Heterogeneous Information Processing Research Articles

Justification Models of Organizational and Technical Support of Measures to Create Information Protection System of Informatization Objects

The relevance of the article is due to the need to protect information at all stages of creating an information system in the absence of appropriate organizational and technical support. To justify this kind of provision, mathematical models are needed that take into account the conditions and the random nature of the implementation of heterogeneous information processing processes in time at each stage, threats to its security and protection from these threats. The article discusses approaches to the development of such models based on the apparatus of flow theory and the theory of composite Petri ‒Markov networks, the possibilities of which for modeling the processes under study have not been previously considered. The purpose of the article. To reveal the content of issues related to the justification of organizational and technical support for information protection at the stages of creating an information system, to show the need and ways to quantify threats to its security and protection from these threats. For this purpose, the methods of functional and structural analysis, probability theory and flow theory were applied. In the course of solving the scientific problem, the relevance of substantiating the organizational and technical support of information protection at the stages of creating information systems is shown, descriptive models of its processing processes are developed, time diagrams of threat scenarios are given in the absence of protection measures and in the conditions of using preventive organizational and technical measures, indicators and analytical ratios for their calculation are proposed. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the fact that for the first time it examines the issues of organizational and technical support for information protection at the stages of creating an information system, examines the theoretical aspects of quantifying threats to its security and protection from these threats based on flow theory and prospects for applying the theory of composite Petri-Markov networks. Significance (theoretical). The conditions for the implementation of the studied processes and the possibility of applying the theory of flows and the apparatus of composite Petri–Markov networks for their modeling are established. Significance (practical). The results obtained in the work can be used to justify the organizational and technical provision of information protection at the stages of creating information systems of various organizations (both state and non-state), for which the implementation of threats at these stages may lead to damage to their activities.

Algorithm for processing weakly formalized information

An algorithm for processing weakly formalized information is proposed, which is based on the methods of processing and storing information that are used in living organisms. In particular, the compactness of storage and processing of heterogeneous information according to a single algorithm, the generation of new information based on the comparison of recently received and processed information in a certain way with previously received and processed information, consideration of priorities in the processing and use of information, consideration of recurring patterns in the incoming information, based on which develops a stereotype of animal behavior. This approach makes it possible to efficiently store weakly formalized information, i.e. store not all incoming information, but only the results of its special processing, And also effectively process a large volume of incoming weakly formalized information (by taking into account priorities), identify recurring patterns in the flow of incoming information, effectively generate new knowledge, (analyze stored in memory, the results of special processing of weakly formalized information).

On the application of shallow geophysical technologies for applied research in Kuzbass

The relevance application of shallow geophysical technologies has been established for applied research in Kuzbass. The main problem is formulated hindering its development. One of the main components of this problem is the lack of physical-geological models that provide heterogeneous information processing, allowing us to reliably determine the quantitative characteristics of the rock conditions. Traditional technologies of applied research are focused on discrete measurements (point) formed by a widely spaced grid of exploration lines, which make it difficult to build digital models of the rock conditions, which does not provide reliability and accuracy in determining their quantitative parameters. This approach is characterized by significant time and financial costs. The complexation of geophysical methods in Kuzbass in practice often depends on the availability of an instrument base. The work purpose is to study the application of shallow geophysical technologies for applied research in Kuzbass. The research object is the application of shallow geophysical technologies, and the subject is their features for applied research in Kuzbass. The research provides a generalization of practical experience in creating physical-geological models. The practical use is to improve the technology for collecting and interpreting geophysical information.

A new system for automatic analysis and quality adjustment in audiovisual subtitled‐based contents by means of genetic algorithms

AbstractIn Spain, the subtitling service on television for the deaf has been improving in quantity since the General Law on Audiovisual Communication was enacted in 2010. This law establishes a series of quality standards that must be followed in the subtitling process. One of the most relevant aspects of subtitle quality is the speed at which they are shown on the screen, due to the fact that a too high speed (less time on screen) will make them difficult to read and the information hard to understand. In order to determine whether the speed at which the subtitles are being shown is adequate, first, it is necessary to process all the information associated with the broadcast of the digital TV channels including data from different sources. In this research, the authors have worked with the data obtained within the time period between July 2012 and December 2017, that is, with more than 950 million records. This article presents a framework for integration and processing of heterogeneous information associated with the subtitling of audiovisual content from different sources. Moreover, the framework will provide an automatic adjustment of subtitles in broadcasting regarding quality indicators by means of a genetic algorithm approach. The results show that the system is able to estimate the best relationship between the time and size of the subtitles and maintaining the quality levels established for this research. These results have been validated by experts and users of this domain.

МІЖНАРОДНЕ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО В ГАЛУЗІ ТУРИЗМУ МІЖ УКРАЇНОЮ ТА НОВОЮ ЗЕЛАНДІЄЮ

Aim. A detailed study of the state of international cooperation between Ukraine and New Zealand, an analysis of the tourist offer of the represented and tourist market of the countries and the development of recommendations for the development of tourism between countries. Methodology. The study is to analyze and systematize information on the development of international tourism cooperation between Ukraine and New Zealand. The methodology is based on the use of modern methods for the search and processing of heterogeneous information, its analysis, synthesis and generalization. Results. Reviewed the problems of international cooperation in the field of tourism between Ukraine and New Zealand, the role and importance of cooperation between state (government) institutions, various public organizations and non-profit structures that promote the development of tourist exchanges between countries. The main forms, goals and means of international cooperation are explored, bilateral relations are revealed in the field, which facilitate prompt solution of many issues of tourism development between countries. The analysis of tourist offer in the tourism market of both countries is carried out. Scientific novelty. Based on the information gathered on the factors contributing to and hindering the development of tourism between Ukraine and New Zealand and the analysis of the tourism market, practical recommendations were given for improving the interaction of these countries in the field of tourism. The practical significance lies of the study is the possibility of implementing the results obtained in the development of regional strategies and programs for tourism development between the two countries.

Indicators of Similarity and Dissimilarity of Multi-Attribute Objects in the Metric Spaces of Sets and Multisets

The concepts of the similarity and dissimilarity (difference) of analyzed objects play an important role in many theoretical and practical problems of decision making, artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, processing of heterogeneous information, etc. The similarity or dissimilarity of objects is usually estimated by their proximity in the attribute space. This paper considers new classes of metric spaces of finite, bounded, and measurable sets and multisets. The possibilities are shown for using new types of metrics to evaluate the similarity or dissimilarity of multi-attribute objects that are present in several instances with differing values of attributes and are represented by multisets of attributes.

Prospects for the Intellectualization of State-of-the-Art Aviation Systems

This article, based on a paper heard at a meeting of the RAS Presidium, analyzes the main problems of and trends in the intellectualization of state-of-the-art aviation complexes. The obtaining and intelligent processing of heterogeneous information, intelligent management, and aircraft “self-sensing,” as well as intelligent interaction within the pilot–aircraft contour, are highlighted as key functional objectives for the foreseeable future. The primary focus is made on the intelligent processing of measuring and video information, including the automatic mutual referencing and uniting of measuring and geospatial information into a visual complex; continuous provision of an accurate, authentic, and holistic image of the surroundings to the crew, regardless of weather and time conditions; recognition and prediction of dangerous combinations of factors considering the flight path; assessment of the crew’s psychophysiological condition; changes in the external environment and technical condition of the aircraft; and recommendations for the crew to escape or prevent abnormal situations.

The Development of Ontology from Multiple Databases

The area of halal industry is the fastest growing global business across the world. The halal food industry is thus crucial for Muslims all over the world as it serves to ensure them that the food items they consume daily are syariah compliant. Currently, ontology has been widely used in computer sciences area such as web on the heterogeneous information processing, semantic web, and information retrieval. However, ontology has still not been used widely in the halal industry. Today, Muslim community still have problem to verify halal status for products in the market especially foods consisting of E number. This research tried to solve problem in validating the halal status from various halal sources. There are various chemical ontology from multilple databases found to help this ontology development. The E numbers in this chemical ontology are codes for chemicals that can be used as food additives. With this E numbers ontology, Muslim community could identify and verify the halal status effectively for halal products in the market.

Perceptual control architecture for cyber–physical systems in traffic incident management

Based on Perceptual Control Theory, we study the problem of unified modeling for incompatible approaches of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). Inspired by the effective organization of living systems structure accommodating heterogeneous information processing and environmental interaction, we propose Perceptual Control Architecture of CPSs, and take Traffic Incident Management systems as the modeling research carrier. Throughout the structure of Traffic Incident Management systems, the hierarchical negative feedback is constituted by perceptual and behavioral loops to ensure a mechanism of intelligence behavior. The internal representation is categorized into two intelligent spaces: physical-reflex space and cyber-virtual space. In physical-reflex space, the sensing-actuation mapping of objective world is built, through four levels of distributed traffic infrastructure. In cyber-virtual space, subjective decision using Bayesian reasoning network is defined by three levels: principles, interrelated factors and situation assessment. Through evaluation of field operation in Dalian, the Traffic Incident Management under the developed architecture shows a considerable reduction in response time as well as assessment inaccuracy. The test results explicated the effectiveness of the architecture on integrating complex Cyber-Physical functions. Besides transportation systems, the modeling approach could be a well-defined unified architecture applied to other CPSs.

The Price Is Right: Updating Inflation Expectations in a Randomized Price Information Experiment

Abstract Using a unique, randomized information experiment embedded in a survey, this paper investigates how consumers’ inflation expectations respond to new information. We find that respondents, on average, update their expectations in response to (certain types of) information, and do so sensibly, in a manner consistent with Bayesian updating. As a result of information provision, the distribution of inflation expectations converges toward its center and cross-sectional disagreement declines. We document heterogeneous information processing by gender and present suggestive evidence of respondents forecasting under asymmetric loss. Our results provide support for expectation-formation models in which agents form expectations rationally but face information constraints.

Allowing for heterogeneous decision rules in discrete choice models: an approach and four case studies

The study of respondent heterogeneity is one of the main areas of research in the field of choice modelling. The general emphasis is on variations across respondents in relative taste parameters while maintaining the assumption of homogeneous utility maximising decision rules. While recent work has allowed for differences in the utility specification across respondents in the context of looking at heterogeneous information processing strategies, the underlying assumption that all respondents employ the same choice paradigm remains. This is despite evidence in the literature that different paradigms work differently well on given datasets. In this article, we argue that such differences may in fact extend to respondents within a single dataset. We accommodate these differences in a latent class model, where individual classes make use of different underlying paradigms. We present four applications using three different datasets, showing mixtures between “standard” random utility maximisation models and lexicography based models, models with multiple reference points, elimination by aspects models and random regret minimisation models. In each of the case studies, the behavioural mixing model obtains significant gains in fit over the base structure where all respondents are hypothesised to use the same rule. The findings offer important further insights into the behavioural patterns of respondents. There is also evidence that what is retrieved as taste heterogeneity in standard models may in fact be heterogeneity in decision rules.

Towards a Theory of Organizational Information Services

The use of information technology (IT) in organizations has undergone dramatic changes during the past 30 years. As a result, it has become increasingly common to adopt services rather than traditional systems perspective to more accurately capture contemporary practices. There is, however, a lack of theories that can help us understand, assess, and design information services in organizational contexts. On this backdrop, we combine general notions of information processing options and requirements to outline a contingency theory of organizational use of information services. The theory suggests that information services are configurations of heterogeneous information processing capabilities; these services are evoked by organizational actors to help execute tasks, and evoking different configurations may lead to equally satisfactory outcomes. The theory distinguishes between four types of services computational, adaptive, networking, and collaborative services, and it suggests that organizational actors need portfolios of information services that are suited to the equivocality and uncertainty profile of the information processing they face. The paper defines four types of services and how they relate to information processing requirements; it applies the theory to a study of information services in response to vehicle policing; and it outlines how the theory relates to standardization and unintended consequences of information services. We conclude by discussing the theory and its implications for research and practice.