moderating effect on the relationship between animosity and cognitive judgment. The higher the xenocentrism of consumers, the weaker the negative effect of animosity was on cognitive judgment.OriginalityThis study bridges the gap in the literature on animosity and xenocentrism in a fashion-related context through examining the consequences of brand animosity.

THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE WILLINGNESS TO BUY KOREAN NOODLES WITH MODERATING VARIABLE OF DOMESTIC PRODUCT JUDGEMENT

This study aims to examine the effect of Consumer ethnocentrism and worldmindedness on willingness to buy imported Korean noodle. It is proposed that Domestic product judgement has a moderating effect toward willingness to buy imported Korean noodle. This research was using sampling method of non-probability purposive sampling collecting 115 respondents using distributed electronic questionnaires. Then, the data collected is tested and analysed using Structural Equation Model where the results showed that consumer ethnocentrism does not have negative effect on willingness to buy imported Korean noodle as proposed in H1, while world mindedness has a negative but insignificant effect on willingness to buy imported Korean noodle. The further findings suggested that domestic product judgement has no moderating effect on the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy imported Korean noodle. However, the result showed that domestic product judgement proven to moderate the relationship between world mindedness and willingness to buy imported Korean noodle. The managerial implications provide several recommendations not only for domestic retailers but for importers especially in imported noodles as well.

THE IMPACT OF CONSUMER RACISM, ETHNOCENTRISM AND ANIMOSITY AMONG RACES IN MALAYSIA

Abstract: Racism, animosity and ethnocentrism have been a topic of interest and sensitive issues. The purpose of this study is to explore and provide a better understanding of the impact of consumer racism, consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity among races in Malaysia on product judgment and purchase intention. By using the quantitative method, a survey has been conducted via online survey. A total of 220 Malaysian respondents were received. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and the hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and pearson correlation analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 25. The findings showed consistency with previous research. All hypotheses were supported, thus indicating interesting findings. Findings indicate that consumer racism is significantly related to product judgment and purchase intention. Additionally, the findings also suggested that consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity significantly affect product judgment and purchase intention. The contribution of this study is it gives a deeper point of view of consumer racism, ethnocentrism and animosity in the context of Malaysian consumers in which marketers can prioritize the particular aspect in regard to meeting the consumers’ demand and need. However, further research also needs to be done in order to expand the study. As time moves forward, the findings might be relevant now but not in the future. Future research can conduct the study in a smaller population as well as correlate between demographics of consumers with the purchase intention.
 
 Keywords: Consumer racism; consumer ethnocentrism; consumer animosity; product judgement; purchase intention

The interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism among millennial Muslim women consumers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the social identity theory and emotional attachment theory influence the willingness of consumers to buy foreign cosmetic products. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism, foreign product judgment and willingness to buy foreign products. Furthermore, the interaction effect of consumer affinity and patriotism are tested in the model.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 208 millennial Muslim women consumers was used to collect the data. The structural equation modeling test was used to assess the six hypotheses. Moreover, the two-step estimation approach was used to test the interaction moderation of consumer affinity and patriotism.FindingsThe results indicate that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive and significant relationship with foreign product judgment. Foreign product judgment was also found to have a positive and significant relationship with willingness to buy. In addition, this study concludes that affinity was found to moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment and strengthen the positive and significant effect of foreign product judgment on the willingness to buy. Finally, patriotism did not moderate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and foreign product judgment. However, patriotism moderated the relationship between foreign product judgment and willingness to buy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only focused on one category (i.e. low involvement product), and the authors recommend future studies to examine a high involvement product. Other individual orientation constructs, such as xenocentrism, need to be examined in future studies. Moreover, only intentional measures were investigated. Thus, further research could correlate intentional measures with product ownership. Finally, future research could examine how consumers behave differently across nations. Thus, the present model would require cross-cultural research.Practical implicationsMarketers focusing on global branding and international marketing can benefit from the findings of this paper by understanding the antecedents of consumers’ willingness to buy in the foreign cosmetic products setting. Additionally, foreign cosmetic marketers could focus on consumer affinity to strengthen the communication with and arouse the affinity of Muslim millennials women consumers in Indonesia. Finally, marketers can incorporate messages and signals of patriotism in their marketing communications to increase Muslim millennial women consumers’ love and pride.Social implicationsThe growing obsession with beauty among women has led to the immense growth of the cosmetics industry. This phenomenon has spawned an abundance of cosmetic products on the market. The advancement of information technology has further increased competition for cosmetic products as more products can be quickly brought to market. Muslim millennials consumers must be aware and careful about raw materials, impacts on long-term health, impacts on the national economy, environmental impacts and halal certification when using various kinds of cosmetics.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on international marketing research by incorporating the interactive effect of consumer affinity and patriotism in the acceptance of foreign cosmetic products.

The mediating role of product judgment and country of origin effect on health literacy and behavioral intention: A study on COVID-19 vaccines perception of Turkish consumers

ABSTRACT This study is conducted on people in Turkey who had at least one dose of vaccination and it evaluates their differences in attitude in terms of health literacy, product judgment, the country of origin, intention to recommend and motivation to boycott. The 393 vaccine consumers were selected through convenient sampling and the data was collected through online questionnaires. The data was later analyzed by SPSS and AMOS. Normality, reliability tests and frequency analysis were conducted on the data. Afterward, a correlation was calculated using factor loadings to determine the relationship between the variables. The last was conducting the PATH analysis. Some consumers are prejudiced toward COVID-19 vaccines due to perceived distrust, hesitation, and lack of product information. Determining the prejudices of consumers, underlying causes and making inferences will provide more useful information on COVID-19 vaccines to health institutions, vaccine manufacturers, consumers and other organizations.

Dupe influencers exploiting social media to peddle luxury fakes

Dupe—slang for duplicate—influencers are individuals who persuade buyers to purchase counterfeits using social media platforms to drive a brand message intended to confer legitimacy on the purchase decision. Dupe influencers sell fake luxury goods online to their cadres of followers, who relate to the influencers’ fashion savviness and who trust their judgment of products’ quality. In this article, I provide a synopsis of a case Amazon settled against two dupe influencers who used social media to promote the sale of counterfeit luxury products. I highlight the persistent challenge of luxury counterfeits sold online, the consumer complicity of obtaining luxury fakes, and the problem of discerning a knockoff from a counterfeit product. Dupe influencers leverage trust with their followers and use social media tactics, such as unboxing videos and designer haul promotions, to peddle luxury fakes. Recommendations to combat dupe influencers center on monitoring and working with e-commerce platforms to shut down social media posts that infringe a company’s intellectual property, raising consumer awareness of the illicit activities of counterfeiters through education campaigns, leveraging legitimate social influencers to debunk the dupe influencers, and pursuing legal remedies.

The asymmetric dominance of cognitive versus affective country image in driving purchase: Conditioning roles of cognition-affect intra-valence nature and product type

Despite the vast amount of research on country image, extant country-of-origin (COO) literature remains ambiguous about which of the country image dimensions, cognitive country image (CCI) or affective country image (ACI), is more important in driving purchase. Drawing on the primacy of affect theory, this research develops a nomological framework that clarifies this ambiguity and explains whether, when, and why ACI/CCI takes precedence in determining purchase decision. With a large-scale study on Chinese consumers responding to two types of products from four countries, the findings unveil the asymmetric dominance of CCI and ACI in influencing purchase intention via consumer cognitive product judgment and affective product evaluation, which is conditioned by the dyadic effects of country cognition-affect intra-valence nature and product type. This research contributes through illuminating the differential roles of CCI and ACI in influencing consumer reactions to foreign products, the boundary conditions and underlying mechanism of the differences.