Motivated Information Processing Research Articles

Prediction of mild cognitive impairment using EEG signal and BiLSTM network

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive disease that primarily affects elderly persons. Patients with MCI have impairments in one or more cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. The risk of Alzheimer’s disease development is 10 times higher among individuals who meet the MCI diagnosis than in those who do not have such a diagnosis. Identifying the primary neurophysiological variations between those who are suffering from cognitive impairment and those who are ageing normally may provide helpful techniques to assess the effectiveness of therapies. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) are utilized to investigate the processing of sensory, cognitive, and motor information in the brain. ERPs enable excellent temporal resolution of underlying brain activity. ERP data is complex due to the temporal variation that occurs in the time domain. It is actually a type of electroencephalography (EEG) signal that is time-locked to a specific event or behavior. To remove artifacts from the data, this work utilizes Independent component analysis, finite impulse response filter, and fast Fourier transformation as preprocessing techniques. The bidirectional long short-term memory network is utilized to retain the spatial relationships between the ERP data while learning changes in temporal information for a long time. This network performed well both in modeling and information extraction from the signals. To validate the model performance, the proposed framework is tested on two benchmark datasets. The proposed framework achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy of 96.03% on the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset dataset and 97.31% on the Chung–Ang University Hospital EEG dataset for the classification tasks.

Mindfulness and creative process engagement: the mediating role of workplace relational systems

PurposeDespite widespread recognition of the importance of mindfulness in organizational science literature, little is known about how mindfulness motivates individuals to configure information processing and team member exchange relationships to increase creative process engagement. Drawing on motivated information processing theory, this study conceptualizes and empirically examines whether and how mindfulness motivates individuals toward creative process engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data through an online survey from 311 respondents working in the Research and Development (R&D) departments of organizations in multiple industries in Pakistan. For analytical purposes, the authors have applied the structural equation modeling technique.FindingsThis study advances a different view of individual mindfulness on the creative process engagement in the following ways. First, mindfulness enables individuals to self-regulate in specific situations and become effective in fostering creative process engagement. Second, this study extends research on relational information processing by linking it to mindfulness and creative process engagement. Relational information processing partially mediates the relationship between mindfulness and creative process engagement. Third, this study highlights that mindfulness motivates individuals to focus more on developing quality working relationships, but they seem less willing to participate in idea generation and problem-solving solutions.Originality/valueThe study findings provide implications for research on mindfulness, creativity and motivated information processing to enhance individuals’ creative process engagements. The authors also discuss the implications for executives on the relational and creative benefits of mindfulness.

Disobeying the Leader: Creative Deviance as a Mechanism Between Psychological Ownership and Social Undermining

Many innovative products are attributable to employees disobeying the mandate of their supervisors to stop working on a creative idea, that is, creative deviance. Surprisingly, there has been a dearth of empirical research on this important construct, and the possible negative social outcomes of creative deviance remain unexplored. This research integrates psychological ownership theory and motivated information processing theory to theoretically delineate psychological ownership as an antecedent of creative deviance. We further explore social undermining as a negative outcome of creative deviance and investigate the leader–member exchange (LMX) as a boundary condition of the association between creative deviance and social undermining. In a series of three studies, we validate an existing scale for creative deviance, and utilize multiple methods to test our full moderated-mediation model. Findings suggest that creative deviance partially mediates the relationship between psychological ownership and experienced social undermining and LMX attenuates the relationship between creative deviance and experienced social undermining. Our research has important theoretical and practical implications as it explores the darker sides of creative deviance.

Focus on yourself: The impact of users' self-focus orientation on NPD ideas' attention allocation in online innovation communities

When users write up and post their new product development (NPD) ideas online, they differ in their self-focus orientation—meaning the extent to which they choose to focus on themselves in their posts, such as whether they include personal pronouns like “I” and “me.” However, the impact of this linguistic style choice on the attention allocated by company employees to users' NPD ideas is unknown. This study examines the role of users' self-focus orientation in shaping the NPD ideas' attention allocation of company employees in the context of online innovation communities. Drawing upon motivated information processing theory, we develop a theoretical model positing that online users' self-focus orientation influences the NPD ideas' attention allocation of company employees and that the effect of users' self-focus orientation on NPD ideas' attention allocation is contingent on various online community characteristics, including online community crowdedness and online community interaction. Analyzing 647,224 NPD ideas collected from one online innovation community, we show that users' self-focus orientation has a positive effect on NPD ideas' attention allocation. We also find that the positive effect of users' self-focus orientation on NPD ideas' attention allocation is made weaker when community crowdedness is high and that it is made stronger when community interaction is high. These results reveal two important underlying, context-specific boundary conditions. The study also challenges the predominant view in the social psychology literature regarding the negative impact of self-focus. Overall, this research sheds new light on how and when users' self-focus orientation in online innovation communities affects employees' attention allocation to NPD ideas beyond the impact of the actual content of the posted ideas. Additionally, we discuss how users can attract the attention of company employees so that the employees will focus on their NPD ideas, and we offer suggestions to community managers to realize the full potential of their online innovation communities.

Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation over hMT+ inhibits visual motion discriminability

Visuomotor performance acting on a moving target is fundamentally based on visual motion discriminability, and its neural basis is presumed to be human MT (hMT+), a motion vision center of the dorsal visual pathway. In this study, we investigated whether and how the accuracy and speed of motion discrimination are affected by applying transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) to hMT+, which reduces cortical excitability. Sixteen participants performed a motion direction discrimination (MDD) task using a random dot kinematogram before (Pre-test) and during (During-test) application of the tSMS over left hMT+. The correct rate of the MDD task was significantly lower in the During-test compared to the Pre-test, an effect not seen with the sham condition. The inhibition effects were observed only for the right visual field corresponding to hMT+ in the stimulated hemisphere. On the other hand, no modulatory effect of tSMS was observed in the reaction time. We, therefore, demonstrated the inhibitory effect of tSMS on the left hMT+ impairs the accuracy but not the speed of motion information processing in the contralateral visual field.

In Tribute: Reflections on the Impact of Professor Michael Turvey on Motor Development

In our tribute to Professor Michael Turvey, we have two parallel goals: 1) to highlight the scientific scope of Turvey’s impact on motor development; and, 2) to expose readers to papers that they may not have read but that might cast new light on age-old questions they confront in their current research on motor development. The paper is divided into two equal time periods. In Part 1, from 1975 to 1999, we trace the emergence and growth of Dynamic Systems/Ecological Realism (perception-action) paradigms. We explain how the existing paradigms in motor development research, the descriptive and information processing paradigms were, in part, replaced by new paradigms whose existence owes much to Michael Turvey and his colleagues. We suggest that this time period was one where Turvey had the most conceptual influence on the field. In Part 2, from 2000 to 2024, we describe how factors, including the emergence of two new paradigms in motor development research may have reduced Turvey’s direct influence. But we also note that there is still much research undertaken that builds off the bases of Dynamic Systems and Perception-Action Coupling approaches including research by Turvey and his students/colleagues. We end with the suggestion that the present generation of motor development researchers may have something to gain by re-/reading research from these perspectives regardless of whether it is directly from Professor Turvey’s pen or from those whom he influenced (or influenced him).

Perspective taking and public acceptance of nuclear energy: Mediation of trust in government and moderation of cultural values

Given the increasing severity of global climate change, many countries such as China adopt nuclear energy as a priority strategy in energy policy because of its advantages of low carbon emissions and high electricity generation efficiency. However, public acceptance of nuclear energy (PANE) is a key factor that the government should to consider in making nuclear energy policy. Hence, understanding how to improve PANE is important. Based on the motivated information processing theory, this study explored the influence of perspective taking (PT) on PANE via competence-based and integrity-based trust in government, along with the moderating effects of power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The findings, based on 1,052 valid Chinese samples collected by an online questionnaire survey, indicated that PT was positively related to PANE. Competence-based and integrity-based trust in government mediated the effect of PT on PANE. Moreover, the results demonstrated power distance strengthens whereas uncertainty avoidance weakens the positive effect of PT on competence-based and integrity-based trust in government. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for understanding the formation of PANE from perspective of public motivational factor related to information processing (i.e., PT), trust in government, and culture values.

Suspicion, inclusive leadership and team innovation: A motivated information processing approach

Suspicion has been linked to significant effects at work, yet its influence on teams remains largely unexplored. This gap in the literature is particularly surprising as initial evidence suggests that suspicion has the potential to engender both positive and negative behaviors. We draw on the motivated information processing theory of groups (MIP-G) to develop a model of suspicion’s effect on team innovation through the mediating role of minority dissent. Further, in recognition of the potential dysfunctional role of suspicion and dissent, we explore an important moderator of this mediated path: inclusive leadership. Survey results from a field study of healthcare teams lend support to our moderated mediation model. These results provide a valuable contribution to MIP-G, our understanding of the role of suspicion and inclusive leadership in team information-processing and innovation, and provide advice to HR managers on relevant leadership strategies.

Neuromorphological bases of sensorimotor reactions

Sensory motor activity is a typical form of purposeful human functioning that plays a significant role in the work of power structures. Its research is widespread in all spheres of military medicine. The aim of the study is to systematize the components and principles of organization of structural and functional elements of the central nervous system providing sensorimotor reactions based on the literature data. We obtained results on the combination of the somatotopic arrangement and the hierarchical principle of organization of sensorimotor circuits, according to which three levels are distinguished - medullary, subcortical and cortical. Sensory signals are converted into explicit motor signals as early as possible, and are subsequently subjected to modulating influences from memory, attention, and other neurophysiological processes at each of the above levels. Thus, sensory and motor information processing should not be regarded as the result of isolated neural circuits, but as extensive and closely interconnected networks covering the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, in unity with other neurophysiological phenomena, such as memory and attention. The neuromorphological basis for the organization of sensorimotor reactions should be considered when developing a set of measures for professional selection, training, pharmacological correction of combat conditions and treatment of posttraumatic syndrome in employees of power structures.

Houston We Have a Problem: How Debriefing Method Impacts Open Communication and the Depth of Team Reflexivity

Team debriefings are structured interventions in which teams reflect on their past performance, adapt, and plan for future events. Results from meta-analyses indicate that team debriefings are effective in improving task performance (Keiser & Arthur, Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(7), 1007–1032, 2021, Journal of Business and Psychology, 37(5), 953–976, 2022; Tannenbaum & Cerasoli, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 55(1), 231–245, 2013). Although far less often studied, there is also some evidence to suggest that team debriefings (compared to no debriefings) can be used to develop norms for open communication (Jarrett et al., Human Performance, 29(5), 408-427, 2016; Villado & Arthur, Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(3), 514-528, 2013). However, there is currently a dearth of quantitative evidence to guide practitioners in selecting from the myriad methods available to achieve this purpose. Grounded in theory and research on episodic models of team performance (Marks et al., Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 356-376, 2001) and the Motivated Information Processing in Groups model (MIP-G) (De Dreu et al., Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 22–49, 2008), we conducted a quasi-experiment which compared two debriefing methods. The first, a chronological debriefing, emphasizes outcome accountability and makes competitive interdependence salient, whereas the second method, Team Dimensional Training (TDT), emphasizes process accountability and makes cooperative interdependence salient. Data from 76 flight controllers at Johnson Space Center indicated that the communication climate in TDT debriefings was perceived to be more open than was the climate in chronological debriefings. Analyses of coded transcripts from 69 debriefings revealed that teams engaged in deeper reflexivity when the TDT method was used than they did when the chronological method was used.

Conceptualizing Mood Influences on Information Processing in Groups via Dominant Cognitive Processing Strategies

This conceptual integration addresses how positive and negative mood states influence information processing in groups. In addition to the impact of mood on attention and arousal, the review develops the notion of dominant cognitive processing strategies that mediate the influence of positive and negative moods on information processing in groups. Positive moods are proposed to reinforce dominant cognitive processing strategies while negative moods inhibit or revise such dominant cognitive processing strategies. Principles derived from several mood-cognition models are applied to group information processes related to attention, encoding, storage, retrieval, processing objectives, response, and feedback. The impacts of mood states are discussed in relation to group themes of convergence-divergence, commonality-uniqueness, and accentuation-attenuation of cognitive processes. The analysis leads to new implications for small group topics such as metacognition, group learning, motivated information processing in groups, communication, mood dynamics, and mood composition. The principles described can inspire numerous directions for future research.

조직원의 주도성과 선제행동의 관계에 관한 연구: Motivated Information Processing Model 관점에서 본 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과

조직원의 주도성과 선제행동의 관계에 관한 연구: Motivated Information Processing Model 관점에서 본 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과

The nexus between servant leadership and employee's creative deviance for creativity inside learning and performance goal-oriented organizations

PurposeThis study, based on motivated information processing theory and theories of leadership (contingency and functional), investigates how servant leadership (SL) could be an effective leadership style for employee creative deviance engagement (CDE) to foster radical (RC) and incremental creativity (IC) in two different goal-oriented organizations: learning (LGO) and performance (PGO) goal-oriented organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed descriptive and comparative approaches and surveyed two sources (leaders and team members). Using multi-source data involving 486 LGO-based and 498 PGO-based employee–supervisor dyads from 104 LGO-based and 104 PGO-based high-tech firms in China, the authors distinguish comparative support for assumed hypotheses by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique for the indirect effects and Mplus for multilevel path analysis.FindingsThe study outcomes found that SL transmits the effects of employee CDE directly and nurtures RC and IC indirectly. It identified that an organization's LGO strengthens the direct and indirect relationships between SL and creativity via employee's CDE when the organization's LGO is high. However, an organization's PGO strengthens the direct relationship when it's low and strengthens the indirect link between SL and IC when it's high. In addition, the organization's PGO demonstrated an insignificant effect on the indirect relationship between SL and RC.Originality/valueThis study is the first to verify SL as the specific leadership style for responding employee's CDE and identify its distinctive effects on RC and IC. Additionally, there has been no effort to associate SL with employee's CDE for nurturing distinctive types of creativity under the different organizational dispositions (LGO and PGO).

Do They Mind the Gap? The Role of Founders in Organizational Pay Dispersion

This study adds to the emergent stream of work examining the micro-level antecedents of pay dispersion by focusing on how business founders’ personal characteristics influence pay dispersion in their organizations. We leverage stakeholder theory and the motivated information processing perspective to predict pathways between founders’ self- versus other-oriented motivations, their perceptions of employee and shareholder salience, and pay dispersion in their organizations. We test our hypotheses on data from a two-wave survey of founders. We find that a high level of motivation to benefit others on the part of a founder reduces the salience of shareholder concerns in decision-making, which in turn reduces pay dispersion. In contrast, a high level of motivation to benefit oneself heightens the salience of shareholder concerns in decision-making, increasing pay dispersion. Our results inform the debate on pay dispersion by elucidating the role played by founders’ self- versus other-oriented motivations and stakeholder salience perceptions.

Unlocking politicians’ potential: what fosters purposeful use of performance information in support of voice?

ABSTRACT Pivotal for decision making quality in representative governing boards of local authorities is that performance information is used in a purposeful way by its members to challenge the status quo and express constructive changes in support of collective learning (i.e., voice). However, despite the presumed importance of purposeful use of performance information and voice, empirical insights on the relationship between both constructs as well as the motivational mechanisms fostering voice are limited. To address this omission, we build on motivated information processing theory and develop a model that includes a person-based and situation-based pathway. Data from 520 politicians populating the representative governing boards of 242 local authorities in Belgium are used to test the developed model. Results indicate that the studied drivers help explain the detected variance in purposeful use of performance information and voice, but that the role of individual antecedents like public service motivation and open-mindedness is predominant.

Epistemic motivation facilitates advice seeking and utilization by groups

AbstractDrawing on a motivated information processing model, we tested the hypothesis that groups' receptivity to outside advice is facilitated by their epistemic motivation—the desire to gain an accurate understanding of the world. Epistemic motivation was measured by proxy in Study 1 using a team task reflexivity measure, and was experimentally manipulated in Studies 2 and 3 by varying, respectively, either the amount of time allotted to complete the task or whether a consensus judgment was required before receiving advice. Receptivity to advice was operationalized as group advice seeking in Studies 1 and 2, and as advice utilization in Study 3. In support of our hypothesis, groups with higher levels of epistemic motivation consistently sought out and utilized advice more than those with lower levels of epistemic motivation. Moreover, epistemic motivation affected judgment accuracy via groups' receptivity to advice.

Developmental trajectories of thalamic progenitors revealed by single-cell transcriptome profiling and Shh perturbation.

The thalamus is the principal information hub of the vertebrate brain, with essential roles in sensory and motor information processing, attention, and memory. The complex array of thalamic nuclei develops from a restricted pool of neural progenitors. We apply longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing and regional abrogation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to map the developmental trajectories of thalamic progenitors, intermediate progenitors, and post-mitotic neurons as they coalesce into distinct thalamic nuclei. These data reveal that the complex architecture of the thalamus is established early during embryonic brain development through the coordinated action of four cell differentiation lineages derived from Shh-dependent and -independent progenitors. We systematically characterize the gene expression programs that define these thalamic lineages across time and demonstrate how their disruption upon Shh depletion causes pronounced locomotor impairment resembling infantile Parkinson's disease. These results reveal key principles of thalamic development and provide mechanistic insights into neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from thalamic dysfunction.

The role of thalamic group II mGlu receptors in health and disease.

The thalamus plays a pivotal role in the integration and processing of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. It is therefore important to understand how the thalamus operates in states of both health and disease. In the present review, we discuss the function of the Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors within thalamic circuitry, and how they may represent therapeutic targets in treating disease states associated with thalamic dysfunction.

Competing within and beyond the boundary: Joint effect of intergroup and intragroup competitions on group creativity

Group creativity is affected by both intergroup competition and intragroup competition, but few studies have examined their joint effect. Based on the Motivated Information Processing in Groups (MIP-G) model, the current study aims to explore such joint effects on group idea generation and idea selection. Both intergroup competition (high vs. low) and intragroup competition (competition vs. cooperation) were experimentally manipulated, and 66 three-person groups were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions to perform a brainstorming task. Consistent with our hypotheses, results showed that two types of competitions interacted to determine group idea generation in that groups under the high intergroup competition and intragroup cooperation condition were most creative in terms of fluency and flexibility. Regardless of the level of intergroup competition, groups demonstrated a higher level of idea elaboration under intragroup cooperation but not competition conditions. Moreover, intergroup and intragroup competitions complemented each other in terms of originality in idea generation and idea selection. Specifically, groups under intragroup competition (rather than intragroup cooperation) condition generated and selected ideas of higher originality when the intergroup competition was low; instead, when the intergroup competition was high, the originality of generated or selected ideas was higher for groups under intragroup cooperation condition. We concluded with a discussion of the implications and value of these findings for theoretical research and management practice in organizations.

"Descriptive Risk-Averse Bayesian Decision-Making," a Model for Complex Biological Motion Perception in the Human Dorsal Pathway.

Biological motion perception is integral not only to survival but also to the social life of human beings. Identifying the underlying mechanisms and their associated neurobiological substrates has been a matter of investigation and debate for some time. Although, in general, it is believed that the integration of local motion and dynamic form cues in the brain empowers the visual system to perceive/recognize biological motion stimuli, some recent studies have indicated the importance of dynamic form cues in such a process. Inspired by the previous neurophysiologically plausible biological motion perception models, a new descriptive risk-averse Bayesian simulation model, capable of discerning a ball's direction from a set of complex biological motion soccer kick stimuli, is proposed. The model represents only the dorsal pathway as a motion information processing section of the visual system according to the two-stream theory. The stimuli used have been obtained from a previous psychophysical study on athletes in our lab. Furthermore, the acquired psychophysical data from that study have been used to re-enact human behavior using our simulation model. By adjusting the model parameters, the psychometric function of athlete subjects has been mimicked. A correlation analysis between human and simulation data shows a significant and robust correlation between angular thresholds and slopes of the psychometric functions of both groups. Although it is established that the visual system optimally integrates all available information in the decision-making process, the results conform to the speculations favoring motion cue importance over dynamic form by testing the limits in which biological motion perception only depends on motion information processing.