Script Processing Research Articles

A Study on Handwritten Text Recognition Classification using Diverse Deep Learning Techniques and Computation of CTC Loss

Handwriting recognition encompasses the conversion of hand-written text images into digital text, where input images yield predicted textual output. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology has conventionally fulfilled this role. With surging mobile phone usage, leveraging text detection via mobile cameras gains significance in fields like medical script processing and exam evaluation. To enhance image quality, noise reduction techniques like binarization and thresholding are applied. Image processing entails letter segmentation and extraction. In this paper, we propose a neural network classifier model amalgamating Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Leveraging an existing feature dataset, the model is trained. Input images are evaluated through the neural network, yielding recognized words in a text document format. Ultimately, the predicted output is derived via Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC)- based loss computation. Keywords: Handwritten Recognition, Deep Learning Techniques, Optical Character Recognition.

The Elements of the Life Script and Neurobiology

This article is based on the speech ”The Seven Elements of the Life Script” at the MIR-TA (International Institute of Developmental Transactional Analysis, IIDTA) Student Conference, which was held in July 2023. In this paper, the author relies on Tony White’s article “The Life Script Heptagon” (2022), as well as works of Adriana Montheiro and Louis Kozolino on the topic of neuroscience. Advances in neuroscience may now provide new insights into the concept of the life script proposed by Eric Bern. The motivation of the client to change and study his life script is in the locus of control of a psychologist working in the modality of transactional analysis. The purpose of the author is to analyse a new view on the constituent components of a life script and to raise the question: what is the main target in the work of a psychologist in different methods of psychotherapy, as well as studying the connection between the script process and new research in the field of neuroscience, which will expand the understanding of the life script for more productive work.

“In Therapy, We are Moving Towards the Permission for Recognition the Significance of Our Peculiarities and Our Uniqueness Before God”

Interview with Anna Sergeevna Yarygina, a psychologist practicing in the modality of transactional analysis, and the wife of an Orthodox Christian priest. Anna Sergeevna grew up in a religious family and now mostly works with religious clients, Orthodox Christians, as she understands and shares their path, the specifics of their growing up and their beliefs. In this interview, Anna Sergeevna talks about her personal observations, about what life script processes and drivers are inherent in Orthodox clients, how a therapeutic alliance is built, and what difficulties may arise in such work.

Visual word recognition of Chinese-Japanese bilinguals: limited role of phonology.

The investigation of how orthography and phonology influence lexical semantic access in visual word identification is a crucial area in psycholinguistics. Previous studies, focusing on alphabetic scripts in bilingual lexical recognition, have highlighted the facilitative role of phonological similarity. Yet, the impact of cross-language phonological similarity in bilinguals using non-alphabetic scripts remains unclear. In this study, we employed a lexical decision task to examine Chinese-Japanese bilinguals. Participants were presented with Chinese-Japanese cognate translation pairs, categorized into phonologically similar and dissimilar cognates. Analysis of event-related potentials (ERP) revealed no significant differences between phonologically similar and dissimilar contexts in the early time windows (90-170 ms and 170-270 ms). However, in the later time window (350-500 ms), significant differences were observed, with the phonologically dissimilar condition eliciting a larger negative wave. Contrary to findings in alphabetic script-based studies, our results suggest that in logographic script processing, the activation of phonology and semantics occurs simultaneously, and the influence of phonology is limited. This indicates a distinct cognitive processing mechanism in non-alphabetic language bilinguals, providing new insights into the dynamics of bilingual lexical recognition.

Science and audiovisual: the practial-theoretical creative process of scripting, mounting and editing the documentary series Eu, Mutum

Science and audiovisual: the practial-theoretical creative process of scripting, mounting and editing the documentary series Eu, Mutum

A View of an Adult Person with ADHD from the Standpoint of Transactional Analysis

The article examines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from The point of view of Transactional Analysis, namely: what injunctions, drivers, script processes and adaptations adults with ADHD can possibly have. We considered how the symptoms of ADHD manifest themselves in childhood and transform in adulthood; what we, as therapists, will observe in our office, and how it will help to make the correct diagnosis.
 The article touches on the topic of the complexity of the diagnosis of ADHD due to its comorbidity. The question is raised whether a standard therapeutic treatment plan is suitable for neuroatypical (neurodiverse) people.The question is also raised about how the therapist and the client may not feel “OK” if both do not know that the client may have a neuroatypical brain, and as a result of this ignorance, they focus on the therapy of other disorders. In this case, the results of therapy may be insignificant, or symptoms may return again. In the presence of such markers, it is possible to make an assumption about the client’s neurodiversity and recommend that he or she undergo a diagnosis for ADHD, which will significantly increase the results of working with him or her.

Imagine that: Overview of an Article by Aruna Gopakumarand Nikita Bandale. Postmodern Redecision Methods that use Imagination

Imagination is a powerful tool that activates internal resources of a client, involves The Little Professor and affects emotions. This paper presents the overview and the analysis of the article by Aruna Gopakumar and Nikita Bandale about redecision methods that use imagination. It presents two stories of redecision therapy that uses imagination and imagery of a client as resources for change. Moreover, it provides the rationale for using imagination as therapeutic interventions, for both uncovering unconscious script patterns and inviting the client to make changes in order to use imagination with greater awareness in practice. Whereas a traditional redecision therapist thinks in terms of injunctions, impasse resolutions, games, analysis of a script process, a postmodern therapist focuses on the process of creating a new story or giving a new meaning to an old story of the client, where the child's autonomy was invalidated. In this method the new story comes to the foreground, while the old one recedes into the background and gradually fades away, giving the client an opportunity to make a new decision in favor of autonomy. Herewith stories are played in imagination, as if it happens here and now, giving the client an opportunity to get in touch with feelings and experience an affect.

Fārsīgraphy in Zoroastrian Middle Persian Manuscripts

Abstract The tradition of writing in Iran has a long history, and its continuous development has, from time to time, led to new scripts. A most notable case is that of Perso-Arabic's replacement of Pahlavi script when New Persian replaced Middle Persian, resulting in Zoroastrian priests having difficulties reading and understanding their religious texts. The process of changing scripts is well attested by the tradition of Pāzand. Although Pāzand was considered one of the first types of transliteration in Iran, this tradition was also gradually abandoned due to its reliance on Avestan script, which was and continues to be uncommon. Avestan script is now found in Zoroastrian Middle Persian (Pahlavi) manuscripts, just as Pāzand was traditionally used for earlier texts. Pāzand–i.e., transcription of Middle Persian in the Avestan alphabet–was used for some time, but was eventually abandoned for scripts in common use, i.e., Persian in Persia and Gujarati and Devanagari in India. In this paper, the aim is to identify and categorize this tradition's characteristics in Pahlavi manuscripts, drawing on manuscripts from the fifty-three volumes published by the Asia Institute of the Pahlavi University of Shiraz, as listed in the Appendix.

‘It's just pølse’: Convenient meat consumption and reduction in Norway

Meat consumption and convenience food are both located at the heart of contemporary, industrialized, unhealthy and unsustainable food systems. In this article, we study the intersections between convenience food and ‘meatification’ of diets, focusing on the ‘pølse’—an umbrella term including both hotdogs and a range of sausages—as the epitome of convenience food in Norway. We explore how the pølse is embedded in Norwegian food practices, and why it is considered convenient in different contexts. In doing so, we seek to explain how pølse eating is co-shaped by socio-material scripting processes that further entrench meat in food practices and complicate meat-reduction efforts. The analysis is based on 52 in-depth household interviews and autophotography in four geographical contexts in Norway, in addition to 22 park interviews and survey data centering on household food and meat practices. We use a theoretical apparatus combining social practice theory, foodscapes and socio-material scripts to analyse the conveniencization of pølse. The articles demonstrates how meat consumption and convenience food become entwined in specific social practices, and how conveniencization intersects with practices of care, notions of class, social expectations and normativity. Moreover, we show that despite the range of plant-based ‘pølse’ substitutes on offer, meat-eaters remain skeptical to its taste, and substitutes rather seem to offer a way into established social occasions for non-meat eaters than a way out of meat eating.

Probabilistic analysis of derrick frame in a formwork support system

The fastener is the core component of the formwork support system, and its working characteristics have a significant influence on the bearing capacity of the system. The non-intrusive stochastic finite element analysis of the formwork support system was conducted using the Python script process driving the ABAQUS main progress based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of random occurrence of fastener failure with different numbers at any position on the reliability of the system was obtained. The analysis results showed that the increase of the failure probability of the fastener would lead to a significant increase in the magnitude and probability of the decrease of the bearing capacity. The above results also illustrated that the deterministic analysis of the formwork support system based on the integrity of all fasteners is not practical and unsafe.

Landsifier v1.0: a Python library to estimate likely triggers of mapped landslides

Abstract. Landslide hazard models aim at mitigating landslide impact by providing probabilistic forecasting, and the accuracy of these models hinges on landslide databases for model training and testing. Landslide databases at times lack information on the underlying triggering mechanism, making these inventories almost unusable in hazard models. We developed a Python-based unique library, Landsifier, that contains three different machine-Learning frameworks for assessing the likely triggering mechanisms of individual landslides or entire inventories based on landslide geometry. Two of these methods only use the 2D landslide planforms, and the third utilizes the 3D shape of landslides relying on an underlying digital elevation model (DEM). The base method extracts geometric properties of landslide polygons as a feature space for the shallow learner – random forest (RF). An alternative method relies on landslide planform images as an input for the deep learning algorithm – convolutional neural network (CNN). The last framework extracts topological properties of 3D landslides through topological data analysis (TDA) and then feeds these properties as a feature space to the random forest classifier. We tested all three interchangeable methods on several inventories with known triggers spread over the Japanese archipelago. To demonstrate the effectiveness of developed methods, we used two testing configurations. The first configuration merges all the available data for the k-fold cross-validation, whereas the second configuration excludes one inventory during the training phase to use as the sole testing inventory. Our geometric-feature-based method performs satisfactorily, with classification accuracies varying between 67 % and 92 %. We have introduced a more straightforward but data-intensive CNN alternative, as it inputs only landslide images without manual feature selection. CNN eases the scripting process without losing classification accuracy. Using topological features from 3D landslides (extracted through TDA) in the RF classifier improves classification accuracy by 12 % on average. TDA also requires less training data. However, the landscape autocorrelation could easily bias TDA-based classification. Finally, we implemented the three methods on an inventory without any triggering information to showcase a real-world application.

Blockchain-Based Dangerous Driving Map Data Cognitive Model in 5G-V2X for Smart City Security

The development of 5G network communication has brought technological innovation to smart city communication, making the realization of V2X (vehicle to everything) technology possible. Vehicles wirelessly communicate with other vehicles, sensors, pedestrians, and roadside units, raising data security issues while driving. In order to ensure driving safety, the risk map cognitive model is established with the help of blockchain technology. In this model, the key map data and personal privacy information are encrypted and uploaded to form a blockchain, and the smart contract technology is used for automatic script processing. Then, according to different risk scenarios, cognitive learning is carried out for different risk levels, the cognitive results and corresponding operations are fed back to the intelligent vehicle, and these operations ensure the safe operation of the vehicle according to the intelligent vehicle. Finally, the feasibility of the model was verified by comparing different dangerous scenarios. The experimental results show that this risk cognition model can cognize the data of the intelligent vehicle according to different danger scenarios, and the model can transmit acceleration, deceleration, braking, and other behaviors to the intelligent vehicle to ensure smart city driving safety.

Analysis of acid\u2013base disorders in an ICU cohort using a computer script

Background/aimsAcid–base status is important for understanding pathophysiology, making a diagnosis, planning effective treatment and monitoring progress of critically ill patients. Manual calculations are cumbersome, easily result in wrong conclusions. We wanted to develop an automated assessment of acid–base status.MethodsA simplified adaptive MATLAB script processing all available theory to date was created, evaluated and used on blood gas analyses drawn immediately after admission to ICU. The script was compared to golden standard, calculating manually by two experienced ICU physicians.ResultsResults from the script correlated completely with detailed manual calculations of randomly chosen 100 blood gas results and it was able to deliver complex data on cohort level with advanced graphics. The initial blood gas analyses from 8875 admissions constituted the cohort, of which 4111 (46.3%) were normal. Respiratory acidosis was the primary disturbance in 2753 (31.0%) and metabolic acidosis in 464 (5.2%). Respiratory alkalosis was the primary disturbance in 1501 (17.0%) and metabolic alkalosis in 46 (0.5%). Of the disturbances 74.7% were mixed with two and 2.1% with three simultaneous disturbances. Acidoses were less compensated compared to alkaloses.ConclusionsAcid–base theories are developed on ideal models and not on critical care patients, they require inputs that might not be available, and therefore, estimations are needed. In our cohort, it was difficult to develop a working script based on Stewart, whereas Boston/Copenhagen worked better. Acidoses were more common and more deviated compared to alkaloses.

PENULISAN KREATIF DALAM NASKAH DRAMA “KABAYAN DI NEGERI ROMEO” KARANGAN ROSYID E. ABBY

This study analyzes the creative writing process for the creation of the play "Kabayan di Negeri Romeo" by Rosyid E. Abby which is an adaptation of the stories "Si Kabayan" and "Romeo and Juliet". The design in this study uses qualitative research, and the method taken in this study is a descriptive method. This study examines and describes the existence of creative writing in the drama script "Kabayan di Negeri Romeo". The drama script adapts the story by using the development of character, plot, and setting elements based on the stories "Si Kabayan" and "Romeo and Juliet". The results of this study will find the creative writing process of drama scripts which can later be used to write drama scripts.

Methodology for Developing a Combined Bathymetric and Topographic Surface Model Using Interpolation and Geodata Reduction Techniques

The research in this paper is concerned with the development of a continuous elevation model in the coastal zones of inland waters. The source data for the creation of numerical terrain models were data acquired by contemporary sensors, such as such as a single-beam echosounder and an unmanned aircraft system. Different interpolation methods were tested in the study. A new approach in the research field is an interpolation method based on the processing of datasets with different degrees of spatial data reduction. The authors call it the Spatial Interpolation Method based on Data Reduction (SIMDR). The choice of method is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, taking into account the type of interpolation and the method of geodata reduction. A proposal for the practical implementation of the method involves script processing, which automates the processes of modeling and error calculation.

Application of digital technology in the work of a pathologist: guidelines for learning how to use speech recognition systems

Natural language processing is one of the branches of computational linguistics. It is a branch of computer science that includes algorithmic processing of speech and natural language scripts. The algorithms facilitate the development of human-to-machine translation and automatic speech recognition systems (ASRS). ASRS use is twofold: accurately converting operators speech into a coherent and meaningful text and using natural language for interaction with a computer. Currently, these systems are widely used in medical practice, including anatomic pathology. Successful ASRS implementation pivots on creation of standardized templated descriptions for organic inclusion in the diagnosis dictation, likewise on physician training for using such systems in practice. In the past decade, there have been several attempts to standardize surgical pathology reports and create templates undertaken by physicians worldwide. After studying domestic and foreign literature, we created a list of the essential elements that must be included in the template for macro-and microscopic descriptions comprising the final diagnosis. These templates will help in decision-making and accurate diagnosis as they contain all the imperative elements in order of importance. This approach will significantly reduce the need for re-examination of both fixed macroscopic material and the preparation of additional histological sections. The templates built into ASRS reduce the time spent on documentation and significantly reduce the workload for pathologists. For the successful use of ASRS, we have developed an educational course, Digital Speech Recognition in an Anatomical Pathology Practice, for postgraduate education of both domestic and foreign doctors. A brief description of the course is presented in this article, and the course itself is available on the Internet.

Implementation of QBP Radiation Therapy Protocols at a Cancer Centre

Purpose: In 2020, Ontario Health Cancer Care (CCO) implemented quality based procedures funding for radiation therapy. All treatment plans and courses treated with radiation therapy were expected to have an RT Protocol assigned in their monthly submissions to CCO. CCO released the list of the protocols to Ontario cancer centres in March 2020 with submission expected in April 2020. In light of the pandemic, the deadline was extended to April 2021. Our centre has been submitting RT Protocols since April 2020. Methods: Like all centres in Ontario, we investigated the best way to incorporate and implement RT Protocols within our current processes. The first step involved reviewing the list of RT Protocols to understand the elements contained such as site types, intent, dose and fractionation ranges, exclusions and other criteria. The second step was comparing the list with our own departmental protocols and treatment regimens. Within our centre, this meant aligning the RT Protocols with site based care plans in the oncology management software (Mosaiq). Multi-disciplinary technical site groups were notified of careplans and fractionations not supported and adjustments were made as required. The third step entailed devising and implementing a process to populate RT Protocols for each patient, allowing for changes in RT Protocol, if required, as treatment progressed. An automated IQ Script process was chosen to limit the chances of error with manual entry or selection. RT Protocol would be verified at the time of planning to ensure that no changes occurred from careplan entry to plan approval. Corrections were made as needed. The RT Protocols were validated by manually verifying RT Protocols generated, ensuring the protocol matched treatment intent and dose fractionation. Our third party vendor was notified and able to extract RT Protocols information from Mosaiq. Results: Some of the initial challenges related to software limitations. In Mosaiq, there were some options available such as protocol and regimen sections, however, they did not meet our needs due to character limits and free text nature of entries. Furthermore, RT Protocol names were not as intuitive or explicit by their name, leading us to select an automated QCL Script process instead. RT Protocols are defined by site, which worked well for radical treatments. However, for palliative treatments this posed a problem. In our centre, palliative careplans are defined by the number of fractions. Patients with multiple protocols also posed a challenge as the system could only handle one protocol at a time for given course of treatment. Replans and rescans may warrant an RT Protocol change so reminders were added to verify and manually correct. Conclusions: Our centre established a stable and validated process to list and submit RT Protocols. We were the first and only centre to submit RT Protocols by the initial deadline. This is a fluid process as protocols are constantly being updated and new requests are being submitted. Most of the challenges listed were rectified through a manual process. The percentage of manual changes required decreased over time.

A Tracking System to Enhance Transportation of Examination Materials based on Spatial and Cloud Technologies

This article is an extract of the ongoing study which seeks to develop a framework for secure transportation, tracking and storage of examination question papers, answer scripts using spatial data, sensing, and cloud technologies. This part of the study investigated the transportation of examination materials in relation to examination malpractices and leakages. Based on the findings, the study explored the use of GPS, GPRS/GSM and cloud technologies to enhance the distribution process of examination question papers and answer scripts. We proposed a GPS tracking system which would ensure real-time tracking and monitoring of the examination distribution process. The primary benefit of this system is that the transportation vehicles will always be tracked and remain monitored such that if there is any holdup, immediate action can to be taken. Also since GPS allows constant updates in real-time, any sort of uneven event happening, the main station will be informed immediately. This helps timely action to be taken and also eliminates human interventions or rather depending on humans to report any uneven event. The baseline study indicated that the challenges faced in the distribution process were mainly lack of reliable transportation vehicles which accounted for 67% of those who did not have any designated vehicles. A remote monitoring system was proposed as a way of improving the distribution process.

Conceptual processing system for a companion robot

Companion robots should perceive speech, recognize objects in the real world, and further react with speech utterances and nonverbal communicative cues. Robots should also remember the interaction history and accumulate knowledge from external text sources: news, blogs, and e-mails. We have designed a conceptual representation system for a companion robot, able to support this list of interactive tasks. The system includes a speech processing component and operates with semantic representations: sets of semantic markers, assigned to valencies within sentence predications. The reaction support system inherits a classic production architecture and consists of scripts, sensitive to rational or emotional stimuli. The general architecture is based on parallel processing of scripts, it may trigger several behavioral reactions in response to a stimulus, and after that it combines speech output and nonverbal reactions of these scripts on the robot, thus, constructing compound and rich behavior. Semantic representations and scripts are also used to index incoming utterances in a memory base.

An analytical study of the ritual ceremonies in Iranian performing arts, a case study of Travellers

Rites and myths are important parts of the identity and the culture of every nation. Iranian rites and performing arts, as a part of Iranian art and culture, which has always got attention throughout history, can help us recognize ancient Iranian culture and history. Cinema, among other interactive arts, has sometimes been able to portray ritual arts well. Travellers movie, made by Bahram Beyzai, is one of the most prominent examples of the visualization of ritual arts in Iran, because the movie consists of three parts, like the three theaters, in which the rites are portrayed as the main story of the movie, and the Persian culture and customs have been exhibited. This paper, which its research method is descriptive-analytical, examines the standing of rites and ritual arts in Travellers movie and analyzes its atmosphere regarding to performing rituals. Its scene design changes as the script process, so that the application of elements such as light and color, and their intensity and reduction in different mental conditions, from pleasure to mourning, has been considered wisely, and the atmosphere has a dramatic impact on the audience in different scenes. The lighting and the coloring of the scenes in the movie, indicates a tribute to beliefs and faith in rites and ritual arts.