Socio-economic Processes Of Change Research Articles

Projecting for Sustainability Transitions: Advancing the Contribution of Peter Morris

Projects are both shaped by processes of socio-economic change and shape those processes of socio-economic change – an insight that guided much in Peter Morris’ career and contribution. In this paper, we address a growing concern of both Peter and the projects research community more generally with the grand challenges we all face, particularly achieving net zero. We therefore place project organizing research in the context of the four industrial revolutions and the Anthropocene over the last 250 years or so. In particular, we focus on the role of projects in sustainability transitions – that is the transition from one sociotechnical regime to another such as from fossil fuels to renewables for electricity generation. On this basis, we suggest that the major projects of the third industrial revolution that Peter so comprehensively analysed may not be the most appropriate models for addressing the challenges of the fourth when projecting for sustainability transitions. We close by suggesting one potential additional approach.

Gentrifying the Brazilian city? Convergences and divergences in urban studies

There is a growing number of processes in Brazilian cities that have been identified as gentrification. However, the classic definition of gentrification as a process of transformation of existing urban housing stocks by new homeowners with a higher socio-economic profile poses challenges to understand recent empirical data coming from Brazil and the Global South more generally. Instead of dismissing them as deviant cases, this paper challenges the Northern empirical foundations of gentrification theory and calls for a new methodological approach to both classic and new cases that take into consideration its contextualization. This new framework for gentrification research is based on necessary dimensions that identify the production of gentrifiable space as the initial condition to the process of socioeconomic change with displacement in which built-environment upgrades constitute one of its most visible feature. These dimensions are present in each and every case, bounding the concept and operationalizing research, while local mediating forces make gentrification context-specific. Therefore, urban studies on gentrification. Should understand and explore the nature of these differences, in a return to in-depth studies and empirical research, opening spaces for decentering positions and building theory from multiple positionalities.

DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PADA MASYARAKAT KINDANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This study aims to describe how the factors and processes of socio-economic change and the impact of socio-economic changes that occur in the Kindang Society of Bulukumba Regency. This type of research uses qualitative research. The technique in determining informants uses snowball sampling techniques, that is, without determining the criteria for informants, so the number of informants will always increase according to the information needs of the Kindang community in Bulukumba Regency. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used by researchers through three stages of work, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Validation of the data used is triangulation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the factors that determine the socio-economic changes of the kindang community are farm produce from clove production which is a familiar commodity with a very high economic value at this time with a high level of productivity in Bulukumba district. (2) The process of socio-economic change in the kindang community occurs between different circumstances and times, where the kindang community experiences an economic crisis in the new order, the formation of the BPPC (Clove Management Agency) which regulates and buys cloves at unreasonable prices, then occurs significant changes during the reform period, with the openness and freedom of the reform period until the price of cloves began to recover and freedom of the reformation period until the price of cloves began to recover and increase so that the welfare of the kindang community could prosper. (3) The impact of socio-economic changes that occur in the kindang community of Bulukumba district. namely improving the economic system of the Kindang community to become a prosperous society and higher social stratification, as well as growing public awareness in the fields of education, politics and culture. Culture in this case encompasses lifestyles and relationships and modern lifestyles so that eroding local cultures such as mutual cooperation have begun to diminish.

Dampak Sosial Industrilisasi Tambak Udang terhadap Lingkungan di Desa Andulang Kabupaten Sumenep

Industrialization is a process of socio-economic change that transforms the livelihoods of agrarian societies into industrial societies. Shrimp farming industry Andulang village 20 years ago has been a pond, for permit development of shrimp farming industrialisasi in Andulang village already have permission from Integrated Licensing Service Agency. Among the benefits with the industrialization of shrimp ponds in Andulang Village is creating jobs for economic needs. Nevertheless, there is a social problem that is felt by the community around the industry, namely environmental pollution. First, land contamination of productive agricultural land becomes unproductive. Second, water pollution that is against the sea to itch and smell. Third, air pollution around the shrimp ponds that cause unpleasant odors. Keywords Social Impact, Industrialization, Shrimp Pond http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v2i22017p073

Intimate Partners and Multifaceted Violent Behaviour in Pakistan

Intimate partners’ violence is a common occurrence in Pakistan. It has been affected by a host of factors, which are undergoing change with time. This paper is based on forty cases of married couples, some of whom are no more living together. The study highlights various aspects of IPV, including: economic abuse, drugs abuse, psychological complications, marital jealousies, consequences of love or arranged marriage, in-laws’ provocations, sexual jealousies, marital maladjustment, long-distance migration, disability, children’s issues, and tribal/feudal background. As more and more women are getting empowered through socioeconomic processes of change, they do find more options affordable in lieu of a violent and unhappy marriage. The new level of awareness has also helped non-earning women to step out of marriage if it becomes unbearable for them. In this way men also become aggrieved party, hence male victimization is also becoming noticeable. Male victims’ cases are now also highlighted in print media but these are not discussed in academia. This paper presents the IPV situation of a section of Muslim society, ethnically diverse, economically segregated, largely urban, having the aspiration of becoming a developed modern nation, thereby passing through a transition. The findings are presented in a model which may apply to similar social conditions elsewhere.

Language education and institutional change in a Madrid multilingual school

This article examines the institutional transformations of language-in-education programmes in Madrid, linked to wider socio-economic processes of change. Drawing on a research team's ethnographic revisit, we explore how wider processes are impacting everyday discursive practices in the Bridging Class (BC) programme, first implemented in 2003 to teach Spanish to the children of migrant workers in state schools. We focus on the coexistence of this programme with the recently implemented Bilingual Schools Programme, aimed to equip students from working-class areas to compete in global markets. Based on the analysis of interviews and classroom interactions with BC students at one secondary school, in connection with the wider socio-historical processes underlying language-in-education policies, this study reveals a process of discrediting of the BC that contributed to a local hierarchisation of programmes (and its participants). Further implications are discussed regarding how individuals collaborated with each other under these institutional conditions.

Modernizing Chinese Law

Over the past three decades a progressive transformation of the law and legal institutions in China took place as part and parcel of China’s broader modernization process driven by economic reform and development. The recognition and protection of private property as embodied in the amendment of the 1982 Constitution, the 2007 Property Law and other legislations, is one of the stories contributing to the transformation of modern Chinese law and legal institutions, which relects a historical modernization process of socio-economic change in contemporary China. However, this study by examining the development of a legal framework for the protection of private property, the problems related to urban housing demolition, and the rule of law in relation to the protection of private property, submits that the legal modernization in the protection of private property had no radical departure from, but conined within and compromised with, China’s current existing systems which, among others, still uphold socialist ideology and practice.

Peace, Conflict and Development: A Macro Sociological Perspective

It is significant that we are in an era when development as a process of socioeconomic change is widely conceptualised in direct reference to peace and conflict. Development-assistance agencies, such as the World Bank, have shown an increasing tendency to view development as a pro cess with peace and conflict implications. In other words, the widely held view today is that development could help avoid or reduce conflict. It is not difficult to understand why development practitioners are concerned about the 'conflict potential' of development. According to 2000/2001 World Development Report, 80 percent of the incidents of civil war and strife during the period 1990-95 were concentrated in deve loping countries (World Bank 2001: 50). It is also significant that a large proportion of these conflicts have taken place in sub-Saharan Africa that has one of the world's highest concentrations of abject poverty. What is noted here, by implication, is that there is a symbiotic relationship between the level of development and conflict: 'poor countries produce more conflict, and widespread conflicts, in turn, produce greater poverty and deprivation'. What is peculiar about the above analysis is that it is contextualised in an extremely ahistorical manner. In other words, the contextualisation is largely independent of time and space. On the other hand, a broader conceptual framework would indicate that development is a process that has often involved both structural and symbolic violence. It is a pheno menon with a long history, spanning over several centuries (cf. Baeck 1993). Moreover, deprivation and poverty in much of the developing world cannot be discussed without reference to growth and affluence elsewhere (cf. Rifkin 1981). '9/11' (11 September 2002), which many people routinely refer to when they, talk about the present global condition, has persuaded the world leaders to explicitly recognise the connection between develop ment and security. While some commentators would like to see the nexus as one connected with conflicting value systems or worldviews (Huntington 1991), others see a structural link between material and symbolic violence, on the one hand, and growing terrorism, on the other.

The Social Ecology of the Post-Fordist/Global City? Economic Restructuring and Socio-spatial Polarisation in the Toronto Urban Region

Numerous authors have asserted that globalisation and occupational changes associated with post-Fordist economic restructuring have led to a growth in intraurban social disparity and even polarisation. This hypothesis is most consistently articulated in the literature on global cities. However, the social effects of post-Fordist economic restructuring and the interplay between occupational changes and social and spatial factors within urban areas are not well understood. This paper seeks to provide an initial investigation into processes of socioeconomic change which may be presently ocurring within cities, and to model how such processes may be articulated within urban space. To gauge the impact of occupational restructuring on the social structure of the city, and to test the assertion that economic changes are related to increased polarisation, shifts in occupation, immigration and income variables in the urban region of Toronto, Canada, are examined. The patterns of social and spatial change occurring between 1971 ands 1991 are plottted and the possible tendencies towards increasing polarisation are analysed and discussed.

Response to McMichael, Block, and Goldfrank

It is at times of rapid social transformation that the cognitive and explanatory limitations of our extant accounts of the world are exposed. Social theory emerged in the nineteenth century as an intellectual outcome to a vast process of socioeconomic change and political upheaval. We are currently in another period of momentous change. It is in such times that the way forward requires that we "go out on a limb," that we advance novel theoretical and macrosociological propositions. Perching on the solid branches of established paradigms will get us nowhere. Yet such propositions are unsettling, not just because they have yet to be "fully corroborated" and "properly qualified," but also, and primarily, because they go against the grain of established modes of thinking and therefore generate stiff resistance.

"¡Tan cerca, tan lejos!". Estado de derecho y cambio jurídico en México (1970-1999)

Numero 97 Enero - Abril 2000 Nueva Serie Ano XXXIII ISSN 0041 8633 JURIDICO EN MEXICO (1970-1999) Sergio LOPEZ-AYLLON Hector FIX-FIERRO This essay analyses the positive transformations that the Mexi-can legal system has undergone between 1970 and 1999. However, it also studies some negative factors that have been an obstacle for the establishment of the rule of law in the Mexican society. After drawing a general framework concern-ning the points of contact between the process of socio-economic change that Mexico has experienced since 1970 and its impact on our legal system, the study makes a detailed analysis based on empirical data, focusing on what the authors call the dimensions of Mexican legal life, namely: legislation and the observance of the law; the judicial power and other institutions of justice; law teaching and legal science; and finally, the legal profession and legal culture. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.

Building Identities in a Mass-Communication World: A Commentary on Steven Miles's 'The Cultural Capital of Consumption'

The process of identity formation is approached from the multilevel perspective of symbiotic, distributed units (dyads, groups of consciousness, communities) that follows from a sociocultural interpretation of the issue of identity. According to that view, objects in general, and consumer goods in particular, are seen as psychological tools that are directed towards oneself as much as towards others. The process of socio-economic change that has replaced the socially mediated identification of goods by an instrumental and visual identification seems to be extending to personal identities. The effect of consumption and mass communication processes would seem to point to the fragmentation of the different units into separate and even confronting identities, as well as to the dramatization of objects in the symbolic narratives of postmodern identities constructed through advertising.

Marriage Changes in the Central Nepali Hills

Few studies on Nepal focus on family formation processes. This paper documents the age pattern of marriage and marriage practices in the central hills of Nepal. Socioeconomic differentials in age at marriage and marriage practices are identified and sources of variations are explained. Furthermore the paper concludes that age at marriage and the manner in which marriages are arranged are changing in the study area and probably are changing in other similar settings in Nepal. It is argued that changes in age at marriage and marriage practices are brought about by attitudinal changes which in turn are affected by the broader process of socioeconomic change in the society.