Process Of Realignment Research Articles

Electrical Conductivity and In Situ SAXS Probing of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites Under Mechanical Stretching.

Elastomers based on block copolymers can self-organize into ordered nanoscale structures, making them attractive for use as flexible conductive nanocomposites. Understanding how ordered structures impact electrical properties is essential for practical applications. This study investigated the morphological evolution of flexible conductive elastomers based on polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) block copolymers with aligned single- or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs or MWCNTs) and their electrical conductivity under large deformations. Oriented nanocomposites were obtained through injection molding and characterized using two different setups: tensile testing monitored by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and tensile testing with simultaneous electrical conductivity measurements. Our findings demonstrate that structural orientation significantly influences electrical conductivity, with higher conductivity in the longitudinal direction due to the preferred orientation of carbon nanotubes. Tensile testing demonstrated that carbon nanotubes accelerate the process of realignment of the ordered structure. As a consequence, higher deformations reduced the conductivity of samples with longitudinal alignment due to the disruption of percolation contacts between nanotubes, while in samples with a transverse alignment the process promoted the formation of a new conductive network, increasing electrical conductivity.

Bloody Flag of Anarchy: Unionism in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis by Brian C. Neumann

Reviewed by: Bloody Flag of Anarchy: Unionism in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis by Brian C. Neumann James Hill “Trae” Welborn III Bloody Flag of Anarchy: Unionism in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis. By Brian C. Neumann. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2022. Pp. xii, 216. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7690-0.) In Bloody Flag of Anarchy: Unionism in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis, historian Brian C. Neumann achieves his overarching purposes—to reframe the nullification crisis by “emphasizing the partisan conflict within South Carolina” and to restore “the state’s Union Party to the center of the story, providing insight into the hopes, anxieties, and convictions of Jacksonian-era southern Unionists” (p. 4). Neumann argues that these Unionists “viewed the Union as a fragile experiment in self-government—the last hope of liberty in a world dominated by despotism” (p. 4). This focus enables Neumann to recast larger historiographical perspectives on the coming of the Civil War, the ideological force of Unionism in antebellum America, how an idealized southern manhood shaped these dynamics, and the broader transnational context in which these ideological contests transpired. Neumann’s analysis proceeds chronologically from the “rise of radicalism” in South Carolina between 1822 and 1828 (chapter 1), through the “process of political realignment” that followed between 1828 and 1830 (chapter 2), to the proliferation of “partisanship and political violence” between 1830 and 1832 (chapter 3). The next three chapters chart the convoluted course by which radicalism transformed South Carolina’s political culture, turning the state toward proslavery sectionalism and disunion, beginning with the “nullification winter” of 1832–1833 (chapter 4) and continuing through “the test oath controversy” of 1833–1835 (chapter 5) before terminating in the consensus forged around “the politics of slavery” in 1835–1836 (chapter 6). Throughout Neumann asserts that such reframing focuses less on why the American Union collapsed beneath the strains of slavery and sectionalism and more on how it persisted through these crises as long as it did. This analysis extends perspectives previously forwarded most notably by Elizabeth R. Varon. [End Page 353] Though Neumann readily acknowledges that nullification exposed the fault lines of the Union and Unionism, he also expands on the work of Gary W. Gallagher, especially in arguing that the crisis exhibited the sustained commitment to the Union’s promise and perpetuity, even providing “a lexicon of Unionism for all future crises” (p. 7). A tension between what Neumann terms “martial manhood” and “moderate manhood” inflected both the partisan disputes between nullifiers and Unionists and dissension among Unionists. He shows that as they fought against nullification and disunion, some Unionists defended the Union as the political embodiment of “moderate manhood,” while others adopted the more aggressive “martial manhood” of the nullifiers, albeit to defend the Union rather than destroy it (pp. 7–8). Neumann’s analysis of manhood expands most directly on the gendered analyses of historians Amy S. Greenberg, Stephanie McCurry, and James Brewer Stewart. And alongside scholars of Civil War–era transnationalism such as Edward B. Rugemer, Timothy M. Roberts, Adam I. P. Smith, Ann L. Tucker, and Niels Eichorn, Neumann emphasizes how these events unfolded “against the backdrop of global history,” making frequent and pointed references to the earlier French and Haitian Revolutions as well as “a wave of liberal revolutions” in the 1830s that swept “France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, and Poland,” which lent “the crisis in South Carolina . . . [a] global significance” in the minds of its combatants (p. 8). Neumann centers the dissenting arguments of Unionists against the growing tide of radical nullifiers bent on capturing the state’s political system and wielding it toward increasingly defiant ends. Neumann rightly emphasizes that proslavery convictions and antislavery fears permeated these processes among both Unionists and nullifiers throughout. He shows that these factions only reached a formidable and, for Unionists, insurmountable consensus beginning in 1835, when South Carolinians tempered their partisanship in response to the American Anti-Slavery Society’s direct mail and petition campaigns. Neumann succinctly summarizes this trend toward radical proslavery consensus in South Carolina by highlighting that though “some state leaders worked to harness federal power to preserve and expand slavery’s reach” during...

Laboratories for Organizing People: Selected Essays on Art and Byt

Laboratories for Organizing People: Selected Essays on Art and <i>Byt</i>

ANALISIS PENANGANAN KREDIT BERMASALAH (NON PERFORMING LOAN) PADA PERUMDA BPR BANK GRESIK

This study aims to determine the handling of non-performing loans at the Perumda BPR Bank Gresik BPR. The reason for the research was to find out the number of non-performing loans that occurred in the Perumda BPR Bank Gresik over the last 5 years. The research uses descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The results of this study stated that there are many factors that cause non-performing loans such as internal bank factors, internal debtor factors and external factors of banks and debtors. The handling of non-performing loans is carried out by the Perumda BPR Bank Gresik with a process of rescheduling, requisition and realignment and is carried out by confiscating platforms from problem debtors.

Settler Worldmaking: Reconfiguring the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, 1953–62

AbstractAs soon as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formed in 1953, disgruntled white settler politicians in the new polity pushed for the reconfiguration of its borders. Driven by decolonisation struggles across Africa and a surge of anti-colonial nationalism in Nyasaland in particular, these debates were particularly vibrant among the political establishment in Southern Rhodesia, the Federation's dominant constituent. The question of Southern Rhodesia's relationship to the Federation became divisive in right-wing circles as African decolonisation unfolded. However, as the pattern of imperial retreat solidified, the right wing abandoned interest in a reconstructed Federation and unified around a “Southern Rhodesia First” mantra. The “centrist” ruling party, entangled by the Federation's extant scaffolding, was forced to eventually embrace a partition plan which closely resembled the ideas traditionally espoused by the opposition. The process of this ideological realignment had important ramifications for Southern Rhodesian politics. In particular, it facilitated the reunification of the right wing and the embrace of unilateralism that manifested most dramatically in Southern Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965.

Understanding implicit sensorimotor adaptation as a process of proprioceptive re-alignment.

Multiple learning processes contribute to successful goal-directed actions in the face of changing physiological states, biomechanical constraints, and environmental contexts. Amongst these processes, implicit sensorimotor adaptation is of primary importance, ensuring that movements remain well-calibrated and accurate. A large body of work on reaching movements has emphasized how adaptation centers on an iterative process designed to minimize visual errors. The role of proprioception has been largely neglected, thought to play a passive role in which proprioception is affected by the visual error but does not directly contribute to adaptation. Here, we present an alternative to this visuo-centric framework, outlining a model in which implicit adaptation acts to minimize a proprioceptive error, the distance between the perceived hand position and its intended goal. This proprioceptive re-alignment model (PReMo) is consistent with many phenomena that have previously been interpreted in terms of learning from visual errors, and offers a parsimonious account of numerous unexplained phenomena. Cognizant that the evidence for PReMo rests on correlational studies, we highlight core predictions to be tested in future experiments, as well as note potential challenges for a proprioceptive-based perspective on implicit adaptation.

A Comparative Analysis of the Social and Demographic Factors in Ghanaian Political Party Affiliations

ABSTRACT Since 1992, political power in Ghana alternates between the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and the New Patriotic Party (NPP). Yet beyond extrapolations from previous election results not much is known about the socio-demographic characteristics of the core membership of these two political parties. Using data from the Ghana Opinion Poll study conducted by the Centre for Policy Research and the Fredrich Ebert Stiftung, Ghana in April 2018, this study employed a multinomial logistic regression model to understand the social and demographic features around which support for the political parties in Ghana coalesced. We found that age of the respondent, education, employment, region of residence, ethnicity and religion are significant predictors of partisan affiliation. Notwithstanding the NDC’s electoral success over the years, we observe a process of political realignment that favours the NPP across most of the demographic variables analysed. The study has implications for the mobilisation and recruitment strategies of both political parties.

Volatility, Realignment and Electoral Shocks: Brexit and the UK General Election of 2019

There has been some debate as to whether the 2019 General Election was a Brexit election – even a critical election – or the continuation of long-term realignments in British Politics. In this article we argue that, while the process of realignment has its roots long-before the referendum of 2016, to properly understand the 2019 election we must recognise the interplay of long-term secular trends and the electoral shock of Brexit. We demonstrate how Brexit continued to structure electoral choices in 2019 as manifested in a crystallization of shifting electoral cleavages around social class, geography, education and age; the persistence of alternative political identities; and a reversal in electoral volatility. While these developments are consistent with the early stages of a realignment catalysed by the EU referendum in 2016, it is still too early to determine whether they should be considered a long-term critical realignment, or a temporary but very substantial interruption to politics as usual.

Neuroplasticity and non-invasive brain stimulation in the developing brain.

The brain is a dynamic organ whose growth and organization varies according to each subject's life experiences. Through adaptations in gene expression and the release of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, these experiences induce a process of cellular realignment and neural network reorganization, which consolidate what is called neuroplasticity. However, despite the brain's resilience and dynamism, neuroplasticity is maximized during the first years of life, when the developing brain is more sensitive to structural reorganization and the repair of damaged neurons. This review presents an overview of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that have increasingly been a focus for experimental research and the development of therapeutic methods involving neuroplasticity, especially Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Due to its safety risk profile and extensive tolerability, several trials have demonstrated the benefits of NIBS as a feasible experimental alternative for the treatment of brain and mind disorders in children and adolescents. However, little is known about the late impact of neuroplasticity-inducing tools on the developing brain, and there are concerns about aberrant plasticity. There are also ethical considerations when performing interventions in the pediatric population. This article will therefore review these aspects and also obstacles related to the premature application of NIBS, given the limited evidence available concerning the extent to which these methods interfere with the developing brain.

‘We Do Not Use Freezers in Syria’: Realignment and the Pursuit of Belonging Among Refugees in a Norwegian Village

In this essay, I introduce a conceptual pair consisting of Bourdieu’s doxa concept and the synchronizing concept entrainment to show how refugee resettlement entails a process of realignment. This realignment, I argue, comes as a result of how people in different locations are subject to different rhythms of everyday life, wherein the construction of normality—as a doxic reality—is produced through a quasi-perfect fit between expectations and reality. The essay explores the arrival stories of refugees in a rural municipality in Norway and presents how they through various strategies realigned their expectations with the local realities they found themselves in: thus pursuing a new doxic reality. Through the essay, I aim to give attention to the micro-processes of refugees’ integration in new communities to illustrate how they engaged with their local communities through entrainment as a process of realignment.

From Revolutionary Nationalism to Orthodox Neoliberalism : How Nafta Contributed to Push Mexico into the Right-Wing Stranglehold

A century ago, Mexico experienced a revolution blending liberal institutions with quasi-socialist principles. However, this country is today one of the bastions of neoliberalism and the political right in the world. How was this radical change possible?I will argue that this change resulted from a process that started in the 1940s, when a group of critics of the regime established a direct connection with the Austrian School of neo-classic economics. This connection resulted in the creation of a series of institutions that would promote neoliberalism as an alternative to the predominant revolutionary nationalist paradigm.A defining moment in this process was the adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the 1990s. NAFTA launched a process of massive ideological realignment; creating a new landscape in Mexico that brought the country closer to right-wing ideologies. NAFTA’s architect was Carlos Salinas, president of Mexico (1988-1994), who refashioned Mexico’s public administration to cater to the neoliberal project.This article offers evidence of this process, building both from historical record and empirical research. I will show that the roots of Mexico’s contemporary right-wing ideologies are old, a combination of bottom up and top down activism, and eventually structural; and are kept alive by persistent activism.

Retrospective assessment of a managed coastal realignment and lagoon restoration measure: the Geltinger Birk, Germany

We document and analyse the implementation process of a large combined coastal protection realignment and nature protection rewetting scheme, covering about 1000 ha at the German Baltic coast. The assessment reviews local planning documents, includes a media analysis, a tourist survey, stakeholder interviews and we provide criteria for measuring success, derived from the Systems Approach Framework (SAF) concept. The full process in the Geltinger Birk took over 25 years and was finished in 2013. The early years were characterised by strong local opposition, a polarization of the local society, misinformation and negative media coverage. Land purchase, the establishment of a local information centre with an environmental manager, improved public participation, a more pro-active media strategy and the readiness to accept compromises finally enabled a successful implementation. Today, a comprehensive tourism information and guidance system exists and the area became a popular tourist place. 80% of all visitors point out the outstanding nature experience and 87% are positive about the combined coastal protection and restoration measure. Parallel, major stakeholders changed their attitude and today are positive about the situation. However, the long timespan between initiation of the process and implementation of the measure, calls for a systematic, guided management approach, like the SAF. Especially, because climate change, sea level rise and increasing pressures on the coasts require a much faster implementation of adaptation measures in future.

Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages

ABSTRACT Introduction Patients suffering from problems related to teeth crowding and misalignment require braces for realignment and restoring of perfect teeth. This process of realignment is a long-term treatment varying from 6 to 12 months including many stages during which teeth alignments are achieved in small steps. Patients are always eager to view their futuristic teeth alignment condition at the beginning of their treatment. This requires a predictive methodology on the part of the dentist, which is achievable using software tools and finally reproducing these software-designed stages using rapid prototyping. Materials and methods Dental molds, 3D Scanner, 3D Printer, and 3D computer-aided design software, such as 3-Matic, Maestro ortho studio, 3D Orchestrate, or 3Shape ortho studio for manipulations. Results According to the quantitative analysis, average variation between the preprint and postprint is 0.32. Threedimensional (3D) printed models of these stages are within the units of 0.01 mm; hence, the rapid prototyping method supplements automation of the complete procedure of teeth alignment. Whereas, qualitative analysis of the scans after printing shows little-distorted boundaries due to which clarity has been slightly decreased but, according to the experts, this is clinically acceptable. Conclusion In this study, we provide an insight into generating different aligned stages or steps using available 3D software and further 3D printing of these stages using polylactic acid models. Clinical significance These models are expected to provide very important and tangible information related to the treatment purpose to both patients and dentists. These 3D models further provide platform for the manufacturing of customized transparent teeth aligners which are specific to the patient, better in esthetics, easy to wear, and is inexpensive than traditional teeth braces. How to cite this article Thakur N, Chaudhary N, Juneja M, Jindal P. Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages. World J Dent 2017;8(4):309-314.

Statewide Responses to a Proposed Realignment of Juvenile Corrections in Arizona

As states face shrinking budgets, new options for correctional supervision are being sought. One solution has been to shift the responsibility for custody from the state to county level through a process of realignment. The current article uses a case study methodology to examine proposed solutions and opinions of various stakeholders in juvenile justice following a 2010 announcement that the Department of Juvenile Corrections would be closed in Arizona. The findings show that the manner in which the realignment was proposed would have been a difficult model to adopt but that a well-planned and adequately funded reform would benefit juveniles and counties across Arizona.

Post-2008 British Industrial Policy and Constructivist Political Economy: New Directions and New Tensions

The article serves to introduce a number of recent changes in the practices and rationale of British industrial policy since 2008. I observe a shift towards a stronger role for the government and for agencies of industrial policy in the provision of industrial finance, and towards an increasingly discretionary and strategic approach to industrial policy intervention, both of which stand in tension with the neoliberal ‘coordinative discourse’ that continues to structure macroeconomic policy in the post-2008 context. I suggest that this tension is indicative of the emergence of two competing ‘crisis diagnoses’ in government after 2008; one reflecting the neoliberal coordinative discourse that structured economic policymaking prior to 2008, the other at odds with this neoliberal crisis diagnosis. I argue that constructivist analytical frameworks on crisis and political–economic change are insufficiently developed to accommodate these findings. I therefore reflect upon some conceptual and empirical implications that the findings raise for a constructivist analysis of economic policy in the post-2008 context in Britain, before concluding that a more contingent, contested and, crucially, incomplete process of re-alignment in the ideas that structure economic policymaking is underway in Britain than is generally acknowledged.

"I didn't feel like I was a person anymore": realigning full adult personhood after ostomy surgery.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States. For some CRC patients, cancer treatment involves creating a permanent or temporary intestinal ostomy. Having an ostomy often results in complex social and physical concerns-including unpredictable and at times publicly noticeable bowel output. In this article, we discuss findings from 30 in-depth interviews with female CRC survivors with ostomies in the western United States. We highlight how having an ostomy disrupts culturally sanctioned practices of continence that mark the attainment of full-adult personhood. We discuss how survivors reclaim a sense of full personhood after ostomy surgery through a process of realignment that entails both learning how to manage ostomy equipment to conceal bowel activity and reappraising their illness and suffering. We suggest that the anthropological categories of personhood and personhood realignment be incorporated into research and interventions aimed at increasing support among cancer survivors living with bodily impairments.

“Savages of Southern Sunshine”: Racial Realignment of the Seminoles in the Selling of Jim Crow Florida

In the late nineteenth century, white land and tourism promoters invested in the selling of Florida to American migrants and winter visitors began to recast the Seminoles. From being feared and denigrated as mixed-race killers, associated with runaway slaves, who had defied earlier US attempts to remove them to the West, the Seminoles were “realigned” by boosters into praiseworthy specimens of moral and racial purity. According to promoters, the Seminoles were now human emblems of the Florida wilderness, but also pure-blood primitives. As such, they fitted much better with the Jim Crow ideals of benign racial separation. Although neither smooth nor complete, this process of racial realignment transformed the Seminoles from terrifying threat to marketable curiosity, easing the incorporation of the Seminoles into the selling of south Florida.

Between Neoliberalism and Morality: The Muslim Conception of Development in Turkey (abstract)

Despite its crises and contestations, the market-based development model seems to be maintaining its global hegemony over and above other ‘heretical’ development models. The discursive practices and analytical categories constructing what is thinkable and expressible according to this market norm are therefore undergoing a process of realignment. This is the case of a certain form of Turkish political Islam, which, having aligned itself under a homogenising banner, has recently ‘softened’ remarkably. This chapter provides an empirical outline of political Islam’s alignment, in Turkey, with the neoliberal approach to development. From the viewpoint of moderate Islam, development is synonymous with a gradual entry into the modern market era, adjusted in accordance with a few moral imperatives. This chapter sheds light on the rise of a charity-based social model and highlights the many contradictions between economic development and moral development, with particular attention to the form of development advocated by the moderate Islamic Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) party.

Competitive Balance in College Football: Additional Analysis on the Effects of Changes in Conference

Numerous studies (Perline & Stoldt, 2007; Perline, Stoldt & Vermillion, 2012: Rhoads, 2004) have indicated that changes in college athletic conference membership at the NCAA Division I FBS level result in greater levels of competitive balance in football. The purpose of this study is to determine if member churning in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and the Big East between the years of 1999 and 2011 led to a greater degree of competitive analysis. Three methods of assessing competitive balance were employed. Two—the standard deviation of winning percentages and the Hirfindahl-Hirschman Index—are commonly used in competitive balance studies. The authors included range of winning percentages as an additional method. Results indicate that competitive balance in football improved in both conferences after changes in membership. This aligns the findings of this study with previous research and supports the contention that football is the primary consideration when conferences make changes in their membership (Fort & Quirk, 1999). 1 Stoldt et al.: Competitive Balance Published by Digital Commons @ Kent State University Libraries, 2013 Stoldt, Perline & Vermillion 131 Over the next four years, 32 institutions will change conference affiliation for football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (NCAA D-1 FBS) level (“NCAA Division I...,” 2012). The last 10 years saw 30 NCAA D-I FBS schools change conference affiliation for football (NBC Sports, n.d.). The reasons for these changes in conference membership, often referred to as member churning, are myriad, ranging from political squabbles (see, for example, the case of Texas AM Wieberg & Berkowitz, 2011) to opportunities to achieve automatic qualifier status for the now soon-to-be extinct Bowl Championship Series (see, for example, the case of Boise State as described in NewsCore, 2012). Economic considerations are often a major factor in realignment decisions (Depken II, n.d.; Mitchell, 2011; Thamel, 2011; Wieberg & Berkowitz, 2011). Further, football has been identified as the key sport in realignment decisions (Fort & Quick, 1999; Thamel, 2011; Wieberg & Berkowitz, 2011). Certainly, competitive balance is a relevant consideration in discussions about the effects of member churning. It is related to revenue maximization because of its relationship to consumer demand (Depken & Wilson, n.d; Dittmore & Crow, 2010; Humphreys, 2002; Rein, Kotler & Shields 2006; Rhoads, 2004). The uncertainty of outcome hypothesis states that fan interest (e.g., ticket sales, television viewership) is higher for games between more equally matched opponents than for games featuring mismatches. There are also ethical dimensions to competitive balance in college sports, as providing a level playing field for member institutions is one of the goals of athletic conferences (Rhoads, 2004; Staurowsky & Abney, 2011). Several studies have been conducted over the last decade examining the effects of member churning on competitive balance in conferences at the NCAA D-I FBS level. Conferences studied have included the Big XII (Perline & Stoldt, 2007), Conference USA (Perline, Stoldt & Vermillion, 2012), Mountain West (Rhoads, 2004) and Western Athletic Conference (Rhoads, 2004). In each case, analysis of competitive balance in the sport of football has indicated an improvement in competitive balance after the most recent round 2 The Journal of SPORT, Vol. 2 [2013], Iss. 2, Art. 3 http://digitalcommons.kent.edu/sport/vol2/iss2/3 Competitive Balance 132 of churning (Perline & Stoldt, 2007; Perline et al, 2012; Rhoads, 2004). Given past studies, it seems appropriate to further investigate whether increased churning leads to the same results. The purpose of this study, then, is to analyze how member churning affects competitive balance in college football for conferences at the NCAA D-I FBS level. To investigate this, we compare competitive balance in two conferences, the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and the Big East, before and after membership changes that occurred following the 2003 and 2004 seasons. After those seasons, the ACC grew from 9 to 12 teams, and the Big East welcomed six new members after the departure of four others. Such analysis is important as scholars and practitioners continue to ascertain the impact of member churning and related considerations in the sport that drives the process of realignment.

The US–Russian security ‘reset’: implications for Central-Eastern Europe and Germany

The article examines the reactions of selected European states to the US-performed ‘reset’ in relations with Russia and explores the ways in which they have been adapting to the new set-up. The article is divided into three parts: after the discussion of the substantive continuity and limited change in US foreign and security policy (USFSP), the multilateral and bilateral dimensions of USFSP procedure are examined through John Ruggie's theoretical observations. The second part of the article deals with implications of the USFSP for Central-Eastern European countries. This part begins with a discussion of Russian attempts to wheedle Europe into embracing its plans for new European security architecture. The next section sheds light on the unexpected process of strategic realignment of the region (USA/NATO/EU/CSDP) and simultaneous transformation of the special relationship with the USA into ‘normal life’. The third part of the article tackles the implications of heightened US–Russian bilateralism for Germany. Authors' findings, many of them based on conducted elite interviews, suggest the contrary process, namely Germany's strengthened multilateral commitment to the EU and specifically to European Security and Defence Policy, limiting the bilateral option to energy trade with Russia. What follows are concluding remarks.