Requirements Analysis Process Research Articles

Local large language models to simplify requirement engineering documents in the automotive industry

ABSTRACT In automotive engineering, requirements management is crucial for determining the functional and technical qualities of a vehicle and ensuring reproducibility and uniformity throughout the development process. This paper presents a novel and innovative Local GPT Q&A retrieval solution for requirement engineering in the automotive industry. The study demonstrates that leveraging massive language models can significantly simplify the requirements analysis process, providing a more efficient and effective approach to handle complex requirement documents. The evaluation of various language models reveal their exceptional performance in answering evaluation questions, showcasing their potential for automating and enhancing requirement engineering tasks.

Dataset Constrution through Ontology-Based Data Requirements Analysis

Machine learning (ML) technology is rapidly evolving, and the quality of ML systems is becoming an increasingly focal point of attention. Since the ML system is shaped by the dataset it learns from, its quality largely depends on the quality of the dataset. However, the dataset is often collected in a non-standardized process and few requirements and analysis methods are given to assist in identifying the needed dataset. This leads to no guarantee for the quality of dataset, affecting the generalization ability of model and resulting in low training efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposes an ontology-based requirement analysis method where ontology integrates domain knowledge into the process of data requirements analysis and the coverage criteria on ontology are given for specifying data requirements which can later be used to guide the high-quality construction of the dataset. We held an experiment on an image recognition system in the field of autonomous driving to validate our approach. The result shows that the ML system trained by the dataset constructed through our data requirements analysis method has a better performance.

Analisis Kebutuhan Pengguna pada Pengembangan Malang Virtual Tourism dengan Ambience Lingkungan Terintegrasi

The use of VR in the tourism business continues to increase. The use of VR for tourism is known as virtual tourism. virtual tourism can simulate tourist destinations using a virtual environment (VE). Virtual tourism is expected to enhance the experience for tourists and attract new markets to tourist destinations. Malang City is one of the tourist destinations in East Java, and is always visited by both domestic and foreign tourists. However, Malang City is still not a major destination in tourism, compared to Batu City (Kota Batu) and Malang Regency (Kabupaten Malang), this is due to the lack of vigorous promotion. In order to provide a pleasant experience for its users, Malang Virtual Tourism must be developed based on user needs. Based on these problems, a virtual reality application will be developed that can provide immersive experiences to users related to tourist destinations in Malang City. At the requirement analysis stage, a specification design of the system to be made includes functional and non-functional requirements needed for the development of the system in this research will be carried out. The requirement analysis process involves potential users of the system. We were identifying the requirements by numbering each requirement that has been made with a Use case diagram and Use case Scenario. This step generates a general description and system requirements. The results of this stage get five functional requirements and one non-functional, usability.

TECHNES: Penyedia Layanan Jasa Service Berbasis Aplikasi Android

This article describes how the waterfall method approach was used for the creation of an Android app by Technes, an app-based service provider. The waterfall method is a methodical and linear approach to developing software that starts with analyzing requirements and progresses through design, testing, and implementation. In this article, we will discuss how the waterfall method was applied to the development of the Technes app to ensure it was well-organized and efficient. The waterfall methodology's requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and implementation phases are all thoroughly explained. Developing a solid understanding of the technical user requirements and deciding on the functionality that the app should have are the tasks involved in the requirements analysis process. An intuitive and responsive user interface is then produced during the design phase to enhance the user experience. The main concern of this article is how the waterfall methodology can help solve challenging problems when developing complex Android applications. We discuss many phases of the waterfall method such as requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and planning, and we illustrate how each stage contributes to the final outcome of the Technes application. The findings of the discussion show that the waterfall method can help organize, track, and evaluate each stage of app development in a clear and organized way. We also recognize the limitations of the waterfall method with respect to changing user requirements and backend operations, but these issues can be resolved with effective communication. The end result is a Technes application that fully meets user needs, has a responsive user agent, and offers a consistent user experience.

Ideological and Political Resources Service System Needs Analysis

The ideological and political education in universities has shifted from political courses to professional courses, and from teacher ideological and political education to full staff ideological and political education. Many departments and individuals at Beijing University of Technology have accumulated a certain amount of ideological and political resources. In order to achieve more centralized management and greater sharing of dispersed ideological and political resources, and to make ideological and political achievements more widely applied, the school needs an ideological and political resource service system. The establishment of a system helps to strengthen the management of ideological and political resources in schools and enhance individuals' knowledge level of ideological and political resources. It is crucial to implement a standardized and practical system and connect it with the ideological and political resources of different departments and individuals. This article focuses on the requirements analysis section of the ideological and political resource system, as requirements analysis is the cornerstone of almost all software design and development processes. Without a complete process of requirements research, analysis, and modeling, it is impossible to construct the basic architecture and functions of the software, resulting in the final designed software not meeting the user's usage requirements. A good requirement analysis will enable developers to have a more accurate understanding of the specific functions of the system, arrange development time and schedule, and thereby improve the usability of the system and the completion efficiency of developers. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the ideological and political resource service system from both functional and non-functional aspects, laying a solid foundation for subsequent design and implementation of the system.

Research on modelling analysis and design method of helicopter operation requirements based on MBSE

Helicopters are characterized by complex missions, high risk, high cost, high reliability and long lead times. In order to adapt to the more complex operational requirements in the future, the thesis addresses the problems of long iterative cycles, low efficiency and model duality in the traditional helicopter operation requirements analysis process, the theory of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is introduced into operation requirements analysis for helicopter. A modelling analysis and design method for helicopter operation requirements analysis is proposed based on MBSE. The overall framework for helicopter operation requirements analysis based on the model is designed. On this basis, a modelling design method and key implementation process of requirements analysis is established, which provides theoretical and technical support for the positive design of helicopter operation requirements demonstration.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Audit Internal Fakultas (Studi Kasus: FMIPA Universitas Lampung)

Evaluation of faculty performance is an assessment of the quality of a faculty at the University. This Accreditation Assessment is carried out internally as well as externally by the National Accreditation Board for Higher Education (BAN PT). The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences is one of the faculties at the University of Lampung, where faculty accreditation is the most important educational support used as an assessment criterion, namely vision, mission, objectives, student archives, and others. The amount of data is one of the problems faced by faculties in storing accreditation data. Referring to the above problems, it is appropriate to develop an "Faculty Performance Evaluation Information System and the University of Lampung Study Program Implementation Unit using the Laravel Framework" which can facilitate the process of searching for the archives and data needed. This information system was built using the prototype method with three stages, namely Listen To Customer (at this stage the system requirements analysis process is carried out based on customer requirements), Build/Revise Mock Up (at this stage the design and coding process is carried out according to customer requests), and Test Drives Mock Up (at this stage testing the system that has been made to the user is carried out). The coding for the development of this system uses the PHP programming language and to simplify the coding process for the Laravel framework design. The testing method used on this system uses the Black Box Testing method with the Equivalence Partitioning type. The result of this study is a Web-Based Faculty Performance Evaluation Information System that can facilitate staff in inputting the required data.

Agile Functional Requirements Modeling from Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study

During the last two decades, the application of Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering has increased in software projects, mainly because this approach is useful during the requirements analysis process and supports the realization of tasks such as requirements elaboration, validation, and planning, and can be used as part of the system life cycle, e.g. architecture and design of behavioral processes, coding, testing, monitoring, adaptation and evolution. Several approaches addressing goal-oriented requirements have already been proposed. Currently, there are several concerns about how to correctly adopt and implement it in current industrial contexts, such as agile approaches and, more specifically, its integration with user stories and acceptance criteria. This study presents a compilation of the current knowledge on adopting GORE in agile requirements specification through user stories and their acceptance criteria. A systematic mapping study guided by ten research questions was conducted, and nine primary studies were selected considering the selection criteria. The results obtained show some initiatives as goal-oriented modelling languages in different proposals for transforming goal-oriented models into user stories, among them: i* (i-star), Tropos, KAOS, GRL, AOM, and Goal Net. This study provides a solid basis for classifying existing and future approaches in the application of GORE. Researchers and practitioners can use this mapping to identify existing technical/research gaps to better address and assess their own contributions or understand existing ones.

Sistem Informasi Eksekutif Pelelangan dengan Metode Iconix Process Pada PT. Pelindo I Berbasis Web

The advancement of information technology has had a tremendous impact in assisting executives in making decisions. The executive information system is one of the best methods to help the leader or executive to make decisions effectively and efficiently. Not all work and procurement of goods is carried out by employees or staff of PT. Pelindo I, however, was carried out through an auction process. So far, the data collection process has been done using Microsoft Excel. Many weaknesses that occur, namely the data is not realtime and the leader cannot see the information directly and the data displayed cannot help the leader make decisions quickly. Therefore, an Executive Information System is needed so that the leadership can see directly the status of the existing auction at PT. Pelindo I. The purpose of this research is to design and build an executive information system at PT. Pelindo I with the iconix process method to display the status of the auction. The stages in designing an application using the Iconix Process method consist of nine stages, namely the process of requirements analysis, preparation of a domain model, GUI storyboard, use case diagrams, robustness diagrams, sequence diagrams, domain updates model, class diagram, implementation. The result of this research is to produce an application that displays a report on the status of the existing auction at PT. Pelindo in 2019 which is more efficient by using the iconix process method. The report that is displayed is in the form of data on contract completion, still in process, failed and returned.

DAHBOARD EKSEKUTIF SEBAGAI MEDIA KOORDINASI DAN MONITORING KEGIATAN UNTUK PENINGKAT KINERJA APARATUR PEMERINTAH

Pekalongan City Government continues to strive to improve good governance in maximizing the 
 use of Information Technology, this is evidenced by the participation of the Pekalongan City 
 Government in the Movement Towards 100 Smart City programs. One effort that can be made to 
 optimize the use of information technology is the executive dashboard for monitoring RT / RW 
 activities. In 2019, Pekalongan City has 340 RW and 1660 RT. The existence of this executive 
 dashboard application can optimize the role of RT and RW and all information at the lower level 
 can be obtained immediately, such as information on population data, submission of grants and 
 assistance, and others. The information in the monitoring dashboard is the realtime data that 
 currently exists. This research will make a dashboard monitoring RT / RW activities with a 
 prototype model approach. The prototype model and Joint Application Development (JAD) are the 
 most widely used models in creating executive dashboards. The research steps started from data 
 collection, data analysis, application design, application development and testing. From the data 
 collected, a functional and non-functional requirements analysis process was carried out. After 
 that the application design process is carried out and conti nued with the design implementation in 
 the application development process. Then from the results of the Alpha Test and Beta Test, the 
 application can work according to functional and non-functional needs. In the future, this 
 application prototype can be developed in conjunction with the One Data application in Dinas 
 Komunikasi dan Informatikan (Diskominfo) Pekalongan City.
 Keywords: Executive dashboard, smart city, prototype.

A Bird’s Eye View of Natural Language Processing and Requirements Engineering

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has demonstrated effectiveness in many application domains. NLP can assist software engineering by automating various activities. This paper examines the interaction between software requirements engineering (RE) and NLP. We reviewed the current literature to evaluate how NLP supports RE and to examine research developments. This literature review indicates that NLP is being employed in all the phases of the RE domain. This paper focuses on the phases of elicitation and the analysis of requirements. RE communication issues are primarily associated with the elicitation and analysis phases of the requirements. These issues include ambiguity, inconsistency, and incompleteness. Many of these problems stem from a lack of participation by the stakeholders in both phases. Thus, we address the application of NLP during the process of requirements elicitation and analysis. We discuss the limitations of NLP in these two phases. Potential future directions for the domain are examined. This paper asserts that human involvement with knowledge about the domain and the specific project is still needed in the RE process despite progress in the development of NLP systems.

Research on the Requirement Analysis and Management Method of Aircraft PHM System

Recent years, the forward design based on requirements has become the mainstream mode of aircraft and its component systems development. Requirements analysis and management not only runs through the whole process of system development and validation activities, but also plays an important role in these activities. However, there are some practical problems in the requirement analysis and management of prognostics and health management (PHM) system of aircraft, such as lack of method and process guidance, incomplete stakeholder analysis, and nonstandard requirement description. Therefore, based on the theory of system engineering, this paper puts forward the basic methods and suggestions of PHM system stakeholder analysis, formulates the technical process and key points of PHM system requirement analysis in demonstration and scheme stage, and clarifies the basic principles of PHM system requirement specification. And the related research of this paper aims to improve the quality and efficiency of requirement analysis and management of aircraft PHM system, and to lay the foundation for the development of system architecture and function as well.

A Model Study on Collaborative Learning and Exploration of RBAC Roles

Role‐based access control (RBAC) can effectively guarantee the security of user system data. With its good flexibility and security, RBAC occupies a mainstream position in the field of access control. However, the complexity and time‐consuming of the role establishment process seriously hinder the development and application of the RBAC model. The introduction of the assistant interactive question answering algorithm based on attribute exploration (semiautomatic heuristic way to build an RBAC system) greatly reduces the complexity of building a role system. However, there are some defects in the auxiliary interactive Q&A algorithm based on attribute exploration. The algorithm is not only unable to support multiperson collaborative work but also difficult to find qualified Q&A experts in practical work. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a model collaborative learning and exploration of RBAC roles under the framework of attribute exploration. In this model, after interactive Q&A with experts in different permissions systems by using attribute exploration, the obtained results are merged and calculated to get the correct role system. This model not only avoids the time‐consuming process of role requirement analysis but also provides a feasible scheme for collaborative role discovery in multidepartment permissions.

Integrating AI Techniques in Requirements Analysis

Requirements Analysis (RA) remains one of the most central processes in requirements engineering. It is a process of evaluating and discovering possible structures to create a contracted set of broad and reliable requirements. The major aim of requirements analysis is to produce a requirements specification document with great quality. The analysis of study exposes that experts have arranged major supports by developing various methods/tools/framework/techniques of requirement analysis process. Though, one of the major problems faced by developers is poor communication and frequently changes in requirements. These issues may lead to incompetent outcome and termination of the system development. The previous investigation exposes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods may support in this by restricting alterations in requirements and to propose effective communication between designers and users. The purpose of this work is to categorize the challenges in every stage of the requirements analysis and incorporation of AI techniques to solve these known challenges. Moreover, the research also determines the association between such challenges and their potential AI answer/s through Venn-Diagram. Prior studies expose that more than one AI technique available for some of the challenges, and some of the challenges are still open for further research, no AI techniques has been reported yet. Keeping in observation the significance of the area, foremost analysis methods and their related issues have already been recognized in one of our prior papers. This study is an addition of our prior effort and here, an attempt is made to incorporate and describe AI techniques in various requirements analysis techniques.

Requirements-driven data warehouse design based on enhanced pivot tables

The design of data warehouses (DWs) is based on both their data sources and users’ requirements. The more closely the DW multidimensional schema reflects the stakeholders’ needs, the more effectively they will make use of the DW content for their OLAP analyses. Thus, considerable attention has been given in the literature to DW requirements analysis, including requirements elicitation, specification and validation. Unfortunately, traditional approaches are based on complex formalisms that cannot be used with decision makers who have no previous experience with DWs and OLAP. This forces a sharp separation between elicitation and specification. To cope with this problem, we propose a new requirements analysis process where pivot tables, a well-known representation for multidimensional data often used by decision makers, are enhanced to be used both for elicitation and as a specification formalism. A pivot table is a two-dimensional spreadsheet that supports the analyses of multidimensional data by nesting several dimensions on the x- or y-axis and displaying data on multiple pages. The requirements analysis process we propose is iterative and relies on both unstructured and structured interviews; particular attention is given to enable the design of irregular multidimensional schemata, which are often present in real-world DWs but can hardly be understood by unskilled users. Finally, we validate our proposal using a real case study in the biodiversity domain.

The INCOSE‐PPI Systems Engineering Tools Database – What's Coming

AbstractThe Systems Engineering Tools Database (SETDB) project is a collaboration between INCOSE and Project Performance International (PPI) to reinstate and revive the popular on‐line catalogue of tools information that was lost in a migration activity several years ago. “Walking the talk”, the project team has of course taken a systems engineering (SE) approach comprising thorough, and separate, problem definition and solution description artefacts. Thus far, a rigorous system requirements analysis activity has produced a detailed set of SETDB use cases, a description of intended use (OCD/CONUSE) and a baselined specification of requirements – all developed in close collaboration with INCOSE and PPI stakeholders. The products of that activity are presented in detail in this paper.One of the points of emphasis during development is to distinguish between the SETDB enterprise system – which comprises all that is entailed in providing the database service to its users, including computing devices, the INCOSE website, the internet, operational processes and project infrastructure – from the SETDB Information System. The SETDB Information System (SETDBIS) is the main technical solution element of the project and will exist as a subsystem of the larger SETDB system. Making this distinction ensures that all of the elements necessary to meet the SETDB stakeholder needs are identified and included in the development.The next step of the project is to use the outputs from the requirements analysis process as directives to develop the SETDB solution to deliver its initial operational capability (IOC) within the allotted project timelines. An incremental development process for the information system has been decided upon, to enable iterative improvement based on feedback from testing and demonstration to users. Mapping and alignment of the INCOSE SE Handbook Processes and PPI SE process elements to tool functionality in order to define the tool categories is a critical and challenging task. The effort to map and harmonize (where possible) systems engineering methods supported by tool functionality will result in intuitive delivery of detailed tool information to SETDB users.

Results From Expert Survey on System Analysis Process Activities

Abstract System analysis is a crucial and complex step in software engineering process, which affects the overall success of the project and quality of the project outcome. Even though Agile methods have become widely popular, these methods have no structure when it comes to requirements elicitation and specification, which can have impact on whether a project has favourable outcome. Nevertheless, regardless of the chosen approach by industry practitioners, it is important to identify, which activities are currently performed, and analyse the causes and possible issues, which are encountered. The paper presents results from expert survey on the importance of activities related to requirements elicitation, analysis and specification process and the use of tools to support this process. Delphi method, which is used to evaluate the responses, is described. Lists of activities are ranked according to importance and additional information on expert responses is given in the paper. The information can give an insight into the activities and tools that are used in the industry.

Requirements Prioritization using Risk Assessment for Analyzing Requirements

Requirements elicited from requirements elicitation session with stakeholders are usually comes in bulk and it is impossible to execute them simultaneously. In addition, the requirements elicited are unfiltered and usually low quality including ambiguous, incomplete and unclear. The low quality of requirements are then refined in the next activity which is requirements analysis in requirements engineering. This paper aims to integrate requirements prioritization techniques focused on the factor of risk in requirements analysis since the early stage of requirements engineering. It is seems to have a little evidence on that requirements prioritization focus on the factor of risk in requirements based on our conducted literature review. This paper begins with elaboration on requirements prioritization, further to the aspects of requirements prioritization, criteria for best suited technique, a literature review on requirements prioritization techniques. We then proposed a framework for requirements analysis with the integration of requirements prioritization. A case study is elaborated for a better vision on the process of the proposed approach. Finally, this study is believed to produce a better quality of requirements from the requirements analysis process.

Low-carbon product conceptual design from the perspectives of technical system and human use

Abstract Product conceptual design plays a decisive role in carbon emission of the products. Unfortunately, the traditional design methods based on carbon footprint calculation are not suitable for the conceptual design stage, and the latest low-carbon conceptual design research mainly focus on technology development to reduce carbon emissions at the manufacturing stage and less on carbon emissions caused by the unsustainable human use. This makes low-carbon product conceptual design less effective. To address this, a low-carbon conceptual design method is proposed for improving existing products, in which an improved process of requirements elicitation and analysis is implemented firstly, and then the improvement strategies are proposed from the perspectives of technical system and human use to help establish a low-carbon function structure. The conceptual design of a boiling water dispenser is taken as a case study. As a result, 5 low-carbon design strategies and a low-carbon function structure were comprehensively obtained. Next, by calculating the energy consumption of the assumed ideal scenario, it can be found that the re-designed product can save 39.4% energy compared to the existing product in the use stage. The results showed that the proposed method is effective in the generation of low-carbon design schemes at the conceptual design stage.

Development and Implementation of Electronic Disease Early Warning Systems for Optimal Disease Surveillance and Response during Humanitarian Crisis and Ebola Outbreak in Yemen, Somalia, Liberia and Pakistan.

To share lessons learned with experience in concept development of electronic disease early warning system (eDEWS) as a standardized informatic tool for optimal disease surveillance for early warning and response Network (EWARN) during humanitarian crisis. We did literature search, review and analysis to document system attributes of existing electronic tools being used for disease surveillance, early warning and health management information system (HMIS). We generated baseline information and conducted multiple planning sessions with stakeholders for EWARN system requirement elicitation and validation to inform concept development of standardized electronic tool. We identified 98 electronic health projects, classified 22 projects under 'Disease and epidemic outbreak surveillance' theme, whereas only four electronic tools met our selection criteria and were reported to be implemented in humanitarian settings complimentary to EWARN. Baseline information was obtained to guide work on requirement gathering and analysis process, and development of concept for a standardized electronic tool for EWARN. The eDEWS was enhanced with an objective to develop standardize electronic tools and data collection procedures to monitor diseases and health events for alert detection in global humanitarian settings. The enhanced system could be harnessed as a powerful tool by outbreak response teams in getting vital epidemiological information for appropriate and timely response during emergencies. eDEWS experiences in Yemen, Somalia, Liberia and Pakistan offers an opportunity to learn and apply lessons to improve future health informatics initiatives or adapt eDEWS as a feasible standardized approach to enhance EWARN implementation during humanitarian crisis, and potential integration into routine surveillance systems.