Process Of Institutional Transformation Research Articles

System Approach to the Process of Institutional Transformation for Industrial Integrations in the Digital Era

The digitalization of the high-tech economy is complicated due to several issues. One can mention non-synchrony and imbalance in the development of industrial enterprises and their integrations; changes in the elements and relations between enterprises and the external environment; as well as contradictions between the actors. Therefore, a new institutional system for industrial integrations needs to be formed. This article proposes a concept and scenario of the institutional change needed to bolster industrial integrations in the digital economy. The structural logic and algorithm of the process provides for the gradual progress through seven phases of institutional transformation. The authors have developed an institutional change management platform for strategic transformation, the core of which is a decision-making system. The platform supports the management of digital and material business processes of industrial integrations. The conceptual approach is based on a comparison of the life cycles of enterprises and their markets. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the readiness of industrial integrations to implement institutional change strategies using modified Shewhart control charts. The methodology is based on a two-criterion approach to the analysis of finances, production reserves, human resources, organizational structures, management technologies, corporate institutions, and a personnel motivation system. This approach allows determining the level of compliance of the resources available with the requirements of the transformation strategy implementation plan. The methodology has been tested at 14 enterprises functioning as industrial integration actors. According to the dynamics of the level of readiness to implement the transformation strategy, enterprises within the framework of industrial integrations are divided into three groups: enterprises with consistently high, medium, and low levels of readiness to implement the strategy.

Awareness and Readiness of Healthcare Workers Regarding National Transformation Program in the Health Sector in Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The National Transformation Program is a program that aims to develop the necessary infrastructure and create an environment that enables the public, private, and non-profit sectors to achieve Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the awareness and readiness of healthcare workers regarding the National Transformation Program in the health sector of Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among healthcare workers in Tabuk region using a “Google Form” based questionnaire. We sent the web link to all (100%) employees’ official email addresses through the Information Technology department’s internal communication system. The study included only those who completed the “Google Form” with the required data. The “Google Form” inquired about the respondents’ background characteristics, awareness regarding the National Transformation Program, and readiness for the transformation process. We analyzed the data with SPSS 16.0 for Windows and OpenEpi version 3.01. Results: Of 492 respondents, all (100%) had heard of the program and nearly three-quarters (71.5%) knew its strategic objectives, mainly through social media (72.4%). However, only about half of the respondents (49%) had a clear understanding of the institutional transformation process and the new model of care in the health sector. The main concern of the respondents was job security (41.1%), while the majority of them felt they were part of the program (89.9%) and supported it (92.2%). Their readiness for the transformation process was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among women and physicians than among men and other healthcare workers. Conclusion: Despite having a high level of awareness regarding the National Transformation Program in the health sector, some healthcare workers lacked a clear understanding of the institutional transformation process and the new model of care in the health sector. It is essential to address the expectations and concerns of different groups of healthcare workers to ensure their engagement and commitment to the program.

Model of Institutional Integration of the Community Revolving Fund as a Source of Sustainable Capital and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas

This study attempts to create an integration model of institutional change from a government-driven initiative, specifically the integration of community revolving funds (DBM) into Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa). In particular, every village in Banyuwangi Regency having a Village Credit Bank was included in this study. This study used descriptive qualitative research. The information was gathered using a combination of in-depth interviews, participant and non-participant observation, and document reviews. The data was examined for validity using a series of source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. The institutional dynamics of community revolving funds (DBM) arising from government policies or programs. It was governed by overlapping rules from different independent bodies, which made it challenging to implement the transformation process and expensive to do so. The Village Credit Bank and the PNPM-Mandiri activity implementation unit (UPK) were eventually merged to create the Bumdesma business unit after overcoming numerous challenges. The Inter-Village Cooperation Agency (BKAD) and Bumdesma are two new organizations that were created as a result of the institutional change process but their existence does not enhance community services. The dynamics of institutional change and transformation led to disagreements over property rights, and uncertainty surrounding ownership status sparked the emergence of Free Riders who later converted BKD assets into KSPs run by a number of former managers, which in turn had an impact on the sale of BKD assets to private parties. The institutional transformation process caused BKD's institutional nature to move from private goods to common goods as a secondary bank of BRI. The oversight of Microfinance ex Village Credit Bank (BKD) is the sole aspect of Bumdesa business units that are covered in this research. This research is able to contribute a model of integrating the management of Bumdesa as a Common Resource as an effort to alleviate poverty in Indonesia.

Corruption Risk Maps as a Solution for the Management of Resources in the Context of Environmental Disasters

Corruption in the public sector is an elusive and opaque phenomenon. Government reaction to disasters and its consequent investment in economic resources constitute a favourable opportunity for nepotism, embezzlement and other criminal situations. Detection of these scenarios requires the application of sophisticated methodologies that should be incorporated into the processes of disaster risk management. The use of corruption risk maps has been put forward as a potential solution to this problem. This technique acts as a disincentive to corrupt behaviour in government processes through collective and agreed anticipation of acts of corruption. Corruption may happen at all levels of government, given that economic resources for disaster relief are distributed at municipal, provincial and national levels. This tool helps detect and measure incidents of corruption in government processes and simultaneously designs and executes corrective mechanisms. This paper discusses the advantages derived from the analogue and digital application of this instrument, presenting the requirements for its use, its potential and future challenges. The identification of benefits has been made possible by the incremental application of the tool within the framework of a process of institutional transformation of the national government in Paraguay with the institutional and financial support of UNDOC and USAID.

Transformation of Man 2 Wonosobo as an Islamic Educational Institution

Currently, madrasah have become educational institutions that have competitiveness so that they attract people's interest to send their children to study in madrasah. This is the fruit of institutional transformation as a result of the education system in Indonesia. The same thing happened in MAN 2 Wonosobo. This madrasah have now become high school educational institutions that are not only growing rapidly but also become the community's main choice. This study wants to discuss in depth the process of institutional transformation that occurs in the madrasah, whether the transformation erodes the characteristics of the madrasah or strengthens the distinction of the madrasah as an Islamic educational institution. The results of this study indicate that MAN 2 Wonosobo have undergone a process of institutional transformation as a consequence of the enactment of the National Education System Law. The result of this transformation is that the madrasah become schools with Islamic characteristics. However, this transformation does not eliminate the characteristics of the madrasah as strong tafaqquh fiddiin Islamic educational institutions with studies and values of Islamic teachings. The vision of the madrasah has an influence on the orientation of the institutional development of the madrasah. MAN 2 Wonosobo has the orientation of strengthening the values of the madrasah by strengthening the concept of pesantren and developing the institutional vision as a national excellent madrasah.

The origins of fiscal states in developing economies: history, politics and institutions

AbstractThis is an introduction to the special issue that presents new research on the state and its links to economic and social development. The special issue focuses on the processes of institutional transformation of the state, looking at how fiscal states arise in the developing world. The resulting set of articles presents a variety of approaches, ranging from case studies (at state and regional level), to comparative historical analysis and to macro-quantitative (country and cross-country level) perspectives. The overarching message is that historical, political and institutional factors are key to understanding the process of fiscal states formation and change around the developing world.

Institutional transformation of society in the light of the sociosynergetic paradigm

The object of theoretical research presented in this article is society as an open non-equilibrium system capable of self-organization. The subject of the study are the factors and driving forces of the institutional transformation of the societal system. The relevance of the study is justified by the prolonged transformational period in the life of Russian society, as well as the increasingly widespread socio-structural crisis phenomena in the world. The scientific problem is determined based on such well-known facts as the low predictability and manageability of the processes of institutional transformation, on the one hand, and the need to reduce the risks associated with them, on the other. Accordingly, the question is raised about the mechanism of institutional transformation, which is proposed to be considered using the principles and provisions of sociosynergetics as a methodological basis. The main element of novelty in this article is the synthesis of neoinstitutional theory with the provisions of sociosynergetics. The study analyzes the process of institutional transformation from the standpoint of the sociosynergetic concept using such categories as energy dissipation, entropy, stationary and nonequilibrium state in their social expression. The characteristics of the evolutionary and crisis stages in the development of the institutional system are given. Attention is focused on the risks of the transformation period and the relationship of its results with the previous period of stability. As a result of the conducted research , the author formulates the following conclusions:1) Subjects of social relations act in accordance with the principle of minimum energy dissipation, as a result of which the foundations of any new order are laid in fluctuations of the previous structure.2) The course of the crisis (transformational) process is adversely affected by both excessive control actions aimed at preserving the previous order, and premature and ill-conceived reforms.3) The prolonged transformation threatens the complete degradation of the societal system due to the depletion of resources needed to reduce entropy.

Global guidelines, local interpretations: ethnography of climate policy implementation in Mapuche territory, Southern Chile

ABSTRACT The climate vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples is closely related to their marginalization from decision-making processes. Although the engagement of Indigenous Peoples in climate policy is increasingly promoted at the international level, there are still multiple barriers to their meaningful participation at the national level. Through an ethnography of the State, this article analyses how both the State's political orientation, and its interpretations of different stakeholders, influence the participation of Mapuche-Pehuenche communities in two mitigation projects implemented in Lonquimay, Chile, in the southern Andes. This study is based on a review of State policies for Indigenous Peoples, participant observations of the mitigation projects’ implementation, and qualitative data collected through 26 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The study uses an ethnographic approach to allow an understanding of how the State is constructed in the face of climate change and of Indigenous Peoples’ vulnerability. The State project, which shapes the relationship of the Mapuche with their territory, with the State, and among themselves, is reflected in policy implementation patterns and the existing economic development model. All these relationships influence how officials and the Mapuche interpret and implement climate policy. This article demonstrates that by neglecting these relationships, climate policy risks being less effective in part as it reinforces the exclusion of Indigenous Peoples. While Indigenous Peoples’ participation poses significant intercultural challenges, it also yields valuable lessons that can promote processes of institutional transformation that contribute to climate mitigation, such as strengthening local capacities and questioning beliefs that have led to climate change.

How platforms govern: Social regulation in digital capitalism

The rise of digital platforms has in recent years redefined contemporary capitalism—provoking discussions on whether platformization should be understood as bringing an altogether new form of capitalism, or as merely a continuation and intensification of existing neoliberal trends. This paper draws on regulation theory to examine social regulation in digital capitalism, arguing for understanding digital capitalism as continuities of existing capitalist trends coming to produce discontinuities. The paper makes three main arguments. First, it situates digital capitalism as a continuation of longer running post-Fordist trends of financialization, digitalization, and privatization—converging in the emergence of digital proprietary markets, owned and regulated by transnational platform companies. Second, as the platform model is founded on monopolizing regulation, platforms come into direct competition with states and public institutions, which they pursue through a set of distinct technopolitical strategies to claim power to govern—resulting in a geographically variegated process of institutional transformation. Third, while the digital proprietary markets are continuities of existing trends, they bring new pressures and affordances, thus producing discontinuities in social regulation. We examine such discontinuities in relation to three aspects of social regulation: (a) from neoliberalism to techno-feudalism; (b) from Taylorist hierarchies toward algorithmic herds and technoliberal subjectivity; and (c) from postmodernity toward an automated consumer culture.

The politics of the ECB’s market-based approach to government debt

AbstractThe European Central Bank’s (ECB) market-based treatment of government debt was an important cause of the 2010–2012 eurozone crisis. This article analyses the political dynamics that govern the ECB’s approach to government debt from the earliest discussions on Economic and Monetary Union to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first part of the article traces the process of institutional transformation that led the ECB to introduce its strict market-based approach in 2005. I explain this development in terms of a strategy of depoliticization that brings the ECB to introduce a rigid and rule-based approach to designing its collateral framework. The article’s second part explains why the ECB stuck to the market-based approach in the eurozone crisis but not in the pandemic crisis. Although its ill-defined constitutional role led the ECB to disavow its agency earlier, in March 2020, it had become clear that this strategy had stopped working and it was quickly abandoned in the face of a new bond market panic.

Адыгэ хабзэ в условиях институциональной трансформации традиционного общества: истоки, вызовы, перспективы

The article deals with the features of the process of institutional transformation of the traditional institute of Adyge Khabze. In the context of civilizational drift in the socio-cultural space of the globalizing world. It is noted that the metaparadigma of the development ofWestern European society, which breaks with the ontological and epistemological foundations of tradition, has constructed a deformed framework of post-modern civilization with its pronounced semantic Emptiness.

ПРОЦЕСС АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Exporting education is one of the key areas of global higher education that has been hit hardest by the pandemic. This article focuses on the international academic mobility of students, which is one of the strategic sources of funding for universities in many countries of the world, which has significantly decreased since the beginning of 2020. According to the forecasts of experts, the higher education sector expects further significant changes in the number of foreign students, the demand for international education in different countries, as well as changes in the formats of education of foreign students. The study shows how student mobility has changed in Russia and in the world, and what are the expectations, challenges and forecasts for the export of education in the near future. The purpose of the study is to consider the concept of academic mobility, to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the process of academic mobility in Russian universities. The article uses the methods of theoretical analysis of sources, analysis of statistical data, the results of observations of the organization of international academic mobility. In this article, the process of academic mobility is considered as a general term referring to both groups of participants — students and teachers of higher education institutions. We live in an era of globalization, in which the internationalization of higher education refers to an overarching process of institutional transformation aimed at integrating the international and intercultural dimension into the mission and one of the core functions of higher education institutions. The process of globalization blurs the borders between countries, bringing together the education and science systems of different countries. Academic mobility of students and teachers is defined as crossing national borders for the purpose of studying or teaching in higher education or participating in research abroad. Through the development of the process of academic mobility of students and teachers, cooperation between universities will be strengthened, which is a prerequisite for achieving the internationalization of education.

ANÁLISIS DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES COLOMBIANAS

&lt;p&gt;La propuesta de esta Investigación es analizar cuáles son las estrategias de internacionalización de la educación superior que están aplicando las universidades en Colombia, para acceder al mercado académico global cada día más exigente y competitivo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La internacionalización de la educación no debe concebirse como una serie de procesos aislados donde algunos estudiantes tienen la oportunidad de experiencias académicas fuera de su país; sino se debe ver como un proceso de planificación y de expansión para que toda la comunidad académica participe constantemente de las estrategias didácticas a nivel de educación superior.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;En el desarrollo de la presente investigación, se abordan diferentes estrategias que sirven como punto de partida en los procesos de internacionalización de las instituciones de educación superior (IES) colombianas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Teniendo en cuenta que las relaciones internacionales son herramientas para promover alianzas de cooperación, apoyo a los proyectos de formación docente, extensión e investigación. Se analiza la internacionalización de la educación desde la perspectiva de las políticas institucionales propuestas para la transformación del currículo educativo.&lt;/p&gt;

The influence of the institutional environment on development of investment activity in the agricultural sector of the economy

The influence of the institutional environment on development of investment activity in the agricultural sector of the economy

The contents and peculiarities of the process of institutional transformation of industrial complexes in a digital economy

Introduction. The article is devoted to topical issues of development and transformation of industrial complexes and enterprises in the conditions of digital transformation of economic relations. Data and methods. The article defines the distinctive trends of the digital economy: 1) exponential growth in the volume of digital innovation; 2) the nonlinearity of the processes of development of socio-economic systems; 3) the transition of companies to the platform type of functioning; 4) the use of new intelligent mechanisms to support management decision-making (including on the basis of technology «Big Data»); 5) the dominance of the network logic of interaction between enterprises and organizations; 6) the emergence of «free» digital assets (open-source software). The statistics and cases of digitalization of the largest international companies are analyzed. The necessity and expediency of institutional reforms in the domestic industry are substantiated. The means of research include the general-scientific and special methods, i.e. comparative analysis, synthesis, structuring and description, process and systems approaches. Obtained results. The author defines the content of the process of transformation of industrial complexes in the digital economy. The algorithm of fundamental controlled changes in strategies, process design, functions, organizational structures, culture and system of institutions of industrial complexes in order to improve their efficiency and ensure integration into innovative value chains is proposed. The peculiarities of the process of transformation of industrial enterprises at the stages of transformation planning, as well as process-functional, structural, cultural and institutional changes are identified, substantiated and systematized. Conclusion. The results of the research can be used as a theoretical and methodological basis for the implementation of the process of institutional transformation of industrial complexes and enterprises in the digital economy.

Institutional Transformation of the Al-Birr College as a form of Regeneration Scholars in University of Muhammadiyah

This study aims to describe and analyze institutional transformation of the Al-Birr college as a form of Regeneration Scholars in University of Muhammadiyah Makassar, which includes aspects of (1) institutional management, (2) institutional transformation process and (3) output of Al-Birr college institutional transformation in University of Muhammadiyah Makassar. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research through phenomenological approaches. Data collection techniques using open interviews, observation and documentation studies. Determination of data sources was done purposively with data analysis techniques namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification to analyze data. The results showed that (1) the implementation institutional management of Al-Birr college in aspects of leadership management, educators, student affairs, curriculum, learning systems, infrastructure and financial systems, had fundamentally and substantially achieved organizational goals with effective and efficient. This institutional management system produces a unique management design in managing educational and dakwah (Da‘wah&nbsp;literally means “issuing a summons” or “making an invitation”, Tabligh literally means ‘to convey’. Contextually, it refers to conveying the message of Islam) institutions as educational models oriented to philanthropy or charity project. College institutional management is generally carried out centrally and autonomously under the supervision of the Asia Muslim Charity Foundation in Jakarta. (2) the process of college institutional transformation refers to the background of the establishment, vision, mission, goals, structure, and organizational culture that results in the strategic program to produce Ulama in University of Muhammadiyah Makassar. Strategic program of Al-Birr college are training and sending da'I (Ulama) in remote areas, Al-quran memorizing school, syariah and dakwah programs and integration program for Ulama Tarjih Muhammadiyah (PUTM). (3) the output of institutional transformation has resulted many graduates and da'is who have roles in providing guidance and effective community service.

Under Construction: Alternative Spaces of Discourse at the National Library of Israel (Critical Essay)

AbstractA new building for the National Library of Israel (NLI), scheduled for completion in 2021, is the culmination of a two-decade process of institutional transformation. Formerly known as the Jewish National and University Library, the NLI has historically served simultaneously as Israel's official state repository, as the Hebrew University's central library, and as a “library of the Jewish people.” Like other national libraries around the world, including elsewhere in the Middle East, the National Library of Israel has had to grapple with accelerated changes in management of library collections due to the proliferation of digital media. More fundamental, however, have been changes in the cultural expectations about how libraries should function. Since 1998, the NLI has sought to expand its mission to promote not only scholarship but also cultural “discourse” among Israel's diverse constituencies. The architectural design of NLI's new edifice was intended, therefore, to do more than house the functional requirements of a modern library. It was commissioned to express through its design the significance of the transformed institution for the Israeli public. Towards that goal, a highly publicized competition for the NLI's design was held in 2012. The original two-stage competition ended in controversy after the architect endorsed by the jurors was dismissed. Yet a review of designs submitted by four Israeli architects in that first competition shows how public spaces, affiliated with public institutions, are expected to foster public discourse in Israel. Whether that discourse is cultural or political, contentious or contradictory, these alternative designs for the NLI illustrate common themes based upon specific environmental tropes, familiar across a broad spectrum of Israeli society.

Применение теории «path dependence» в исследовании институциональных преобразований в России

The article discusses the possibilities offered by the theory of “path dependence” in the study of institutional transformations. The author describes how this theory is applied in various branches of scientific knowledge. Various interpretations of institutional matrices are described, with the help of which one can most clearly demonstrate the continuity in institutional transformations. With the help of institutional matrices, an analysis of institutional changes in the Russian state from the 90s of the twentieth century to the present is carried out. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that the institutional transformation process is primarily influenced by the institutional matrix inherent in the state, as well as the configuration of the actors and the strategies chosen by them.

Transformation of Livelihood Institutions and the Organization of Punan Dayak Communities in Berau District, East Kalimantan

The social-ecological system of forests are changing with increasing modernity and has prompted the forest-dependent Dayak Punan community to adapt to the new conditions. In addition to changing livelihood structures, the institutional setting and social norms of subsistence strategies are also undergoing adaptation process. Therefore, the main question of this research is what institutional transformation are occuring of livelihoods in the Punan Dayak community as an adaptation to the modernity that entering the region where they live? A qualitative approach supported by quantitative data is used to obtain data and information in four Punan Dayak communities in Berau District, East Kalimantan. The level of dependence of Punan Dayak households on forests is declining, marked by increasing dominance of non-forest livelihood sources (i.e. wages and business). Institutions guiding the interaction between communities and the forest as a source of livelihoods, has also changed. In the four communities studied, the process of institutional transformation has produced four types of institutional organisations of subsistence vs. income dependent livelihoods, namely: subsistence-collective (livelihood activities to meet household food carried out in groups), subsistence-collective to commercial-contractual transition, commercial-collective (a livelihood activity aimed at earning money coordinated by the institution at the community level), and commercial-contractual (livelihood activities aimed at earning money/profits through formal working relationships individually or in groups).

Teargas, taboo and transformation: A neo-institutional study of community resistance and the struggle to legitimize subway projects in Amsterdam 1960–2018

The last decades have witnessed an increasing prevalence of community resistance against large-scale infrastructure projects that pose serious threats to their environment, calling for further empirical scrutiny. Hence, this paper applies a neo-institutional lens to investigate how project actors who plan and implement large-scale infrastructure projects respond to community resistance in their attempt to legitimize and embed these projects in their environment. To do so, we draw from a longitudinal study of two subway projects in Amsterdam; the East line (1965–1980) and the North-South line (1995-2018). While considered crucial for urban development, both projects encountered severe community resistance by locals protecting the historic city. This resistance, in turn, prompted ‘institutional work’ by project actors to socially (re)construct the projects in pursuit of legitimacy from the Amsterdam community. The twofold contribution of the paper to the field of project studies is (1) the application of a neo-institutional lens showcasing the dynamic interrelation between projects and their environment, processes of institutional transformation, and practices of institutional work; and (2) the longitudinal empirical account exhibiting the contextual dialectic of resistance and accommodation with an emphasis on shifting approaches of institutionalization, the constant struggle to acquire legitimacy, and the local embeddedness of projects.