Process Of Posttraumatic Growth Research Articles

Post-Traumatic Growth pada Wanita Dewasa Madya Pasca Mastektomi

This study aims to determine the factors and processes of post-traumatic growth in post-mastectomy middle-aged women. Post-traumatic growth is a person's psychological change towards a positive direction that indicates a person has gone through a struggle through a trauma in his life that is challenging and psychologically stressful. The method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. The technique used to collect data in this research is In-Depth Interview and analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. The results found in this study have main themes, namely factors and processes related to post-traumatic growth. The factors that make informants able to achieve post-traumatic growth are social support from family and environment, spirituality, and optimism. The process that informants go through in achieving post-traumatic growth is through the stages of rumination style, distress management, emotional disclosure, coping strategies and social support to achieve post-traumatic growth.

Anya’s Posttraumatic Growth Over Her Loss Trauma as Reflected in Natassa’s Critical Eleven

It has been commonly assumed that trauma only lead to a negative impact on its survivors. However, on another hand, trauma can bring positive changes. This situation is commonly said as post-traumatic growth (PTG). The PTG process takes a quite long time and each survivor has different capabilities and processes to achieve it. Anya, the main character in the novel of Critical Eleven, experiences the trauma of loss after her first baby dies. Since her baby left, Anya has been in a dark period. This research aims to determine the type of loss trauma experienced by Anya. As a trauma survivor, Anya's post-traumatic growth was also explained in this research. Two theories were utilized in this research. Freud's theory of mourning and melancholia was used to analyze the type of loss trauma that Anya experienced. Meanwhile, the post-traumatic growth theory (PTG) proposed by Tedeschi and Calhoun was used to determine Anya's post-traumatic growth domain. The primary data for this research were taken from the novel of Critical Eleven written by Ika Natassa. In addition, research related to traumatic loss and post-traumatic growth was used as supporting data. The research results show that the trauma of loss experienced by Anya is grief or mourning. Furthermore, the PTG domains found in Anya's personality reflected personal strength, inter-personal relationships, and spiritual change. In addition, this research also found that not all trauma survivors can achieve the five domains of post-traumatic growth due to the respective capabilities and life processes of each survivor.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AND ASPECTS OF POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER

One in eight people receive a diagnosis of breast cancer, making it one of the most frequent malignancies. Post-traumatic growth (PTG), which is defined by positive changes in functioning in a variety of life dimensions, is often brought on by this traumatic event. The research that has previously been done on PTG and breast cancer is critically examined in this work. After a thorough search using reliable resources, 25–30 articles were found six of them were chosen based on predetermined standards.The results showcase that post-traumatic growth in the areas of greater appreciation for life and better relationships is common among breast cancer survivors. There are multiple factors involved in this occurrence. Though extreme sequelae may have the opposite effect on PTG, perceived emotional intensityand mild sequelae all positively influence PTG. Coping mechanisms, especially those that are adaptive, are proven essential to PTG.The PTG process is aided by social resources like contact with PTG models (cancer survivors), support from ones spouse and co-workers, and quality of marital support.In PTG, demographic considerations also come into play.There is a positive correlation between higher PTG and younger age, lower education level, and lack of college degree. However, the analysis resulted in mixed results over the association between time since diagnosis and PTG, which calls for additional qualitative study in the area. Given the limitations of self-report measures, the subjectivity of researcher interpretations, and the emphasis on a Western population, care must be taken when interpreting these results. However, our analysis provides significant insights for clinicians and researchers and underscores the potential for promoting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients and survivors.

The Looming Cancer: A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Living with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) before the Initiation of Treatment

Purpose. This study aimed to study the challenges and ways of coping with living with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) before the initiation of treatment. Methods. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 8 people living with CLL (4 males and 4 females) who had never received any treatment. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized for the analysis of the data. Results. The following three themes were developed: (1) “Still waters run deep” highlights the contrast between living with minimal symptoms while experiencing high anxiety for the future, (2) “Surviving uncertainty” portrays participants’ supportive networks, communication challenges, and internal coping mechanisms to face the threatening overtones of CLL, and (3) “Turning over a new leaf” delineates participants’ realization of life’s finiteness and the way this acts as a nudge for psychological growth. Conclusion. Despite the limited physical discomfort, the CLL diagnosis and the watch-and-wait phase bring about psychological distress, which drives meaning-making efforts and an array of coping mechanisms, potentially leading to posttraumatic growth processes for people living with CLL.

N12 The Experience of Post-traumatic Growth Process in Newly Diagnosed Chinese Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

Abstract Background The impact of Crohn’s disease (CD) is not purely negative, it may become an opportunity for patients to undergo positive psychological adjustments and achieve personal growth. To date there has been limited in-depth research to understand the patients’ experiences of post-traumatic growth (PTG) process following an CD diagnosis using a qualitative study with a longitudinal perspective. Methods A longitudinal qualitative design was adopted. Sixteen newly diagnosed Chinese patients with CD were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on three occasions: 3, 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Data were collected between November 2021 and December 2022. Data analysis of each time point was based on conventional content analysis. Afterwards, all data were combined for a comprehensive re-analysis to capture change. Results Four themes and fifteen sub-themes were formed through analysis (table 1). The process of PTG was shown in Figure 1. Within the first year post-diagnosis, patients with CD experienced considerable physical discomforts and psychological distress. Their personal development was also limited. With increased disease knowledge, and driven by a strong sense of responsibility and external support, the patients’ disease acceptance transformed from "difficult to accept" to "have to accept" to "should accept" then to "be able to accept". Living with CD, they actively engaged in monitoring disease condition, cooperating with treatment, exploring patterns of flare-ups, relieving stress and focusing on problem solving to eliminate negative emotions, and regaining hope and positively planning for future. Over time, the impact of CD on the patients’ lives became smaller, they integrated their disease as a part of themselves, and achieved personal growth. This growth was manifested by "developing closer relationships with others", "increasing personal strength", "changing in life philosophy" and "emerging new possibilities". Overall, as disease duration increased, the disease related sufferings diminished, and CD patients’ disease acceptance improved. In addition, as time goes by, the patients’ ability to self-manage disease enhanced, and their experience of personal growth increased. Conclusion The process of PTG in patients with CD within the first year of diagnosis primarily consists of four stages: "enduring hardships", "accepting illness", "living with illness", and "achieving personal growth". This growth was not linear, but rather cyclical. Nurses could provide targeted guidance to patients based on the trajectory identified in this study, helping them unearth inner resources and create conditions for PTG.

The Role of Social Support and Mindfulness on The Posttraumatic Growth of Young Adults Surviving Childhood Maltreatment

Recent research has found that negative experiences due to childhood maltreatment do not always persist; survivors can experience positive growth, which is called posttraumatic growth (PTG). Two of the protective factors that encourage PTG are social support and mindfulness. Social support through empathy, giving new perspectives, and appreciation can help survivors deal effectively with traumatic events and lead to the PTG process. In addition, survivors who have mindfulness can also practice direct involvement with their thoughts and feelings, not judge traumatic events, and help survivors rebuild the meaning of the world. This correlational and quantitative study examined the role of social support and mindfulness in posttraumatic growth (PTG) among 114 young adult survivors of childhood maltreatment aged 20–40 years (M = 24.84, SD = 4.55). The measuring tools used in this study were the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Short Form (PTG-SF), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Tarumanagara Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (TFFMQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (CTQ-SF). Using multiple regression analysis, results showed that social support (β = 0.350 p < 0.01) and mindfulness (β = 0.336 p < 0.01) had a positive effect on PTG in young adults who survived childhood maltreatment, with the higher support and mindfulness felt by the survivors, the higher the PTG they experienced. This research shows the importance of social support and mindfulness in shaping positive changes in the lives of young adults who have survived childhood maltreatment.

Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event that further stimulated the debate on the concept of trauma. To increase knowledge about the traumatic potential of the pandemic, the main objective of this study was to identify, through a systematic literature review, the main factors associated with the adaptive outcome of post-traumatic growth caused by COVID-19. Studies were selected from the PsychInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases, and 29 articles were included at the end of the screening process. The identified factors are of different natures, including personal variables such as personality traits, coping, and cognitive strategies used to face adversity, and interpersonal variables, one of the most important of which is the level of social support. In addition, several results confirmed a relationship between post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as indices related to psychological well-being. Finally, the results are discussed by comparing them with those already present in the literature, as well as with some of the main explanatory models of post-traumatic growth. In this regard, some of the factors identified, such as maladaptive coping, avoidance symptoms, optimism, and low-stress tolerance, suggest the possibility that the process of post-traumatic growth may also be characterized by an illusory dimension.

Post-Traumatic Growth Experiences Of Bullying Victims In Students University

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) in victims of bullying is an effort to understand how individuals can grow and develop after experiencing trauma due to acts of bullying. This study aims to determine the experience of PTG in victims of physical, verbal, cyber bullying and factors that influence an individual's ability to experience PTG after experiencing bullying. This study used a phenomenological approach and data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews. Informants were determined using purposive sampling technique based on criteria relevant to the research including: university students, have experienced bullying, have experienced trauma, and achieved post-traumatic growth. The research informants selected were five students who had experienced PTG due to bullying experiences. The results showed that traumatic experiences such as bullying can trigger a process of reflection, meaning making, and emotional growth that leads to positive changes in the victim, such as a stronger, independent, and confident attitude. The study also revealed that the most supportive factors in the PTG process are friends and family. Therefore, a supportive social environment is very important for victims of bullying to achieve PTG.

Hubungan Post Traumatic Growth Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Yang Sedang Menjalani Palliative Care

Chronic disease in children requires long-term care because of the prognosis and development of the disease. Chronic illness is not an easy thing for children and parents to deal with. Children undergoing medical and nursing care are scary things, these conditions require them to adapt to new routines that are part of their lives every day. This condition can be categorized as a traumatic event, which can affect psychological changes. These psychological changes are called post traumatic growth. Changes in these conditions become one of the factors that affect the quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between post traumatic growth and the quality of life of school-age children who are undergoing palliative care. This type of quantitative research with cross sectional approach method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample size of 63 respondents. Based on the results of the Sperm- rank statistical test, a p-value of 0.013 was obtained with a positive correlation with a result of 0.312, so that it can be interpreted that there is a relationship between post traumatic growth and the quality of life of school-age children undergoing palliative care. Suggestions to parents or families are expected to always pay attention to physical and psychological conditions, as well as provide motivation and enthusiasm in undergoing palliative care so as to improve the quality of life in patients after experiencing a post traumatic growth process.

Reconstructing self from the illness: a constructivist grounded theory study of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease

BackgroundSome patients with Crohn’s disease report posttraumatic growth, which can promote reductions in anxiety and depression, and improve the patient’s quality of life. However, the process of posttraumatic growth remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to explore the social-psychological process of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease in the context of Chinese culture and construct an interpretive understanding based on the perspectives of patients.MethodsThis research adopted Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. Nineteen participants with Crohn’s disease were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling from three hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, as well as from the China Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. In-depth interviews were conducted. Data analysis was based on initial, focused and theoretical coding strategies, and methods such as constant comparison and memo writing were adopted. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research, a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups, was utilised.ResultsAn interpretive understanding of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease was constructed. The core category was “reconstructing self from the illness”, which included the following four categories: “suffering from the illness”, “accepting the illness”, “dancing with the illness” and “enriching life beyond the illness”. However, not every patient reached the last phase. Before patients enter the next stage, they might begin a new cycle by experiencing new suffering or discovering new unacceptable facts about the illness.ConclusionsThis interpretive understanding reveals a growth process centred on “reconstructing self from the illness”. These findings provide knowledge on the process of posttraumatic growth in patients with Crohn’s disease within the wider sociocultural context.

Posttraumatic Growth as a Process Beginning Before Bereavement: New Perspectives on Theory Development.

Calhoun and Tedeschi's growth model focuses on cognitive processing after bereavement but it does not show the change in life narrative from beforehand. Our qualitative study aimed to clarify bereaved family growth and revealed new perspectives on posttraumatic growth (PTG), including that the PTG process involves a pre-bereavement experience and is not limited to positive psychological changes.Based on the two new perspectives, a discussion of PTG theory reveals that bereaved families' PTG can only be accurately captured if the pre-loss experience is included; thus, Calhoun and Tedeschi's growth model, which only captures the post-loss process, is insufficient. Additionally, positive psychological changes are not the only type of growth. When considering growth, one must focus on the process, including the experience of the person realizing that it is "okay to be who they are."

Finding strength in adversity: Exploring the process of posttraumatic growth among multicultural individuals.

We explore the process of posttraumatic growth for multicultural individuals after experiences of cumulative multicultural identity-relevant adversity. We conducted an exploratory sequential mixed methods study with two parts. Study 1 utilized Photovoice methodology and individual interviews (N = 27; 13 women, 14 men) with multicultural individuals living in a Midwestern college town. In Study 2, we tested the relationships between themes revealed by our qualitative analysis in Study 1 in a sample of multicultural individuals living across the U.S. (N = 526; 40.1% men, 59.9% women) using a conditional process analysis. Findings from Study 1 indicate that participants appreciated environments that valued diversity, and this helped participants positively frame their cumulative adversities. Participants also described how the struggle with these adversities fostered psychological wellbeing outcomes of personal growth and positive relations with others. Results from Study 2 indicate that appreciation of diversity mediates and positive framing moderates the relationship between discrimination and personal growth, thus supporting and building on the findings in Study 1. Together, these studies highlight the significance of including cumulative adversity in the posttraumatic growth process for multicultural individuals, while identifying appreciation of diversity and positive framing as potential postadversarial growth mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The post-traumatic growth approach to psychological trauma.

The post-traumatic growth approach to psychological trauma.

Proses Posttraumatic Growth pada Perempuan Dewasa Awal dengan Melihat Sifat Kepribadian dan Ruminasi Kedukaan

The Covid-19 pandemic and the changing circumstances that followed can disrupt grieving process and lead to maladaptive grief. Emerging adults who experience parental death are vulnerable since loss at this age tends to be unanticipated and potentially disrupt the development process. Nevertheless, a loss can produce positive changes called posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a result of the struggle facing adversity. This study examines the process of PTG by looking at personality traits and grief rumination and using a qualitative approach. Three emerging adults aged 25-26 years who experienced parental death during the pandemic were involved and selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected mainly by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results indicated that PTG is a complex process, unique to each individual, and involving substantial cognitive processing. The dynamics of personality traits and grief rumination also play a role. Positive and reinforcing personality traits, such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeableness, can help participants overcome grief and experience positive changes after loss. Meanwhile, neuroticism was found to hinder PTG. Furthermore, meaning in grief rumination plays the most prominent role to determine the process of PTG in the participants of this study. The ability to see a positive meaning from the loss helps to achieve PTG and conversely the tendency to think of the negative meaning can inhibit PTG. Thus, intervention given to emerging adults who have lost their parents should target grief rumination, especially aspect of meaning, and take into account differences in individual personality traits.

Feeling pressured to talk about trauma: How pressure to disclose alters the association between trauma disclosure and posttraumatic growth.

Talking with others about traumatic experiences (i.e., trauma disclosure) has been associated with increased posttraumatic growth (PTG). Although this association indicates the value of disclosing, there is evidence that external pressure to disclose can hinder the benefits of trauma disclosure. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of pressure to disclose on the association between trauma disclosure and PTG. People who had experienced a traumatic event and disclosed their trauma to a close other were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 208). Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, trauma disclosure, pressure to disclose, PTG, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and response to disclosure. The results indicated that the linear association between trauma disclosure and PTG was quadratically moderated by pressure to disclose, ηp 2 = .025. Pressure to disclose strengthened the positive association between trauma disclosure and PTG from low, B = 0.818 (SE = 0.267), to moderate levels of pressure, B = 2.109 (SE = 0.471). However, when pressure was high, the association between disclosure and PTG was not significant, B = -1.19 (SE = 1.327). These findings indicate that a moderate amount of pressure to disclose may facilitate the positive impact of disclosure on PTG, yet a high amount of pressure may impede the positive association between disclosure and PTG. This research furthers understanding of the nuances of trauma disclosure and how close others' involvement in disclosure can impact the process of PTG for trauma survivors.

Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6-month, three-wave longitudinal study.

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) following traumatic events is a dynamic and transformational process. However, its dynamic structure is currently unknown. The study aimed to estimate the dynamic structure of PTG at the nuance level based on PTG measurement items using network analysis. A three-wave longitudinal study was conducted from July 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022, among the victims experiencing the 2021 Henan floods. The final sample (n = 297) completed reports of PTG after 0, 3, and 6 months of the disaster. We employed the graphical vector autoregressive model approach to estimate extended network models. Contemporaneous network results revealed strong positive associations between domains of PTG in the same measurement window, especially between new possibilities and personal strength. Moreover, temporal network results-the internal interplays among PTG items across measurement windows-revealed that the domain of relating to others plays a central role in the dynamics of PTG. Although other domains predicted an increase in relating to others, relating to others inhibited the development of other domains, especially new possibilities and personal strength. Our study identifies the culture-specific process of PTG and provides empirical evidence on the explanatory models of PTG and the Janus-Face model of PTG.

Race-based trauma and post-traumatic growth through identity transformation.

Race-based trauma has been linked to multiple adverse health and mental health outcomes, including hypertension, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. While the possibility of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been investigated following other types of trauma, relatively less work has been done on PTG following race-based trauma. In this article, we present a theoretical framework integrating three areas of research: race-based trauma, PTG, and racial identity narratives. Based on the work on Black and Asian American identity and integrating theory and research on historical trauma and PTG, this framework posits that the transformation of externally imposed narratives into more authentic, internally generated ones can serve as an important influence that sparks PTG after racial trauma. Based on this framework, strategies and tools that enact the cognitive processes of PTG, including writing and storytelling, are suggested as ways to promote post-trauma growth in response to racial trauma.

'A blessing and a burden': Exploring posttraumatic growth in doctors with acquired invisible disability-An interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Qualitative studies of the relationship between acquired invisible disability (AcqID) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are scant, especially in the context of healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore in-depth accounts of the lived experience of PTG in doctors with AcqID arising from physical illness with cognitive dysfunction. Five doctors who had been diagnosed in the last decade with a physical illness with cognitive dysfunction resulting in an AcqID, and who self-reported at least one feature of PTG participated in this qualitative research study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. This study recognizedthat AcqID supported a process of PTG for participants. Three superordinate themes were apparent across the sample: identity (The human left behind), self (Acceptance of the disabled self), and rebirth (The phoenix rises from the ashes). Human connection, service as a value, and the role of the body were found to be key facilitators of PTG in these participants. This study offers new perspectives on cognitive-embodied appreciation in facilitating PTG in doctors with AcqID. While the participants perceived AcqID with cognitive dysfunction to be a trauma, they also experienced PTG, Corporeal PTG and a new considered domain, Cognitive-Embodied PTG. The unrealised potential of PTG can be harnessed if doctors with disability are viewed as assets to the medical profession, and diversity is promoted through the provision of appropriate support. Thus, there is potential to cultivate a flourishing, inclusive, and compassionate culture within medicine.

REDISCOVERING LIFE (POST TRAUMATIC GROWTH ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV)

Background: Post-traumatic growth is a life change. People living with HIV who start to adapt to the current condition have a better life and positive emotion by rediscovering happiness. Post-traumatic growth occurs due to individual thoughts regarding life purposes and reviewing their life priorities.
 Objectives: This study aimed to explore the post-traumatic growth process experienced by people living with HIV.
 Methods: This study employed the qualitative study method with a descriptive phenomenology approach on six participants with HIV at Yayasan Sehat Peduli Kasih, Semarang. The participants were selected following the inclusion criteria, i.e., 24-25-year-olds with no cognitive disorders and regular treatments. The exclusion criteria in this study were participants who could not attend the interview process, although the researchers already made recurring appointments. The interview type utilized in this study was a semi-structured interview. The data analysis model in this study followed the data analysis steps of the colaizzi method.
 Results: Four themes emerged as part of post-traumatic growth. The four identified themes in this study are 1) early stage of HIV positive, 2) post-traumatic growth process, 3) becoming a better person after rediscovering life, and 4) future wishes after rediscovering life. The acquired themes are illustrations of post-traumatic growth in rediscovering life.
 Conclusion: Most People living with HIV have rediscovered purposes and wishes, although they continue to eliminate self-stigma and transform self-image to be positive. It is necessary to develop an HIV intervention program to improve and help the sufferers encounter internal stigma. The interventions include any ECT and spiritual mindfulness that focus on improving self-confidence.

Path to posttraumatic growth: The role of centrality of event, deliberate and intrusive rumination, and self blame in women victims and survivors of intimate partner violence.

Increased interest in positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events led researchers to examine assumptions about the process of posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, existing studies often use samples from mixed trauma survivors and investigate separate factors and their associations with growth. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the path from centrality of event to PTG involving intrusive and deliberate rumination and self-blame as a coping strategy in women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). The study sample consisted of 200 women with a history of IPV (ages 18-69, M = 44.79, SD = 12.94). Results of the path analysis indicated that higher centrality of event was related to higher levels of intrusive rumination which was positively related to self-blame and deliberate rumination eventually leading to PTG. Indirect effects from centrality of event to PTG through intrusive and deliberate rumination, and from intrusive to deliberate rumination through self-blame were examined. This study gave support to some theoretical assumptions of the process of PTG and pointed out problematic areas of investigation of coping strategies in this process.