Product Development Networks Research Articles

A novel profit allocation rule of complex product development networks under the position value

A fair and reasonable profit allocation mechanism is the key to ensuring the stability of complex product development networks. Considering the disconnectedness of development networks, this paper takes the Position value to allocate profits. Initially, this paper constructs the profit function of complex product development networks, which serves as the characteristic function in graph cooperative games. Subsequently, a real-world case is presented to demonstrate the profit allocation process using the Position value, allowing for an examination of the relationship between profits and firms’ investments. Moreover, various factors are investigated to assess their influence on the profit allocation result, and a comparison is made between the Position value and the Myerson value. By adjusting the parameters and observing the numerical simulation, the research delves into the impact of key parameters on firms’ profit allocation. The findings indicate that the network position and investment are directly proportional to firms’ allocated profits. Additionally, the synergistic coefficient and benefit coefficient positively moderate firms’ profits, while the cost coefficient of investment negatively moderates them. Notably, the Position value proves to be more suitable for complex product development networks than the Myerson value.

Progress in network orchestration research and future prospects: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeNetwork orchestration has received widespread attention from scholars engaged in network-relationship governance research. This study aims to explore progress in network orchestration research and future prospects.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 105 articles related to network orchestration from the Web of Science Core Collection Database for the period 2006–2022 are collected as sample data, and bibliometric relationship maps of network orchestration research are visually presented using the CiteSpace software.FindingsFirst, this study presents distributions of articles, methods, journals, authors, institutions and countries/regions in network orchestration research. Second, based on a reference co-citation analysis, three articles are identified as the key literature in network orchestration research. Based on a keyword co-occurrence analysis, the hotspots are found to include studies related to overall network and individual levels. A cluster analysis reveals six themes: innovation ecosystem, sustainable development, product development, sourcing, hub firm and innovation network. From a burst detection analysis, three frontiers emerge: organisation, collaboration and governance. Finally, some future research directions are proposed and important issues are raised.Originality/valueThis study is the first to reveal the progress of network orchestration research using quantitative bibliometric methods, and it provides insights to scholars and offers practitioners with a better understanding of network orchestration.

Strengthening Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo Development Through Pentahelix Collaboration: A Qualitative Analysis

This study analyzes the development of Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo by employing the pentahelix approach, fostering cooperation among government, industry, academia, society, and the media. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation, the study demonstrates that the pentahelix approach effectively enhances the area's development. The local government provides policy and regulatory support, enabling East Java agribusiness growth, while industry contributes to product development and marketing networks. Academics play a role in product research, development, and human resource improvement. Communities offer support and active involvement in product development and marketing, while the media provides positive coverage and promotions. The implications of this research underscore the significance of collaborative efforts among multiple sectors in regional development, showcasing the potential of the pentahelix model in fostering sustainable growth. Highlight: Pentahelix Collaboration: The study explores the effectiveness of the pentahelix approach, emphasizing the cooperation between government, industry, academia, society, and the media in advancing the development of Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo. Multisectoral Contributions: The research highlights the significant contributions of different sectors in the development process, including the local government's policy support, industry's involvement in product development and marketing, academics' role in research and human resource improvement, community support, and the media's positive coverage and promotions. Sustainability and Growth: The implications suggest that collaborative efforts among multiple sectors are vital for achieving sustainable regional development, showcasing the potential of the pentahelix model in fostering continued growth in the area. Keyword: Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo, Pentahelix Approach, Regional Development, Collaboration, Qualitative Analysis

Strengthening Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo Development Through Pentahelix Collaboration: A Qualitative Analysis


 
 
 
 
 
 This study analyzes the development of Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo by employing the pentahelix approach, fostering cooperation among government, industry, academia, society, and the media. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation, the study demonstrates that the pentahelix approach effectively enhances the area's development. The local government provides policy and regulatory support, enabling East Java agribusiness growth, while industry contributes to product development and marketing networks. Academics play a role in product research, development, and human resource improvement. Communities offer support and active involvement in product development and marketing, while the media provides positive coverage and promotions. The implications of this research underscore the significance of collaborative efforts among multiple sectors in regional development, showcasing the potential of the pentahelix model in fostering sustainable growth.
 Highlight:
 
 Pentahelix Collaboration: The study explores the effectiveness of the pentahelix approach, emphasizing the cooperation between government, industry, academia, society, and the media in advancing the development of Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo.
 Multisectoral Contributions: The research highlights the significant contributions of different sectors in the development process, including the local government's policy support, industry's involvement in product development and marketing, academics' role in research and human resource improvement, community support, and the media's positive coverage and promotions.
 Sustainability and Growth: The implications suggest that collaborative efforts among multiple sectors are vital for achieving sustainable regional development, showcasing the potential of the pentahelix model in fostering continued growth in the area.
 
 Keyword: Puspa Lebo Sidoarjo, Pentahelix Approach, Regional Development, Collaboration, Qualitative Analysis
 
 
 
 
 

TU73. GENETIC LIABILITIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA RISK FACTORS AS POLYGENIC SCORES FOR CASE STATUS PREDICTION: APPLICATION AND BIAS EVALUATION IN A MULTI-ANCESTRY SETTING

Cloud-Based Design and Manufacturing is a service-oriented networked product development model in which service consumers are enabled to configure, select and utilize customized product realization services ranging from computer-aided engineering software to reconfigurable manufacturing systems. So far, this paradigm has mainly been tested for digital design and fabrication processes including the usual steps of designing an artefact with a CAD system to then have a prototype manufactured with a 3D printer. Unfortunately, a common mishap that can often be observed is that artefacts that look perfectly fine on the CAD computer screen come out severely misshaped on the 3D printer. In this paper, we first investigate and document this phenomenon and explain its root cause, which concerns a) the data transmitted to the 3D printer, b) inappropriate design features, and c) a mismatch between geometry requirements and printer capabilities. As more and more entrepreneurs, hobbyists in maker communities, and other not always fully trained individuals pursue their design and make ideas, there is a need for smart computer-based support to facilitate a successful design-to-print process. Such a digital DfM assistant might pop up to prompt a designer to modify identified critical areas of the design so that it can be printed with a chosen printer or alternatively propose another type of printer that may have the technical capabilities to accommodate the design in its current form. Acknowledging this need, we propose a two-stage smart manufacturability assistant. The first stage decomposes the digital model into a series of part features; the second stage of the model involved defining the capabilities of the 3D-printer. Finally, we begin to realize this manufacturability assistant by creating and evaluating a bespoke test part which can be used to define a machine-material capability map for an example FDM process.

Towards the efficient generation of variant design in product development networks: network nodes importance based product configuration evaluation approach

Towards the efficient generation of variant design in product development networks: network nodes importance based product configuration evaluation approach

International new product development performance, entrepreneurial capability, and network in high-tech ventures

This study aims to investigate the role of external network resources of emerging market ventures (EMVs) in shaping ventures’ entrepreneurial capability and achieving superior new product development (NPD) performance in the international marketplace. It integrates the extended resource-based view and knowledge-seeking perspectives of EMVs with the literature on entrepreneurship and international business. We collected survey data from 179 high-tech ventures in China and validated the model using structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that external network resources of Chinese ventures play a crucial role in driving their development of entrepreneurial capability, which in turn positively affects their international NPD performance. Moreover, findings elucidate the network condition in which they can facilitate the contribution of entrepreneurial capability to NPD performance. They also suggest that EMVs with well-developed entrepreneurial capability perform better in NPD for international markets when they are capable of developing international networks.

The effects of product development network positions on product performance and confidentiality performance

AbstractProduct development networks facilitate access to information, knowledge, and technologies that are otherwise difficult to obtain during innovation activities. Most current research on networks focuses on studying product performance benefits, but ignores the potential negative effects on confidentiality performance. Addressing this gap, we investigate how two key components of a firm's network position—network centrality and structural holes—affect both product and confidentiality performance. To do this, we assemble a panel of 1,468 electronic video games designed and developed by 591 developers over an 11‐year period. We find that higher network centrality relates to better product performance but worse confidentiality performance. Meanwhile, firms spanning more structural holes enjoy better performance across both dimensions. In an exploratory analysis, we find that product novelty strengthens the positive relationship between network centrality and product performance but mutes the positive relationship between structural holes and product performance. We discuss the importance of these findings to the literature on innovation in inter‐organizational networks.

How firms learn in NPD networks: The 4S model

This paper examines how firms learn in new product development (NPD) networks. While existing research in business and industrial marketing has significantly advanced our understanding of learning within single firms and in dyadic relationships, our knowledge of inter-firm learning across direct and indirect business relationships in NPD networks remains limited. We address this limitation by conducting multiple case study research to develop a more holistic understanding of learning in NPD networks that is captured in the proposed 4S model. Drawing on an integrated theoretical perspective and the empirical results of three case studies, we propose that firms engage in iterative cycles of syndicated, situated, selected and synergised modes of learning in NPD networks.

Projectification

PurposeThe last few decades have seen the rapid emergence of two transformative streams in large firms. The first is the development of project management, aimed at improving the performance of innovation management, while the second, the internationalization of innovation organizations and processes in response to strategies of redeployment toward emerging countries. Both streams have been closely analyzed in the fields of project management and international management, respectively. However, the links between the two have been less studied. The purpose of this paper is to consider the hypothesis that a firm’s projectification might have an important impact on its pattern of internationalization in innovation.Design/methodology/approachFirst, we present the models of internationalization of innovation processes used in the multinational corporation literature. This field essentially focuses on the components of permanent organizations: global internationalization strategy and legacy, R&D footprint, characterization of local subsidiaries and the role of central head offices. Projects figure only as a context in which those elements operate, not as a structuring variable of the global innovation process pattern. The authors challenge this view by exploring whether the specificities of the firm’s projectification pattern can influence how it builds its global innovation process. The paper is based on a longitudinal case where the authors analyze the organizational transition within the Renault group, an emblematic case of a multinational that implemented a spectacular internationalization transition in the 2000s.FindingsOur results demonstrate project organizing’s major impact on the internationalization patterns of innovation processes within the firm. They show how the deployment of a polycentric innovation footprint has been the consequence of a specific projectification transition, giving the project and program functions the autonomy to transgress centralized product development norms to adapt their project to the local environment; use the initial breakthrough project as the foundation for a new and specific global product development network through a lineage logic; and sustain this innovation global network as a permanent process of the firm.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper demonstrates the importance of the organization’s projectification characteristics as an important vector for successfully implementing the most advanced internationalization strategies (i.e. reverse innovation) and innovation processes models (i.e. integrated networks).Practical implicationsThe paper characterizes project management related conditions that can govern the success of innovation strategies in high-growth emerging countries: the autonomy and empowerment of project functions; colocation and integration of teams; existence of a program function; and HR policies capable of supporting lineage management and project-to-project learning processes.Originality/valueBridging project management literature with multinational management literature. Demonstrate the key impact of projectification on internationalization pattern of the firm. Longitudinal analysis of a firm internationalization transition on a ten-year period.

’Experience First’: Investigating Co-creation Experience in Social Product Development Networks

Social product development (SPD) is a network-based innovation model in which firms or platforms use social mechanisms and social technologies to mobilize organizationally independent individuals––co-creators––to co-create new products. SPD networks require the maintenance of external participation across the innovation cycle to survive competition and thrive in the innovation sector. While prior research suggests that the viability, survivability, and productivity of social networks generally depend on user experience, we have limited evidence on the particular role of user experience in the context of SPD networks. Responding to this need, we introduce a conceptual model to theorize and operationalize co-creation experience in SPD networks. Through validating the proposed model, we demonstrate why co-creation experience is critical for predicting co-creators’ behavioral intentions and maintaining their actual contribution. Finally, we explore the theoretical and practical implications of the results. Future studies can leverage the findings to better capture co-creation experience and contribute to designing successful SPD networks.

Process network modularity, commonality, and greenhouse gas emissions

AbstractA process network is a complex system of linked unit processes that constitute the life cycle of a product. In this article, we consider how the structural and functional characteristics of a product's process network impact the network's collective greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At a unit process level, GHG emissions are primarily related to process efficiency. We hypothesize that a process network's GHG emissions will be less when the process network has a modular structure and when its constituent unit processes are more functionally similar. A modular process network architecture promotes autonomous innovation and improvements in knowledge management and problem‐solving capabilities, leading to more efficient processes. Functional commonality in a process network enables economies of scale and knowledge spillover and also leads to process efficiencies, thus reducing GHG emissions. We test these two hypotheses using a sample of 4,189 process networks extracted from an environmental life cycle inventory database. Empirical results support our hypotheses, and we discuss the implications of our findings for product development and supply network design.

Methodology for the Design of Agile Product Development Networks

Agile practices are increasingly introduced in R&D departments of manufacturing companies, with the aim of simultaneously improve the development speed and the ability to adapt to changing market conditions. At the same time, growing product complexity is addressed through an increasing number of collaborations in so-called product development networks. However, there is no systematic approach in scientific literature that combines these two trends and relates the organizational characteristics of agile product development with the design of a product development network. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology for the design of product development networks in order to increase organizational agility. The construct of agility is characterized by a set of agile attributes (AA), while the network design is described by network features (NF). To connect these dimensions, a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model with two related Houses of Quality (HOQ) is developed. The first HOQ determines the importance of each AA based on the strategy-specific competitive bases (CB) of the company applying the methodology. The second HOQ relates the weighted AA with the NF. Thus, transparency about relations between attributes of organizational agility and network design features is generated. The methodology supports a company in the following two dimensions. First, it provides information about which NF represent the most auspicious levers for optimization measures to allow an efficient prioritization in network management. Second, it indicates the direction of optimization for each NF depending on the actual status of the network.

An Ontology for Supporting Digital Manufacturability Analysis

Cloud-Based Design and Manufacturing refers to a service-oriented networked product development model. It involves digital design and manufacturing processes, such as designing a product using CAD and generating prototypes via additive manufacturing. Unfortunately, designs that look fine on the CAD screen often turn out misshaped on the 3D-printer. The root cause of this is a mismatch between CAD geometry and 3D-printer capabilities. In this paper, the authors investigate this issue and propose an ontology for capturing core data of CAD models and 3D-printers with the aim to support smart digital design-to-manufacture analysis apps for matching suitable printers to design models.

Product development network modelling extensions to the cycle elimination method

Abstract This paper considers Product Development (PD) project networks, which are characterized by stochastic activity durations and activity rework or iteration (i.e., potential to repeat some activities several times during PD execution). The Cycle Elimination (CE) approach presented in Nasr et al. (2016) reduces the computational complexity of analyzing iterative PD project networks by considering an approximate network with no iteration. We build on the CE approach to investigate practical scenarios which arise in real world PD projects which are not accounted for by the CE approach. These scenarios include: (i) forward probabilities, (ii) dynamic rework probabilities and proportions, (iii) multiple dependency relationships between activities, and (iv) different rework through indirect connections. We demonstrate these extensions using two case studies. The first case study considers a software development process, where we collected the data by interviewing the managers of the company. The second case study involves a hardware development process (adapted from Pinkett (1998)), where the results show that the proposed method outperformed three existing techniques from the literature. Both cases were solved using the proposed modification to the CE approach, and then simulated to gauge the accuracy of the proposed method showing very promising results.

Evolution of Global Product Development Networks: An Exploratory Study

Global Product Development (GPD) networks have evolved to satisfy the unique requirements essential to the successful adoption of corporate outsourcing and offshoring during development processes. Having reviewed the relevant literature associated with GPD, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of organizational considerations taken by GPD networks during their transitional processes. A retrospective case study analysis was conducted with 17 Italian companies classified into six GPD configurations (named the “Chess matrix”). Each classification was based on both developmental localization (local versus global) and product development process fragmentation; development activities are either entirely performed within the same development lab, eventually with the contribution of support/adaptive units, or they are split among development units. Using this classification system, an evolutionary model was adopted to illustrate the dynamic paths companies follow when transitioning toward new GPD configurations. With this framework and categorization process, it was deduced that three main variables drove each of the 17 companies: 1) market needs; 2) market extension; and 3) internal needs. These variables were determined based on the GPD approach each company adopted in pursuit of a stable profitable configuration that was achieved by either deliberately remaining in a certain configuration or by employing an evolutionary GPD development configuration. In recognizing that there is not a singularly optimal stable configuration, it is essential to recognize and identify the individual drivers being pursued by each enterprise when implementing specific configurations. Further research will be devoted to more extensively elaborate the paths within a larger sample of companies to identify unrevealed paths and drivers that move companies in their product development globalization efforts.

Complex Design Networks: Structure and Dynamics

Why was the $6 billion FAA air traffic control project scrapped? How could the 1977 New York City blackout occur? Why do large scale engineering systems or technology projects fail? How do engineering changes and errors propagate, and how is that related to epidemics and earthquakes? In this paper we demonstrate how the rapidly expanding science of complex design networks could provide answers to these intriguing questions. We review key concepts, focusing on non-trivial topological features that often occur in real-world large-scale product design and development networks; and the remarkable interplay between these structural features and the dynamics of design rework and errors, network robustness and resilience, and design leverage via effective resource allocation. We anticipate that the empirical and theoretical insights gained by modeling real-world large-scale product design and development systems as self-organizing complex networks will turn out to be the standard framework of a genuine science of design.

Does different NPD project’s characteristics lead to the establishment of different NPD networks? A knowledge perspective

ABSTRACTIn today’s highly competitive and globalised marketplace, firms need more and more to develop new knowledge and capabilities to leave behind their competitors, thus gaining market share. Knowledge is fundamental for success because a firm that knows more, often develops more sustainable competitive advantage. Networks, like those oriented to New Product Development, seem to be valuable means of learning, as firms could not achieve alone the same results, or at least not as quickly. Through this integrative systematic review, we are interested in understanding whether different New Product Development projects correspond to different New Product Development networks in terms of knowledge exchanged among the partners involved. Our results highlight the presence of four types of New Product Development networks deriving from the combination of the degree of innovation characterising the project and its mode of development. Implications and future research are also proposed.

Smart Manufacturability Analysis for Digital Product Development

Cloud-Based Design and Manufacturing is a service-oriented networked product development model in which service consumers are enabled to configure, select and utilize customized product realization services ranging from computer-aided engineering software to reconfigurable manufacturing systems. So far, this paradigm has mainly been tested for digital design and fabrication processes including the usual steps of designing an artefact with a CAD system to then have a prototype manufactured with a 3D printer. Unfortunately, a common mishap that can often be observed is that artefacts that look perfectly fine on the CAD computer screen come out severely misshaped on the 3D printer. In this paper, we first investigate and document this phenomenon and explain its root cause, which concerns a) the data transmitted to the 3D printer, b) inappropriate design features, and c) a mismatch between geometry requirements and printer capabilities. As more and more entrepreneurs, hobbyists in maker communities, and other not always fully trained individuals pursue their design and make ideas, there is a need for smart computer-based support to facilitate a successful design-to-print process. Such a digital DfM assistant might pop up to prompt a designer to modify identified critical areas of the design so that it can be printed with a chosen printer or alternatively propose another type of printer that may have the technical capabilities to accommodate the design in its current form. Acknowledging this need, we propose a two-stage smart manufacturability assistant. The first stage decomposes the digital model into a series of part features; the second stage of the model involved defining the capabilities of the 3D-printer. Finally, we begin to realize this manufacturability assistant by creating and evaluating a bespoke test part which can be used to define a machine-material capability map for an example FDM process.

Architecture, Performance, and Investment in Product Development Networks

Firms engaging in product development (PD) face the imperative problem of allocating scarce development resources to a multitude of opportunities. In this paper, we propose a mathematical formulation to optimize PD investment or resource allocation decisions. The model maximizes the performance of a product under development, based on its architecture and the firm's available resource, by choosing the optimal resource allocation across product modules and design rules that govern the relationships between these modules. Results based on a comprehensive experiment (with various architectural patterns, escalating number of dependencies, and different problem sizes) shed light on three important hypotheses. First, product architecture affects resource allocation decisions and ultimately product performance. The second hypothesis tests whether modular or integral architectures can attain higher performance levels based on our formulation. A third hypothesis states that there is a shift in the temporal allocation of resources from design rules to individual modules, thus supporting the move from integral to modular architectures as the product evolves across multiple generations. Finally, the model and the experimental results provide design and managerial insights to both development engineers and managers. Specifically, for development engineers, the model and its analysis provide guidance for selecting the product architecture which leads to maximum performance. For development managers, the model and its analysis assist in deciding the optimal budget proportions to be allocated to modules and to design rules, given a fixed architecture and budget.