Processes In Mining Industry Research Articles

ГІРНИЧОДОБУВНА ГАЛУЗЬ: ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ПІДҐРУНТЯ ДЛЯ ЗМІНИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

The availability of mineral resources, in the context of intensifying globalization processes and growing technological gap between countries, remains important for economic development and national security, but complicating the process of extraction and competition in resource markets requires improved government regulation. Within each individual enterprise, complex problems of technological renewal in order to increase the efficiency of extraction of mineral resources while preserving the natural environment and achieving national interests cannot be solved. The aim of the study was to analyze the main performance indicators of mining enterprises with further delineation of the essence of crisis processes and the formation of an information basis for timely changes in government regulation of this key sector of the national economy. To characterize the crisis processes in the mining industry, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of current trends in the volume and economic efficiency of mining; synthesis and analysis – to determine the dynamics and characteristics of changes in the number of enterprises, the volume of sales, the number of employees and the size of the final financial results of mining enterprises in terms of certain economic activities; morphological analysis – to outline the content of crisis processes and determine the impact of key factors; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodological material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. The generalization of official analytical data and positions of experts forms a general idea of the processes in the Ukrainian mining industry. The results of the analysis revealed: reduction of the number of enterprises, in particular large and medium-sized ones with fragmentation of economic potential and reduction of the ability to compete with multinational corporations; a significant decline in sales of strategically important minerals for our country; reduction in the number of employees, in particular to coal miners; deterioration of financial performance in 2020, including losses. It is substantiated that the obtained results are the basis for changes in state regulation, which should be focused on the protection of national interests on the basis of sustainable development and social responsibility with the creation of favorable conditions for achieving the goals of mining enterprises.

ГІРНИЧОДОБУВНА ГАЛУЗЬ: ПОТОЧНИЙ СТАН ТА НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ

The mining industry is developing under the influence of a large number of different factors. Along with the growing demand for iron ore and rare earth metals, which is due to the need to achieve a technological breakthrough in the leading countries of economic development, the need for oil and gas is not further reduced, there is increasing mining in countries with low economic development to meet the growing needs of the population, which provokes lower prices in resource markets. In Ukraine, as a result of deeper integration into world economic processes, the impact of each factor in some way reflected on the state of the mining industry, and given its role in shaping the state budget is important to carefully consider the current situation, including official statistics. changes in government regulation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main performance indicators of mining enterprises with further outline of the essence of the processes and identify new challenges for the formation of the information basis for changes in government regulation. To characterize the crisis processes in the mining industry, the following methods were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of current trends in the volume and economic efficiency of mining; synthesis and analysis – to determine the dynamics and characteristics of changes in the number of enterprises, the volume of sales, the number of employees and the size of the final financial results of mining enterprises in terms of certain economic activities; morphological analysis – to characterize new challenges in the mining industry; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodological material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. The generalization of official analytical data and positions of experts forms a general idea of the processes in the Ukrainian mining industry. The results of the analysis revealed: reduction of the number of enterprises, in particular large and medium-sized ones with fragmentation of economic potential and reduction of the ability to compete with multinational corporations; a significant decline in sales of strategically important minerals for our country; reduction in the number of employees, in particular to coal miners; deterioration of financial performance in 2020, including losses. It is substantiated that the obtained results are the basis for changes in state regulation, which should be focused on the protection of national interests on the basis of sustainable development and social responsibility with the creation of favorable conditions for achieving the goals of mining companies.

Digitalization of hydrogeological processes in mining industry

The groundwater monitoring reconstruction and hydrogeological digitalization are discussed on the ground of the past and modern mine flooding protection technologies and geo-information technologies. According to the authors, it is of the current concern to advance digitalization technologies for hydrogeological processes in the mining industry to be focused on: – operative and episodic control and display of water condition at the control point in the x, y, z, t coordinates, including pore pressure, temperature, mineralization, flow rate of drainage water intake devices, productivity of pumping equipment of mine and quarry drainage, water-development in pit walls, in underground mines, in the influence zone of mining production; – creation of permanent hydrogeological models of groundwater flow, pore pressure distribution, flow gradients and transport of pollutants within the framework of conceptual and numerical models of subsoil, mining facilities, terrain, natural environment and anthropogenic activity in the influence zone of mining. The article discusses the working cycles of digitalization of operational and occasional monitoring data on the status of groundwater at the control points and 3D representations of groundwater flow, distribution of pore pressure, pressure gradients and movement of pollutants using constantly operating models to ensure safe and competitive development of flooded mineral deposits in modern conditions. The relevance of the digitalization technologies for hydrogeological processes based on the latest achievements in the field of geoinformatics and automation of hydrogeological work is substantiated.

Microanalyser Prototype for On-Line Monitoring of Copper(II) Ion in Mining Industrial Processes.

A microanalyzer prototype for copper(II) ion monitoring in mining industrial processes is presented. The microanalyzer is designed as an assembly of different modules, each module being responsible for a unit operation. In order to optimize the industrial processes, the microanalyzer can automate all sample management, signal processing, and mathematical calculations and wirelessly transfer data to a control room. The determination of copper(II) ion is done using a colorimetric reaction and the microanalyser performs autocalibration by in situ dilution of a stock solution, matching the higher analyte concentration of the working range defined for the sample to be determined, using a multicommutation approach. The performance of the microanalyzer for monitoring copper(II) ion in water effluents of mining facilities was optimized in the working range from 1 to 10 mg/L to match Mexican environmental law regulations, which allow a maximum concentration of 4 mg/L of copper(II) ion in these circumstances.

A Review on Integrated Mineral Carbonation Process in Ultramafic Mine Deposit

Dramatical increase in the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere has led to the climate change, which poses a significant threat to human life on Earth. CO 2 sequestration via mineral carbonation is the one of the most effective method for mitigating global warming, and is the only way that could store CO 2 permanently. In recent years, integrating mineral carbonation via ultramafic mine deposit has received significant attention due to its high potentiality towards commercial application. This review compiles the work conducted by various researchers over the last few years on integrated mineral carbonation processes in mining industry, which use the mine waste materials as CO 2 feedstock for mineral carbonation. This paper initially introduces the basic theory of mineral carbonation, with a brief description of various techniques that enhance the rate of mineral carbonation. The enhanced mineral carbonation strategies include pre-treatment of feedstock by thermal, chemical and mechanical activation, and carbonation in a direct or indirect carbonation routes under gas/solid phase or aqueous phase. This paper then introduces the scope of application of integrated mineral carbonation. This includes the types of mine suitable for integrated mineral carbonation, the properties of mine waste materials preferable for CO 2 sequestration, and the worldwide locations potentially viable for integrated mineral carbonation. Moreover, this paper critically reviews and discusses the integrated mineral carbonation process in mining industry. The integrated mineral carbonation processes include modified passive carbonation techniques at tailing dams, and ex-situ carbonation routes using fresh tailings. The focus of the discussions is the role of reaction condition on the carbonation efficiency of mine waste with various mineralogy, and the drawback of each integrated mineral carbonation process. All the discussions lead to the suggestions on the technology improvement in the integrated mineral carbonation process. Finally, this paper reviews the economical assessments on the existing integrated mineral carbonation process. Literature to date indicates that the value-add by-products (i.e. recovered metals, valuable carbonated products) play an important role in commercialization of an integrated mineral carbonation process.

Global Characterization of Froth Speed Behavior in a Rougher Flotation Line

Flotation is one of the most complex processes in mining industry. In fact, non linear characteristics, large delays, significant disturbances and important unmeasurable variables make the process very difficult for automatic control. However, experimented operators are able to take adequate control actions based on superficial froth appearance. To ensure the obtaining of technical and economical benefits, it is necessary to identify different operational scenarios using quantitative information. In this work first we demonstrate, using step response analysis, that froth speed is closely related to pulp level. To model this relationship we propose a piecewise affine structure for froth speed-pulp level relation, yielding a hybrid model obtained applying hybrid identification techniques to real industrial data from a three bank rougher line. Results show that a non-linear relation exist between froth speed and pulp level, and the models obtained are able to describe flotation process dynamic.

Particle modeling of dynamic fragmentation—II: Fracture in single- and multi-phase materials

The second paper of this series adopts particle modeling (PM) to simulation of dynamic fracture phenomena in homogeneous and heterogeneous materials, such as encountered in comminution and blasting processes in mining industry. As the basis for such simulations, we first develop a new method to prevent particles from topologically interpenetrating themselves within the material domain, when actual fracture does not actually take place. We then move to a number of application studies: (i) fragmentation of 2-D single- and multi-phase materials—including a simulation of a drop-weight test—and (ii) fragmentation of 3-D single-phase materials under either very rapid extension or compression. These investigations show patterns and trends of fragmentation of materials in function of their constitutive properties, their geometric shapes, and the loading conditions.