Recategorization Process Research Articles

From Ethnic to High-End Cuisine: Recategorization and Status Change Among Restaurants in Global Cities

This article examines the strategies used by individuals within cultural fields to make a transition from previously low-status categories to high-status categories, in order to rise in the status hierarchy. Using the case of gastronomy in the global cities of London and New York, we investigate how the once strict boundary between high-end and ethnic restaurants is being breached, leading to field transformations. An analysis of the process of recategorization undertaken by chefs and restaurateurs reveals how strategies of category detachment and emulation are employed simultaneously: on the one side, to achieve a distancing from those held to be lower in the culinary hierarchy (ethnic restaurants/chefs) and, on the other side, to emulate those perceived to be above them in status (high-end restaurants). A third strategy identified is horizontal differentiation within the category – initiated by newcomers to ensure distinction and further secure their membership to the higher status category. Our analysis reveals the agency of producers in enacting status change by a focus on mainly material practices, while showing that recategorization is made possible by external societal and cultural transformations.

О семантической основе трансформаций категорий

The paper considers various types of features and categories based on their relation to the recategorization procedure. The semantic structure of such categories consists of identification basis as well as a- and b-properties where identification together with the characteristics of the a-type represent a R-neutral block, and b-properties belong to the R-active segment. The b-zone properties are connected to the cognitive coordinates in various modes, the main of which is the mode of potential realizability “may (be)…”. These are the features that underlie recategorization, they are designated as R-active. As cognitive regulators, both various categories and concepts can act, as well as bundles of a concept and a category. The essence of the recategorization process is transition of some properties of the initial category into the a-properties of the final category. During this process, some potential characteristics transform from the “may (be)…” mode in the reality mode.

Гастрокоммуникация в современном обществе: неологизмы русского языка

The article considers the reflection of modern gastronomy in the vocabulary, by the example of neologisms, of the last 5-6 years. It is revealed that the gastronomic sphere is replenished with neologisms from the sphere of public catering and is the result of mastering foreign culture, in particular, eating practices outside of their region, changing their lifestyle and/or following certain principles of “weight-reflective” culture, as well as a result of social networking. Neologization occurs both at the level of one word meaning (the process of recategorization) and the whole lexeme. It is noted that the gastronomic sphere, in addition to stylistically neutral lexemes, participates in the expression of evaluative characteristics of a person in the formation of nouns denoting persons such as vinishko (wine), / khlebushek (bread), etc. The vocabulary of the coronavirus period, characterizing the sphere in question, either denotes phenomena directly describing the current situation (zoom party), or ironically comprehending it (covidlo) or critically evaluating it (shashlychnik, shashlychnyye vykhodnyye, grechniki).

Better Attitudes toward Foreigners: Effects of Dual-Identity, Identity Fusion with the Country and Humanity

Social categorization implies a difference between “we” and “they”, motivating people to create or maintain a positive group distinctiveness, which leads to intergroup bias. The common ingroup identity model proposes that recategorization from separated subgroups into an inclusive superordinate group can reduce intergroup bias. However, further research shows that bias reduction is more likely when a dual identity is created, wherein the ingroup and superordinate identities are simultaneously salient and, thus, ingroup distinctiveness is safeguarded within this recategorization process. The present study examined the effect of dual versus common identity representations on attitudes toward foreigners, as well as the dependence of this effect on identity fusion with the country and all humanity. Participants (n = 149) were assigned to one of two conditions: Worldwide (common) Identity, and Dual-Identity. Regression analysis indicated that, relative to the worldwide identity condition, the dual-identity condition produced more positive attitudes toward foreigners: less willingness to fight, greater perceived common identity, and stronger trust. This last result was moderated by identity fusion with the country and all humanity. Findings suggest that to reduce intergroup bias, it is important that people perceive themselves as members of all humanity without having to relinquish their ingroup identity

SPEСIFIC OF PROPER NOUNS USE IN LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN

The article analyzes the structural and semantic features of proper nouns in modern works for children. The analyzed nouns are characterized by a broad representation of common vocabulary, allusiveness, internal semantics. Frequent use of nouns approached in the Ukrainian language, transparent motivation of the word, evaluation, expressed in the semantics of creative bases, use of precedent vocabulary, extremely limited process of re-categorization of tokens, etc. All given proper names thematically either duplicate those present in the child's environment, or are occasionally used tokens with transparent intrinsic motivation. Often anthroponyms and toponyms of the second group have also evaluative features in order to position the character of the work as good or bad. The proper name in the work for a child is sometimes formed according to the models available in the Ukrainian language. An anthroponym can be the name of a social role performed by a person, or the generic name of a creature in the sense of its own name. Sometimes the inconsistency of stereotypes about the creature to the purpose of the character with this name represents a conflict of the work. Those that exist in the usage can be represented as loanword, adapted through the process of calque, or as loanwords, which can be explained by the global trend towards globalization and the popularity of other languages, including English, among the Ukrainian-speaking population. The tendency to globalization is illustrated in the numerous occasionally used tokens that the authors create with the help of foreign morphs.

A ESTRATÉGIA DE (RE)CATEGORIZAÇÃO NA INTERFACE ENTRE POLIDEZ E IMPOLIDEZ LINGUÍSTICA

From the understanding that communication is established to maintain social relations and not just to inform something, many linguists have become concerned with studying the issues of politeness and impoliteness as sociated with these social manifestations of communication. In this sense, ou rresearch aimed to understand the recategorization process as na instrument of interface between polite and impolite language. From the analysis of the internal communication action promoted by the Coca-Cola company to celebrate the International LGBT Pride Day in 2017. To conduct this research, we sought to make a case study about the campaign “This Coca-Cola is Fanta. Sowhat?”. Based on the studies in the área of ”‹”‹politeness by Leech (1983), Brown and Levinson (1987), and the área of ”‹”‹gender with Butler (1990, 1993) and, in the area of ”‹”‹recategorization, with Apothéloz and Reichler-Béguelin(1995) and Jaguaribe (2007), we observed that the process of recategorization occurred in two situations: the first was in the material level from the discursive resumption of a typically offensive idiom against the LGBT group and the insertion of a new expression; The second was on the social level with the suggestion of a change in the people´s expression and attitude. Thus, we conclude that the recategorization process could not be seen, in this issue, as just a process of retaking the referent and its transformation, since, in the campaign of the soft drink brand under consideration, we realized that this process was still capable of generating a social change (beyond the pack aging of the can), thus demonstrating another level of recategorization, that is, the ability to transform a typically na impolite expression into a polite one.
 
 

El proceso de resemantización de los términos parche y chimba en el parlache

En este artí­culo se presenta el análisis del proceso de resemantización y recategorización de las piezas lexicales parche y chimba, las cuales forman parte del parlache, variedad argótica del español colombiano. Basados en el Diccionario de uso de parlache (2015) los resultados indican que la palabra parche adquiere unos nuevos significados como sustantivo, verbo pronominal y forma varias locuciones. Chimba cambia de sustantivo a verbo, se usa la parasí­ntesis para la creación léxica, en fórmulas rutinarias y locuciones verbales.

A recategorização sem menção de expressão referencial: uma estratégia argumentativa

Neste trabalho, investigamos o papel dos aspectos argumentativos imbricados no processo de recategorização sem menção de expressão referencial na análise de dois memes verbo-imagéticos que tematizam a proposta de reforma do ensino médio no Brasil. Para tanto, consideramos como fundamentos teóricos os trabalhos de Custódio Filho (2011) e Lima e Cavalcante (2015), no campo dos estudos da recategorização, e o de Pinto (2016), no âmbito dos estudos da argumentação, que propõe um conjunto de categorias para análise de gêneros persuasivos. Atentando ao universo dessa pesquisa, os resultados demonstram que as estratégias argumentativas imbricadas no processo de recategorização sem menção de expressão referencial detém um valor significativo para a construção de sentidos nos memes verbo-imagéticos.

“COM TANTA ELOQUÊNCIA, COM TANTA MENTIRA”: REPETIÇÃO E RECATEGORIZAÇÃO EM DISCURSOS DE FERNANDO COLLOR

RESUMO No presente artigo, focalizamos um tipo específico de repetição saliente nos discursos políticos de campanha de Fernando Collor de Mello quando das eleições presidenciais de 1989: os paralelismos sintáticos. A partir de um olhar qualitativo e interpretativo para esse fenômeno, e apoiados pela Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002), investigamos as funções des s a estratégia em um corpus constituído pelos três primeiros programas eleitorais levados ao ar pelo então candidato. Nossa análise sugere que os paralelismos sintáticos desempenham duas funções argumentativas importantes: de um lado, acionam um processo de recategorização de entidades conceptuais/discursivas; de outro, permitem apresentar o resultado desse processo como informação pressuposta, minimizando as chances de refutação e invisibilizando a perspectiva ideológica do que é dito. Essa lente cognitiva para os processos de construção de sentido nos permite mostrar os modos como a performance do ex-presidente atualiza certos lemas da comunicação de massa, aproximando os campos da política e do entretenimento.

“Morphological transposition” as the onset of recategorization: The case of luxe in Dutch

Abstract Category change and recategorization processes have received renewed attention in recent years. In this paper, we focus on the shift from noun to adjective on the basis of a corpus-based study of the Dutch lexical item luxe ‘luxury; luxurious’. What is particularly interesting about this case is that in some contexts luxe combines nominal and adjectival properties (e.g. een erg luxe hotel ‘a very luxury/luxurious hotel’) and displays some intersective gradience. We will investigate to what extent luxe exhibits the typical profile of an adjective in present-day Dutch by applying a specific set of synchronic criteria, in addition to a diachronic analysis of the data, and by taking into account regional variation between Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch. This detailed data analysis will allow us to examine which type of recategorization process is responsible for the N>A shift. Since the category change is not formally marked, we will examine whether we are dealing with a case of conversion (a regular morphological process of category change) or syntactic transposition (the ad hoc use of a lexical item in a syntactic context typical of another category). We will conclude that this particular type of change cannot be correctly attributed to either conversion or syntactic transposition and that a new type of category change should be considered responsible for this case and similar ones, i.e. “morphological transposition”. This process takes place within attributive compounds and is followed by a process of debonding and further context expansion.

Processos de recategorização de personagens afiliados ao universo lendário amazônico

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar processos de recategorização de personagens afiliados ao universo lendário amazônico. Tomo como referencial teórico as postulações de Koch (2004), Marcuschi (2007), Moura (2013) e Roncarati (2010), para os quais os processos referenciais ligados à (re)categorização constituem recursos por meio dos quais o produtor do texto consegue dispor de aspectos relevantes ao processo de construção de um referente. Não se trata de um simples processo de renovação lexical, mas de uma estratégia cognitivo-discursiva em que os referentes de uma cadeia textual passam a apresentar diferentes formatos. Utilizo excertos de narrativas de Boto, Cobra, Matintaperera e Curupira. Essas recategorizações se realizam por meio do estabelecimento de “novas” qualificações ou atributos para referentes.

From ‘Revolutionary’ to Contested Park. Mobilization and Conflicts in the Recategorization Process of the Nevado de Toluca National Park (Mexico)

A governmental project intending to downgrade a National Park into an Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna has encountered both scientific and legal opposition. During this recategorization period, participation has become a major issue mobilizing various groups of interest related to the Nevado de Toluca. These groups include agrarian communities living within the park and others, living in neighboring urban areas, who value the park for its material resources and its biodiversity. This paper will analyze the way this change of category has engaged territorial actors to use participation procedures to gain power over decision-making regarding the future of the protected area. In exploiting the possibilities of the law and regaining legitimacy, local communities have been able to partially redesign actors’ relationships and to regain a central actor status, leading to a renewed governance system.

The universal structure of categories: Towards a formal typology by Martina Wiltschko

Reviewed by: The universal structure of categories: Towards a formal typology by Martina Wiltschko Karen Zagona The universal structure of categories: Towards a formal typology. By Martina Wiltschko. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. 356. ISBN 9781107038516. $99 (Hb). The nature of functional categories has been a topic of long-standing interest for descriptive, typological, and theoretical linguistics. Essentially three approaches have been assumed, which differ with respect to whether the language faculty (universal grammar, or UG) provides a universal set of functional categories, and if so, whether every grammar has all of them or only a subset. The ‘variationist’ approach posits that languages may vary arbitrarily in their grammatical categories (Comrie 1976, Jespersen 1932); this is assumed to be possible without limiting the expressive power of the language because there are alternative ways of communicating the information that is carried by functional elements. The (strong) ‘universalist’ position assumes as a working hypothesis that grammars are essentially invariant, which implies that all functional categories that are available in UG are present in every grammar. This is the approach adopted in Cinque 1999 and in an extensive body of research in the ‘cartographic’ research program.1 A weaker universalist position claims that only a subset of the functional categories that are available in UG are present in any individual grammar. There has been lively debate in the literature over the past decade or more, both about the universality of individual functional categories and about the nature of crosslinguistic variation. Martina Wiltschko’s monograph presents a new approach to these questions, combining elements of the variationist approach (there is no universal [End Page 744] inventory of functional categories) with a new proposal for a different type of universal: a class of functional elements that are themselves devoid of substantive content (such as definiteness, number, tense, or aspect) but that provide the basis for constructing functional categories in individual languages. The claims are thoughtfully developed and are illustrated with data from a variety of languages. The centerpiece of the discussion is in-depth analyses of Halkomelem and Blackfoot, languages that have been studied extensively by W and collaborators (Ritter 2014, Ritter & Rosen 2010, Ritter & Wiltschko 2009, 2014, among others), and supporting evidence is drawn from comparisons with a number of other languages. W begins by stating the principal issues for a theory of functional categories: whether or not they are universal, and if they are not, in what ways they differ across languages. W also raises a methodological issue: since syntactic categories need to be motivated on distributional grounds, the fact that most category diagnostics are language-specific poses a methodological problem: that is, how is it possible to ensure that crosslinguistic comparisons are in fact comparisons of the same category? W’s proposals are introduced in Chs. 1–3. Ch. 1 argues that there are two language-independent tests for grammatical categories. One test is the existence of ‘multi-functionality’, such as the occurrence of perfect have in English alongside possessive have. W notes that, although these phenomena are usually analyzed either as accidental homophony or are attributed to grammaticalization paths, their similarity across languages implies that they reflect a universal process of recategorization. W incorporates this generalization into her approach, claiming that all functional categories are formed in particular grammars by processes of (re)categorization. The outcome of this process is that a category label mediates between the item (have, for example) and an interpretation. The nature of this process is discussed in Chs. 2 and 3, to which I return below. The second language-independent diagnostic is based on patterns of contrast in the value of features. In English, the morphological alternation between plural -s and its absence corresponds to a semantic alternation. In Halkomelem, the plural/∅ morphological alternation does not correspond to a semantic alternation. A zero-marked nominal may be either singular or plural in interpretation. W argues that the difference is based on whether plural marking is realized as a functional category. If it is, then the category will have semantic values regardless of the absence of morphological marking. If the language does not have the category Number, then the absence of overt marking is...

El papel de la percepción en el yeísmo: Estudio preliminar con jueces catalanohablantes

Yeismo , as a change in progress in the Spanish phonological system, has been studied from various perspectives, especially from dialectology and articulatory phonetics. However, the role of the listener in its origins and spread has been scarcely analysed. In fact, it is necessary to focus on the side of the listener to detect if the articulatory similarity of sounds [ʎ] and [j] can be perceptively ambiguous and, thus, confounded. The present work wants to examine this topic in order to determine how the innovative neutralization could initiate. With this purpose we have carried out a perception study which consisted of three different tests: the first one worked as control test and the other two were used to find out if the change could be related to signal reception problems or to opacities in the input segmentation. In these experiments, we have used samples from a Spanish speaker who upholded /ʎ/ and /ʝ/ distinction (second test) and from a yeista speaker (third test). Despite our concern is to analyse the dephonologization of /?/ in Spanish, there is an important obstacle to achieve our goal: it is quite difficult to find Spanish speakers that do preserve the phonological distinction between /ʎ/ and /ʝ/ in the same way Spanish system once did. Therefore, we must rely on compared grammar: the judges of the perception tests were 20 Catalan speakers, a language that keeps this phonological contrast. The results display that 30 % of the stimulus from Spanish speakers were misinterpreted. In addition, data suggest that the presence of an adjacent palatal vowel and the occurrence in an unstressed position may favour the confusion and, hence, the recategorization process.

Communicative Behaviour Retrospective Patterns Among Students During Lab Practice

The aim of this work is to detect the existence of communicative interaction patterns among Biology students during lab practice. This, based on the analysis of the conversations held among them. Observational methodology was used. An iterative and detailed category system thoroughly was developed as an observation tool, and was later put through a process of re-categorization. A total of six sessions were observed; each one lasting one hour. The intercessional sequential analysis was used with the aid of the program SDIS-GSEQ. The results show that it is highly important for the students the use of question-answer (IAE) in its different modalities: first, in probability of occurrence, are the categories of Persuading and Proposing, the next significant sequential probabilities are: Evaluating, Confirming, and Confusing; followed in sequential occurrence order by: Arguing, Classifying, Correcting, Clarifying, and Suggesting. Last in sequential inhibitory occurrence are: Creating an Opinion, Directing, and Evaluating. These are the particular ways in which students encourage participation during lab practice, opening their minds to their classmates’ feedback, leading to questions and answers that create new discussion topics and increase learning opportunities.

Recategorization into the In-group

This study advances a recategorization perspective to explain how an increasing number of directors have successfully obtained major board appointments and played important roles on boards despite their demographic differences from incumbent directors. We theorize and show that existing directors tend to select a demographically different new director who can be recategorized as an in-group member based on his or her similarities to them on other shared demographic characteristics. We further explain how a new director’s prior social ties to existing directors strengthen this recategorization process and posit that recategorization increases demographically different directors’ tenures and likelihood of becoming board committee members and chairs. Results from analyses of Fortune 500 boards from 1994 to 2006 provide strong support for our theory. This study suggests that increased board diversity on some demographic characteristics is associated with reduced diversity on others. It also suggests that some demographic characteristics, such as gender and ethnicity, would be more salient during the recategorization process than other characteristics. As a result, female and ethnic minority directors would need to be more similar to incumbents along shared dimensions than other demographically different directors (such as a young director) for them to be recategorized into the in-group.

Detection of Single Behavior Patterns from Software Sdis-Gseq

The proposal of this work is to detect the existence of patterns of interactive sequential discursive behavior in three single woman Mexican adults from prospective analysis of the interview between them and the interviewer. The methodology used was observational. It was developed iteratively and thorough, a category system as an instrument of observation, and then it was underwent a recategorization process. The number of sessions observed were 3, of 3 hours duration each one. Intersessional sequential analysis was used through the SDIS-GSEQ software. Thus we first, in probability of occurrence, are the categories of Worry and Self determination, the next significant Uncomprehending, and Heterosatisfaction; followed in sequential occurrence order by: Myself, Hetero realization, Paradox, and Auto realization. Last in sequential inhibitory occurrence are: For others, and Incomprehending. Finally, the categories that are inhibitory occurrence probabilistically negative are: My self, self-understanding. Finding that these women are learning to live for themselves within a process of emancipation from their families and social structures.

Detection of Communicative Behavior Patterns AMONG College Students during Lab Practice

The aim of this work is to detect the existence of communicative interaction patterns from the conversations among Biology students during lab practice. Observational methodology was used by creating a category system as an observation tool, and continuing with a process of re-categorization. A total of six sessions were observed and each one last one hour. It was used a software called SDIS-GSEQfor the inter-sessional sequential analysis. The results highlight that it is important for the students the use of question-answer (IAE) in its different modalities: in probability of occurrence, first are the categories of Persuading and Proposing, the next significant sequential probabilities are: Evaluating, Confirming, and Confusing; followed in sequential occurrence order by: Arguing, Classifying, Correcting, Clarifying, and Suggesting and lasting in sequential inhibitory occurrence are: Creating an opinion, Directing, and Evaluating. These are the particular ways in which students encourage their participation during laboratory practice, opening their minds to their classmates’ feedback, which invites them to revalue their initial questions and answers and encourages new discussion topics and increase learning opportunities.

Recategorização e construção do sentido em textos multimodais

Embora existam estudos sobre elementos multimodais há mais de uma década na Linguística, apenas nos últimos cinco anos a Linguística de Texto passou a levar em consideração recursos semióticos distintos do verbal em suas análises textuais/discursivas. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como recursos multimodais podem também ser tratados como expressões referenciais que recategorizam objetos do discurso. Para isso, investigou-se um corpus de dez textos multimodais que foram publicados em sites de rede social e em sites humorísticos e que tinham como característica recategorizarem o referente. Os resultados apontam que os elementos visuais pertencentes à composição de textos multimodais também são fulcrais para a construção do sentido do texto, de maneira que muitas vezes são eles os responsáveis pelo processo de recategorização.

The conservation success over time: Evaluating the land use and cover change in a protected area under a long re-categorization process

The Brazilian state has demonstrated an interest in preserving the natural heritage by expanding Brazil's system of protected areas (PAs), well-known internationally. Even so, as in other countries, despite a growing number of conservation initiatives, the state often opts to change a PA's management category into one less restrictive due to the population conflicts regarding to the land use. However, management category changes occur without there being any evaluation of the effects of the subsequent legal status, that is, of its ability to produce the anticipated result, to enable better direction of public policies and conservation initiatives. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to measure the conservation success of a PA, comparing its land use and cover change over time in different management categories. The study area was the Despraiado region (São Paulo, Brazil), which belonged to three PA management categories over 45 years and was subject to environmental protection under various legal instruments. The effectiveness of legal protection was interpreted by spatial changes in land use, or land use and cover changes, as well as crop rotation indices and analysis of the temporal stability of the landscape. We confirmed that the legal environmental restrictions were never fully complied with and the landscape observed remained distant from its conservation scenario proposed, independently of the PA management category and despite the long process of establishment as an area to be protected.