Problem Of Producing Research Articles

An intelligent decision for a bi-objective inventory problem

This article deals with the bi-objective manufacturing inventory problems. We know that the present world economy is very much competitive and nobody leaves a pace to the other company for their profit-seeking enterprises. However, every company has a specific demand curve for selling their commodities or products which may intersect each other or not. Under these circumstances it is troublesome to get an optimum solution for bi-objective problems in the business arena that maximises their individual average total profit. To overcome these situations, we have used seven methods, namely goal programming, goal attainment, utility function, individual optimisation, geometric mean, global criteria, and mini–max method extensively. Moreover, we have studied the cases of two book producer's problems along with their parabolic and linear several demand positions, respectively. Numerical examples and graphical illustrations are made to justify the model.

On the Intertemporal Incidence of Externalities

In this paper we investigate the shifting incidence over time of a change in the demand for certain types of commodity. Such a change could be the result of the imposition of an excise tax, or of a change in tastes, or of an externality.' Our analysis is in fact quite general, although for expositional purposes we have chosen to discuss a specific, limited problem. The distinctive feature of the analysis is that we assume that there is a component in the capital stock used in the production of some good or service that requires maintenance and is an argument of the producer's revenue function as well as his cost function. We study the intertemporal results of a once-and-for-all change in the environment, and it is in this sense that our analysis is general, although we present it in the context of a simple externality example. The example is that of a resort operator who supplies hotel services which are consumed jointly with the amenities of a natural environment such as a beach or lake, which is exogenous to him. The operator is assumed to supply a certain standard of comfort-in general, a flow of services-generated by an element of his capital stock. This component of capital may be thought of as a level of upkeep of plumbing, paintwork, bed linen and the like. The state of of the resort depreciates unless maintained, so that maintenance will be a control variable for the operator, determined as the solution of an optimal control problem.2 We consider the change in the optimal maintenance path induced by an exogenous change in the environment, and the consequences for consumer welfare. In particular, we consider the following welfare problem: given that the consumer has suffered an irreversible impact loss from the environmental change, does he3 suffer further loss from the induced change in the optimal maintenance path? It is not too surprising to discover that the answer depends on consumer tastes. In the next section of this paper, we sketch the operator's optimal control problem. This is done briefly since the general theory of optimal exit paths, or how to run a bankrupt railroad, is fully analysed elsewhere (Davidson, 1977). In Section II we relate the producer's revenue function directly to the consumer's utility function so that we may investigate welfare effects. The crucial feature of the analysis, as we shall show later, is that, while the producer's problem is one in comparative dynamics, the welfare problem can be reduced to one in comparative statics. Our assumptions are, for the most part, standard and obvious and include as much differentiability as we need of the representative consumer's utility function. In addition we assume (a) that investment in comfort is irreversible, and (b) that comfort and the consumption of accommodation are gross complements in demand. Some other technical assumptions are discussed in the Appendix.

Comments on "The Relationship Between Diffusion Rates, Experience Curves, and Demand Elasticities for Consumer Durable Technological Innovations"

Traditionally, marketing scholars have focused their attention on demand analysis; that is, they have attempted to explain consumers' response to various marketing activities. By and large, the supply side, or the producer's problems, have been ignored. The Bass paper (this issue) is one of the first marketing studies to analyze both the consumer's and producer's problems. The analysis is within the context of the diffusion of new products. In this note I will synthesize the Bass work and comment on some of the assumptions which underlie it. The Bass (1969) model of the sales of new consumer durables can be equivalently represented as

Commercial Applications of Present Alternatives for Control of Marek's Disease

Cell-culture-propagated turkey herpesvirus vaccines are presently the most appealing of the available alternatives. However, the handling difficulties and costs associated with present vaccines, together with legal and regulatory complications, serve as a stimulus for the continued search for improved and alternative methods of control of MD. The magnitude of a poultry producer's problem will influence his choice of alternatives. Poultrymen with management systems and physical plants which create high risk of exposure to virulent MD must provide immunization insurance by vaccinating every chick. They will definitely improve their financial outcome by using vaccine even at current prices. Many poultrymen, however, have management systems and physical plants which preclude early exposure to virulent MD. They suffer losses so low or infrequently that there is considerable doubt whether or not the improvement through vaccination will equal the cost of immunizing. They want low-cost insurance.

The Yarn Producer's Problems in the Dyeing of Nylon

The factors in the molecular structure of 66 nylon which control its dyeing properties are identified. Amine end‐group content and degree of order are shown experimentally to be the most important. Examples are given of the use of the experimental work in (a) the control and investigation of the nylon production process, and (b) the choice of dyes of good levelling and covering properties on nylon. On the basis of the latter a classification of anionic dyes is proposed.