Processing Tomato Research Articles

Pengembangan Agroindustri Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian Kelompok Wanitatani di Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat

The income of farm households that rely on the cultivation subsystem has so far been relatively low, so it is necessary to look for additional income such as processing agricultural products such as chilies and tomatoes which are easily damaged. Montong Are Village, Kediri District, has the potential to produce chilies and tomatoes, which when the main harvest prices fall, so it requires yield processing technology that can be obtained from training activities which are part of community service activities. The objectives of this activity are to: (1) increase the knowledge, skills and attitudes of women farming in agricultural product processing activities through training, (2) increase the quantity and quality of processed agricultural products, and (3) produce scientific publications. The target group is a member of a women's group of 30 people from 3 groups in Montong Are Village, Kediri District. The method used in community service activities is participatory based training where women farmers will be actively involved in every activity. Implementation of activities includes: outreach, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), training, and practice of processing agricultural products. The results of the training showed that there was an increase in knowledge for training with chili processing material by 50.45% and for training with tomato processing material there was an increase of 52.25%. In general, there was an increase in the volume of processed chili (sambal clove) and tomato sauce production, although it was not significant because at the time of activity, the production of chili and tomatoes was not much and the price was still high enough that it was not urgent to process them into processed chili/sambal and tomato sauce products. Later, if production is abundant and prices fall, processing of agricultural products, especially chilies and tomatoes, can be carried out.

Epistatic QTLs for yield heterosis in tomato

Controlled population development and genome-wide association studies have proven powerful in uncovering genes and alleles underlying complex traits. An underexplored dimension of such studies is the phenotypic contribution of nonadditive interactions between quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Capturing of such epistasis in a genome-wide manner requires very large populations to represent replicated combinations of loci whose interactions determine phenotypic outcomes. Here, we dissect epistasis using a densely genotyped population of 1,400 backcross inbred lines (BILs) between a modern processing tomato inbred (Solanum lycopersicum) and the Lost Accession (LA5240) of a distant, green-fruited, drought-tolerant wild species, Solanum pennellii. The homozygous BILs, each harboring an average of 11 introgressions and their hybrids with the recurrent parents, were phenotyped for tomato yield components. Population-wide mean yield of the BILs was less than 50% of that of their hybrids (BILHs). All the homozygous introgressions across the genome reduced yield relative to recurrent parent, while several QTLs of the BILHs independently improved productivity. Analysis of two QTL scans showed 61 cases of less-than-additive interactions and 19 cases of more-than-additive interactions. Strikingly, a single epistatic interaction involving S. pennellii QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 7, that independently did not affect yield, increased fruit yield by 20 to 50% in the double introgression hybrid grown in irrigated and dry fields over a period of 4 y. Our work demonstrates the power of large, interspecific controlled population development to uncover hidden QTL phenotypes and how rare epistatic interactions can improve crop productivity via heterosis.

Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato as Improved by Biostimulants Based on Trichoderma sp. and Ascophyllum nodosum and Biodegradable Mulching Films

Tomato is a great source of bioactive compounds, is important for human health, and is cultivated worldwide. However, the high inputs required for its cultivation must be sustainably managed in order to limit yield losses, thus obtaining high-quality and environmentally friendly production. In this perspective, we compared four biostimulant treatments, i.e., Ascophyllum nodosum extract—Bio; microbial biostimulant containing the micro-organism Trichoderma afroharzianum—Mic; a combination of both—M-B; not treated—Control) and three mulch treatments (biodegradable film Ecovio—ECO; biodegradable film MaterBi®—NOV; bare soil—BS) and evaluated their effects on yield and quality traits in processing tomato. Both biodegradable films elicited a 27.0% yield increase compared to plants grown on bare soil, and biostimulants determined a 23.7% increase over the Control, with the best performance recorded for M-B (+24.8%). Biodegradable MaterBi® film (NOV) was associated with higher total soluble solids (TSS) and firmness values (average of 4.9 °Brix and 1.30 kg cm−2, respectively), even if a significant effect of biostimulants was observed only for the second element. Carotenoid content was higher in non-treated plants grown on bare soil as well as hydrophilic antioxidant activity (AA), but in this case, no differences between biostimulant treatments were recorded. The lipophilic AA in NOV-treated plants was about six and four times higher than observed in BS and ECO treatments, respectively; NOV also caused a 38.7% increase in ascorbic acid content over the Control but was not different from ECO. All biostimulant treatments elicited a 30% increase in phenol content compared to Control plants. Our findings highlight that microbial biostimulants based on A. nodosum extract and T. afroharzianum (both applied singularly and combined) can be considered a sustainable tool for increasing yield and improve some quality traits of processing tomato; in addition, we also confirmed the capability of biodegradable mulches, in particular, MaterBi®, to enhance the agronomic performance of tomato.

Optimization of Applied Irrigation Water for High Marketable Yield, Fruit Quality and Economic Benefits of Processing Tomato Using a Low-Cost Wireless Sensor

Water management is a key factor to optimize fruit quality and yield of processing tomatoes which are site-specific and influenced by environmental conditions e.g., soil, temperature, precipitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacity of a low-cost wireless soil moisture sensor in determining the irrigation level for optimizing the marketable yield, fruit quality and economic profit of processing tomato. A two-years (2017–2018) trial was conducted in open field, applying nine drip irrigation levels controlled by wireless soil moisture capacitance sensors. The irrigation levels were as follows: 13.2, 16.7, 25.4, 33.3, 50.0, 62.3, 82.5, 100 and 186.8% of water restitution based on soil moisture sensor readings. Because of the crop stress induced by heavy rainfalls occurring in 2018 growing season, total and marketable yields reached higher maximum values in 2017 than 2018. In 2017, total and marketable yields were maximized by supplying 92.8% and 96.2% of irrigation level, respectively. Moreover, 95.6% and 91.2% of irrigation level were necessary in 2018 to maximize total and marketable yield, respectively. In both growing seasons, marketable yield variation was due to changes of both fruit number and fruit mean weight. Total soluble solids of fruit juice linearly decreased by increasing the irrigation level with a more pronounced effect in the driest growing season (2017). Economic analysis demonstrated that 100% of irrigation level should be preferred by the Italian farmers since it maximized the operating margins of processing tomatoes in both years. To conclude, the use of the tested low-cost wireless soil moisture sensor is an effective tool to manage the level of irrigation and optimize the processing tomato yield and economic benefits for farmers.

Extraction, characterization, and application of tomato seed oil in the food industry: An updated review

Tomato seeds are the by-product of the tomato processing industry used to extract valuable compounds like tomato seed oil (TSO). The TSO is well known for its functional and health-promoting properties. Therefore, recent studies which focused on application of TSO became popular among food manufacturers. This review presents comprehensive methods of TSO extraction and its unique fatty acid profile. The characterization of TSO is briefly discussed, creating a better utilization for various diseases. This review also focused on the multiple application of TSO in the food industry, from dietary supplements to food packaging films, the demand for TSO in the market to improve economic value, and the importance of TSO in the food and medical industry. The TSO can be extensively applicable as a functional compound in the food and bakery industry as a covering material in tomato-based products like tomato sauce and slices. It also acts as a better antioxidant and has antimicrobial properties due to its essential fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid. The assessment of this article provides an overview of the importance of TSO in food application, from extraction techniques to dietary supplements and its potential for bioactive compounds.

Evaluation of finger weeder safety and efficacy for intra‐row weed removal in irrigated field crops

AbstractIncreased demand for pesticide‐free food and the development of herbicide‐resistant weed populations have created a need for non‐chemical weed‐control tools. A candidate mechanical tool for controlling weeds in the seeding line (intra‐row zone) is the finger weeder. This study thus aimed to evaluate the safety and weed‐control efficacy of the finger weeder in various irrigated field crops. Eight field trials were conducted in processing tomato, sweet corn, sunflower, cotton, and beetroot over 2 years. The finger weeder treatments were applied as the sole weed‐control method (single or double treatments) and in combination with herbicides. A mini meta‐analysis was used to evaluate the overall effect of the finger weeder treatments on crop stand and yield and on weed control efficacy. Weed density in the control not treated with herbicides nor a finger weeder ranged between 2 and 62 weeds m−2. The finger weeder treatments resulted in a significant reduction in weed density, which ranged between 40% and 90%. The weed density following the double finger weeder treatment was not significantly different from that for the conventional herbicide‐based treatment (p = 0.32) and could therefore be considered as an effective environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, a single FW treatment integrated with herbicide application gave better weed control than the conventional herbicide treatment (p = 0.04). This treatment was safe for the crops with no significant stand (p = 0.19) or yield (p = 0.29) reductions compared to commercial treatment. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of the finger weeder as an effective tool within integrated weed management systems for conventional agro‐systems. The tool offers a rational weed‐control solution for sustainable systems under irrigation.

EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS FROM THE COMPLEX TEACHING OF THE DISCIPLINE OF FOOD CHEMISTRY

The materials of the article consider the possibilities for determining the goals of education of university students in the discipline of Food Chemistry with the aim of further developing the components of complex projects. When writing the article, many years of experience in teaching the discipline «General technology of the food industry» at the National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» at the Department of Integrated Technologies, Processes and Devices were used. Developments are carried out to the application of modern, highly effective scientifically based technologies for the use of raw materials, for example, from types of chemical analysis of raw materials and products to the selection of technological stages. Examples and some features of possible training solutions are presented, which are based on experimental data for the development of mechanisms for the identification and classification of technological processes and devices in the form of intellectual property objects. The article shows examples of directions for improving technology and equipment for tomato processing in various ways, analyzed methods of intensification of technological production processes taking into account the knowledge gained from the discipline of Food Chemistry, as well as innovations of various types of companies with complex processing of various types of raw materials. The problem of disposal of various types of waste is considered in the form of complex complex processes, their research and analysis of energy- and resource-saving components.

Can Satellites Predict Yield? Ensemble Machine Learning and Statistical Analysis of Sentinel-2 Imagery for Processing Tomato Yield Prediction

In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for robust prediction of processing tomato yield using open-source AutoML techniques and statistical analysis. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was deployed to obtain values of five (5) selected vegetation indices (VIs) during the growing season of 2021 (April to September) at 5-day intervals. Actual recorded yields were collected across 108 fields, corresponding to a total area of 410.10 ha of processing tomato in central Greece, to assess the performance of Vis at different temporal scales. In addition, VIs were connected with the crop phenology to establish the annual dynamics of the crop. The highest Pearson coefficient (r) values occurred during a period of 80 to 90 days, indicating the strong relationship between the VIs and the yield. Specifically, RVI presented the highest correlation values of the growing season at 80 (r = 0.72) and 90 days (r = 0.75), while NDVI performed better at 85 days (r = 0.72). This output was confirmed by the AutoML technique, which also indicated the highest performance of the VIs during the same period, with the values of the adjusted R2 ranging from 0.60 to 0.72. The most precise results were obtained with the combination of ARD regression and SVR, which was the most successful combination for building an ensemble (adj. R2 = 0.67 ± 0.02).

Recovery and Purification of Cutin from Tomato By-Products for Application in Hydrophobic Films.

Tomato pomace is a low-cost, renewable resource that has been studied for the extraction of the biopolyester cutin, which is mainly composed of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids. These are excellent building blocks to produce new hydrophobic biopolymers. In this work, the monomers of cutin were extracted and isolated from tomato pomace and utilized to produce cutin-based films. Several strategies for the depolymerization and isolation of monomeric cutin were explored. Strategies differed in the state of the raw material at the beginning of the extraction process, the existence of a tomato peel dewaxing step, the type of solvent used, the type of alkaline hydrolysis, and the isolation method of cutin monomers. These strategies enabled the production of extracts enriched in fatty acids (16-hydroxyhexadecanoic, hexadecanedioic, stearic, and linoleic, among others). Cutin and chitosan-based films were successfully cast from cutin extracts and commercial chitosan. Films were characterized regarding their thickness (0.103 ± 0.004 mm and 0.106 ± 0.005 mm), color, surface morphology, water contact angle (93.37 ± 0.31° and 95.15 ± 0.53°), and water vapor permeability ((3.84 ± 0.39) × 10-11 mol·m/m2·s·Pa and (4.91 ± 1.33) × 10-11 mol·m/m2·s·Pa). Cutin and chitosan-based films showed great potential to be used in food packaging and provide an application for tomato processing waste.

Utilization of Agro-Industrial By-Products for Sustainable Poultry Production

Agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) that are not intended for human consumption can be used as alternatives to conventional feedstuffs in animal nutrition to produce animal products without competing for land or triggering the food-feed competition, thus leading to environmental, social, and economic sustainability. These by-products are also known to contain several bioactive compounds and have a potential to become nutraceuticals that can promote the health and well-being of poultry. The potentials of some AIBPs (e.g., fruit juice industry leftovers, oilseed industrial by-products, distillers’ grain by-products, vinification by-products, olive oil industry by-products, pomegranate by-products, tomato processing by-products) and their derivative products as functional feeds for poultry, but also potential limitations of utilizing AIBPs in poultry nutrition are elaborated in the present review. The possible mechanisms through which AIBPs may improve the health status and productivity of poultry are also discussed. We suggest that nutrient variability across countries should be stabilized and potential hazards such as mycotoxins and pesticides should be eliminated, and the potential hazards present in AIBPs (e.g., mycotoxins) should be better controlled through appropriate legislation and proper application of control measures. Modern processing methods, new types/classifications, and proper developmental strategies foster the utilization of AIBPs in animal nutrition. This review focuses on the AIBPs as feeds, not only for their nutritional value but also for their contribution to sustainable practices.

Tomato Processing By-Products Valorisation through Ohmic Heating Approach

Tomato by-products from processing industries have a higher potential to be reused as a source of bioactive compounds. Reliable national data on tomato by-products and physicochemical characterisation that will inform and find effective planning on tomato waste management in Portugal is absent. To help obtain this knowledge, selected Portugal companies were recruited to obtain representative samples of by-products generation, and physicochemical composition was evaluated. Furthermore, an environmental-friendly method (the ohmic heating (OH) method, which allows the recovery of bioactive compounds in absence of hazardous reagents) was also used and compared with conventional methods to explore new safe value-added ingredients. Total antioxidant capacity and total and individual phenolic compounds were also evaluated by spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Tomato processing by-products have revealed a higher potential since both collected samples from companies were rich in protein (between 16.3 to 19.4 g/100 g DW, with fibre content ranging from 57.8 to 59.0 g/100 g DW). In addition, these samples contain 17.0 g/100 g of fatty acids (mainly polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated, such as linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid, respectively). Also, they present mainly chlorogenic acid and rutin as phenolic compounds. After understanding its composition, the OH was applied to determine added-value solutions to tomato by-products. With extractions, two types of fractions were obtained, namely liquid fraction rich in phenols, free sugars, and carotenoids and a solid fraction rich in fibre bound to phenols and carotenoids. This treatment has been shown to have the ability to preserve carotenoids, such as lycopene relative to conventional methods. Nevertheless, new molecules were identified by LC-ESI-UHR-OqTOF-MS analysis, such as phene-di-hexane and N-acethyl-D-tryptophan. According to the results, the OH boosts the potential of tomato by-products and can be directly introduced into the process, contributing to the circular economy and zero by-products.

Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural residues produced in Southern Greece during the spring/summer season

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-known environmentally friendly technology, that even though has been investigated extensively, in Greece there is still a lack of experimental knowledge on locally available substrates’ valorisation. This study aimed to assess a continuous one-stage AD system for the valorization of Southern Greece’s spring/summer residual biomass. The most suitable substrate in Southern Greece during the spring/summer season is 10% corn silage, 14% cattle manure, 66% unsuitable for human consumption watermelons, and 10% tomato processing residues, in terms of methane yield maximization during anaerobic co-digestion. Regarding the system operational conditions, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 20 d, while the initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 g COD/(L·d) was applied, which was increased gradually, up to 7 g COD/(L·d). The reactor operated successfully for the applied OLRs 2–5 g COD/(L·d), while a further increase led to inhibition phenomena. Even if propionate accumulated up to 5 g/L, it successfully coped with the correction of alkalinity levels (up to 6.4 g CaCO3/L). The system’s efficient operation paves the way for residual biomass treatment in one-stage systems, without substrate dilution, at high OLRs, that can be applied in countries characterized by a surplus of the aforementioned residues.

Major Soilborne Pathogens of Field Processing Tomatoes and Management Strategies.

Globally, tomato is the second most cultivated vegetable crop next to potato, preferentially grown in temperate climates. Processing tomatoes are generally produced in field conditions, in which soilborne pathogens have serious impacts on tomato yield and quality by causing diseases of the tomato root system. Major processing tomato-producing countries have documented soilborne diseases caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and oomycetes, which are of economic importance and may threaten food security. Recent field surveys in the Australian processing tomato industry showed that plant growth and yield were significantly affected by soilborne pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium species. Globally, different management methods have been used to control diseases such as the use of resistant tomato cultivars, the application of fungicides, and biological control. Among these methods, biocontrol has received increasing attention due to its high efficiency, target-specificity, sustainability and public acceptance. The application of biocontrol is a mix of different strategies, such as applying antagonistic microorganisms to the field, and using the beneficial metabolites synthesized by these microorganisms. This review provides a broad review of the major soilborne fungal/oomycete pathogens of the field processing tomato industry affecting major global producers, the traditional and biological management practices for the control of the pathogens, and the various strategies of the biological control for tomato soilborne diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of the management strategies are discussed, and highlighted is the importance of biological control in managing the diseases in field processing tomatoes under the pressure of global climate change.

Bin mapping of water stress tolerance‐related, fruit quality, and horticultural traits in tomato introgression lines derived from wild Solanum habrochaites

AbstractClimate change is reducing water availability for crop production. Cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, has a limited genetic base for improvement. A wild tomato, Solanum habrochaites, is water stress tolerant and may serve as a genetic source of abiotic stress‐tolerance traits. A set of 24 introgression lines (ILs) derived from S. habrochaites and processing tomato inbred cultivar E6203 were evaluated in the field in replicated experiments over 3 years for 15 traits, including water stress tolerance‐related, fruit quality, and horticultural traits. A split plot experimental design was employed with reduced and full irrigation treatments as main plots. Subplots consisted of the ILs and control E6203, and trait data were collected on a per‐subplot basis. Statistical data analyses and bin mapping were performed on a per‐trait basis. Trait‐genomic region associations (TGRAs) were detected in ILs when a significant difference between E6203 and an IL was present. A total of 268 TGRAs were detected for all 15 traits. Traits mapped to introgressions in 22 of the 24 ILs and in 11 of 12 tomato chromosomes. ILs contributed both positive and negative allelic effects at TGRAs. TGRA with positive allelic effects from S. habrochaites were identified for soluble solids content, fruit weight, degree of fruit sunburn, canopy cover, and maturity. Our results suggest that S. habrochaites may be a useful resource for breeding improvement of certain fruit quality and horticultural traits in cultivated tomato. Overall, S. habrochaites alleles did not contribute to increased water stress tolerance relative to E6203 at the milder level of water stress used in this study.

Antifungal activity of Bacillus mojavensis D50 against Botrytis cinerea causing postharvest gray mold of tomato

Botrytis cinerea causes considerable economic losses to the tomato processing industry. Hence, the study evaluated the antifungal activity of eight biocontrol strains isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil against B. cinerea. These strains demonstrated potent antifungal activity with an inhibition rate ranging from 19.30% to 69.88%. Among them, a strain named D50 showed the highest effect with an inhibition rate of 69.88%. D50 strain was identified as Bacillus mojavensis by morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses. The Bacillus mojavensis D50 fermentation supernatant (BMFS) was used for subsequent experiments to unveil antimicrobial activity of its secondary metabolites. BMFS (5%, v/v) reduced the growth of B. cinerea by inhibiting mycelial growth, conidial production, and mycelial dry weight by 51.7%, 45.9%, and 53.7%, respectively. Detailed analysis revealed that the antifungal effect of BMFS decreased when it was heated above 80 °C and adjusted to pH 2, 8, and 10. The antifungal effect also decreased when exposed to UV for more than 40 min. Further, the in vivo effect of BMFS in preventing gray mold was evaluated using cherry tomatoes. After B. cinerea inoculation for 5 days, the disease incidence and disease severity of cherry tomato treated with BMFS decreased by 33.5% and 31.5%, respectively. BMFS treatment enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenyl alanine lyase (PAL) and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cherry tomatoes during infection. Moreover, BMFS prevented tomato gray mold by enhancing the transcript levels of systemic acquired resistance-related marker genes (SlLoxD, SlMyc2, SlPR1-a, SlPAL5, SlEIN2, and SlEIN3). SlLoxD and SlMyc2 had high expression levels among the defense-related genes, indicating activation of the jasmonic acid signal pathway. Thus, the study demonstrates the great potential of BMFS in managing the postharvest gray mold of tomato caused by B. cinerea.

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 on Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Tenuazonic Acid.

Large amounts of processing tomato are grown in Xinjiang, China. Tomato black spot disease, caused by Alternaria spp., and the produced alternaria toxins in tomato products are posing risks to human health. In this study, we isolated a rhizospheric bacterium, XJ-BV2007, from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields, which we identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. We found that this bacterium has a strong antagonistic effect against Alternaria alternata and reduces the accumulation of alternaria toxins in tomatoes. According to the antifungal activity of the bacteria-free filtrate, we revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 suppresses A. alternata by the production of antifungal metabolites. Combining semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we employed UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis and the Oxford cup experiment to find that fengycin plays an important role in inhibiting A. alternata. This paper firstly reported that B. amyloliquefaciens efficiently controls tomato black spot disease and mycotoxins caused by A. alternata. B. amyloliquefaciens XJ-BV2007 may provide an alternative biocontrol strain for the prevention of tomato black spot disease.

Processing and preservation of homemade tomato, pepper, and onion paste for combating household food wastage and economic sustainability

Tomato, pepper, and onion have been widely used for meal preparation and consumption. However, post-harvest loss is a significant obstacle to the production of tomatoes, onions, and peppers in Nigeria. The shelf life of these veggies has to be extended in a secure and affordable method. Any technique for product storage and preservation that promotes the use of affordable, locally accessible materials and ensures that product quality is unchanged for a long time should be used. This paper examines the processing and preservation of homemade tomato, pepper, and onion paste for combating household food wastage and economic sustainability. Specifically, this study aimed at processing tomato, pepper, and onion into a paste, preserving the paste for 7 months at room temperature, preparing stew from both fresh and preserved paste, and also evaluating the sensory attributes of both fresh and preserved paste and stew. Two research questions and two hypotheses served as the study’s guidelines. A total of 35 lecturers made up the population, and 15 lecturers were chosen as the sample. Data for the study were gathered using a nine-point Hedonic Scale rating questionnaire. The findings were presented as mean values, and the hypothesis was tested using the t-test. The significant differences were accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Sensory evaluation revealed that there were no significant differences between the preserved and fresh paste and also no significant between the preserved paste stew and the fresh paste stew at P ≤ 0.05. Processing and preservation of homemade tomato, pepper, and onion paste should be practiced in Nigeria, especially by homemakers. This will reduce the amount of domestic wastage of vegetables and reduce the amount of family resources spent on these vegetables during scarcity.

Analysis of the effect magnet-pulse processing on the storage of tomato fruits

The conducted studies were aimed at assessing the impact of tomato storage methods, taking into account the extension of their shelf life and preservation of nutritional value, using the example of two varieties. The shelf life of all varieties has been increased by magnetic pulse processing (MPP) of the fruits when stored in the unpackaged variant. As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that the processing of tomatoes with MPP and storage conditions had a significant impact on the physiological weight loss of tomatoes. The parameters of magnetic pulse processing in the course of experimental studies were magnetic induction - 5 mT, frequency 32 Hz. An increase in shelf life and significant changes in quality were observed in all tomato samples stored in the MPP container, while deterioration in quality was increased in vacuum-packed tomatoes. The best storage combination was MPP in a polystyrene container, which kept the tomato fruits up to 30 days. The performed studies confirmed the possibility of effective use of a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field with the selected parameters to increase the shelf life and preserve the biochemical composition of tomatoes.

Supplementation of tomato pomace in lassi (a traditional Indian dairy product)and its effects on physico-chemical, functional attributes and shelf-life of lassi

Utilization of agriculture waste as food additives increased significantly due to their potential health and nutritional attributes. Tomato crop is widely grown across the globe and generates large amount of waste in the form of tomato pomace during the processing of tomato. Dried tomato pomace has a higher shelf-life and easier for food fortification. Lassi is a traditional Indian dairy product consumed as a refreshing beverage during summer. Considering the various health and nutritional benefits of tomato pomace present study was undertaken to supplement tomato pomace in lassi. Tomato pomace powder (TPP) was prepared by tray drying at 55-60 °C for 16-18hrs. Pomace had 16.70% protein, 57.53% crude fibre, and 49.80%2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) inhibition activity, 311.7mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100g total phenolic content(TPC). Supplementation of tomato pomace was done at different rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% (w/v) of milk during the heating of milk. 1% tomato pomace added lassi had a better sensory score and physico-chemical properties with an overall acceptability score of 7.5. In, addition 1 % tomato pomace lassi had 2.53% fat,2.67% protein, 18.81% total solids, 0.66% ash, 21.81% DPPH inhibition antioxidant activity and 12.37 mg GAE/100 g. Tomato pomace powder added lassi was found stable up to 12 days of storage study while the control sample (without tomato pomace)was unacceptable after 9 days of storage. Lassi supplemented with tomato pomace rich in fibre and antioxidant activity. Utilization of tomato pomace in lassi fortification can be better alternative for tomato processor as lassi consumed very large segment of population.

Effects of cover crop, N and residue management on the financial sustainability of processing tomatoes in Southwestern Ontario

Abstract Given the potential environmental and economic sustainability consequences of cover crop adoption, N fertilizer application, and residue management, this study focuses on the yield and financial effects of these on processing tomato production in Ontario, Canada. The study employs financial modeling using field data from a long-term cover crop experiment (oat, cereal rye, radish, and a radish-rye mixture) from 2010 to 2020. Averaged over six experimental years, compared to no cover (87 Mg ha−1) radish (99.6 Mg ha−1) and radish-rye mix (95.2 Mg ha−1) cover crops produce statistically significantly higher tomato yields as isolated practices, increasing farm net returns by $1120 ha−1 and $604 ha−1, respectively. When combined with N application, rye application additionally results in tomato yields statistically significantly higher than the base practice of no cover crop, zero N application and retained residue. Oat cover does not appear to have a statistically significant effect on tomato yields in this dataset. The application of N fertilizer results in statistically significantly higher tomato yield, increasing net returns by $882 ha−1, while residue management does not.