Newsgathering Process Research Articles

Perspectives on drone journalism in Turkiye: Journalists' views on the use of drones

The subject of this study is the role of drone journalism as a new field within journalism. Drone journalism has emerged due to the rapid development of new communication technologies, making it crucial to define the role of drone technology in journalism. This study aims to investigate journalists' perspectives on drone technology and its effects on their professional lives. The research examines how journalists use drone technology, its contributions to their journalistic processes, and the challenges they face in detail. A qualitative paradigm was adopted for this study, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews within a phenomenological design. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. Due to resource and time constraints, the study was limited to 11 journalists working in Türkiye. The findings indicate that the use of drones in journalism is perceived positively for facilitating access, providing bird's-eye view imagery, enhancing aesthetic visuals, reducing physical and material risks in the news-gathering process, increasing the attractiveness of news, promoting objective journalism, and creating new employment opportunities. However, the findings also reveal concerns regarding the violation of personal data protection, privacy, and the boundaries between public and private domains. As a result of these findings, it can be concluded that there are debates about the meaning and use of drone journalism in the industry and that theoretical, practical and legal advances are needed. This study has limitations in terms of research methodology, sampling technique and size. Future research could be improved with new studies that are larger in scale and focus specifically on female drone journalists.

“Scooped by the Town Drunk”: Unpacking the Effects of COVID-19 on Rural Journalism Work

Journalists serving rural communities are crucial sources of information across the U.S.; they also face challenges and opportunities unlike those of their peers at large urban outlets. In this study, we take the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to examine how these journalists define their group identities. We focus on local news creators to ask: How has COVID-19 influenced the identities of small-town and rural journalists in the U.S.? Using an approach informed by actor-network theory and social identity theory, we analyze interviews conducted during the height of the pandemic with 35 rural and small-town journalists across the Midwest, Appalachia, and Gulf South regions to understand the effects of COVID-19 on journalistic identities. We find that the pandemic disrupted the newsgathering process, depunctualizing it in a way that highlighted the centrality of relationships to the rural journalist’s identity. First, by physically distancing journalists from their sources, COVID-19 highlighted the importance of in-person connections. Second, by increasing the amount of contentious news available to report on, COVID-19 highlighted the tension between preserving news values and protecting community relationships. Our findings highlight the far-reaching effects of one actant in a network and the ways journalists in crisis situations negotiate conflicting pressures.

Analisis Hukum dan Etika terhadap Tanggung Jawab PERS di Masyarakat Indonesia

The text discusses the rules and ethics of journalism, focusing on guiding individuals or groups in managing the behavior of the press, broadcasting, and mass media from the process of news gathering, writing, composition, and dissemination. The research methodology used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to determine the most appropriate method. The research applies three stages: planning, implementation, and analysis of the results, which analyze the results of the Literature Review conducted by the author. Based on the research results and discussions regarding the analysis of Indonesian press law and ethics in being accountable for press coverage that can trigger conflicts in society, it can be concluded that reporting that can trigger conflicts in society is through the right of reply (Article 5 paragraph [2] Press Law) and the right of correction (Article 5 paragraph [3] Press Law).

Дронның журналистикада қолданылуы: мүмкіндіктер мен шектеулер

The field of journalism has not been spared from the rapid development of technology. With the development of communication technologies, traditional journalism has been transformed. In the past, news was produced by media and consumed by the masses. However, the advent of drones has led to the emergence of citizen journalism as an alternative source of information in the news gathering process. Considered the «eyes in the air» of journalists, drones are offering new opportunities for both citizen journalists and large media companies. Drones have a great physical advantage in that they can display the area of damage spread in disasters such as fires, earthquakes, floods, the scale of events on battlefields, sporting events and concerts. It also creates conditions for quick access to the journalist's news and informative publication. However, the dangers posed by drone technology in areas such as national security, public health and safety, personal life and public safety, as well as legal and ethical issues, cannot be ignored in addition to expanding the possibilities of journalistic reporting. This article analyzes the new breath and contribution that the use of drones has brought to journalism, as well as its possibilities and limitations

Utilizing Special Language in Street Crime Newsgathering in Indonesia

This article describes the newsgathering process among the crime journalist community in West Java, which involves the use of special symbolic languages. Using the ethnographic method, the study was conducted to collect data related to the practice of using special language, especially how crime journalists interpret it and how it functions for their profession. The results have shown that special language is not only used in the newsgathering process but also in daily interactions with fellow community members and police officers as news sources. As a result, the special language used consists of both abstract and concrete symbols. Abstract symbols encompass verbal and nonverbal forms that are embodied in numeric, phonetic, and cosmic codes. Meanwhile, concrete symbols are related to how they dress and use equipment, and how all these attributes represent them as crime journalists. This is related to the functions of special language, namely as a means of distinguishing themselves from other journalist groups. In addition, this special language also serves as a form of identity manipulation, allowing them to take on the role of the police in information gathering.

Konvergensi Jurnalistik Tabloid Metrolima Depok di Era Pandemi Covid-19

The MetroLima tabloid has converged by combining two media from print media with internet-based technology, thus creating a new identity, namely MetroLima.Com and MetroLima TV, as well as YouTube and Instagram channels. This step was taken to face business competition and the demands of the times which are all technology-based and of course will adapt to the digital industry. The purpose of this research is to find out how the convergence in the MetroLima Tabloid maintains print media in the current digital era by using technogenic practices in the media amid the Covid-19 pandemic, and how journalistic convergence is applied to the MetroLima tabloid. This study uses a qualitative approach method. Data collection techniques by observation and interviews as well as documentation, the selected informants are editor-in-chief and readers. The results of the study show the newsrom 3.0 convergence model where the news gathering process and content are carried out by one journalist and then to be distributed to all MetroLima Depok tabloid platforms, MetroLimaNews and MetroLima TV as well as MetroLima Depok tabloid social media. The newsroom model is to streamline human resources and summarize work mechanisms. MetroLima tabloid performs convergence using E Grant's theory which refers to 3 dimensions of convergence.

Googling it: While news search results can affect newsrooms’ perception of social issues, journalists mainly rely on it for complementary information

This article investigates the ramifications of search engine algorithms for journalism practice and its professional commitment to serving the public interest. Taking a discipline-transcending approach that combines quantitative data analysis with an exploration of the social forces shaping knowledge production in journalism, we examine a case study involving New Zealand media’s coverage of economic recession. This inquiry addresses the question of how journalists navigate the terrain of algorithms and respond to the challenges posed by programme-based news production in relation to their professional norms. Our study highlights the significant role of search engines, particularly Google, in shaping the journalistic newsgathering process and, consequently, public understanding of social issues. The computer-assisted analysis of Google’s ‘recession’ news selection revealed distinct patterns in the distribution of news content and geographical bias towards the United States within the selection algorithm. Ethnographic research at one Auckland newsroom revealed that Google Search is a fundamental tool for journalists, albeit used primarily for basic information-gathering and fact-checking rather than in-depth investigative work.

The Course of the Information from the Action to the Public Mind. How Computers Influence Information Selection?

For hundreds of years, the news values have remained unchanged. There was a particular and unchanged process of transforming the information in the news. The data was gathered by reporters, turned into the news by the editors, and published by the editor in chiefs. The selection criteria appear to be the same, but the distribution has changed with technological developments. This paper tries to identify the changes in the process of gathering information, news selection, and news broadcasting. We will analyze how the roles have changed and how the new news values appear. In addition, it is essential to examine the ranking of the news val-ues influenced by the digital platforms. We will examine the role of new technology in infor-mation gathering and news diffusion. The paper will explain how roles changes affect news values. Based on the theory, we will see how the new technology influences the newsgathering process and how it influences the persons involved.

When Algorithms Recommend What’s New(s): New Dynamics of Decision-Making and Autonomy in Newsgathering

Newsroom innovation labs have been created over the last ten years to develop algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) that suggest and summarise what news is. Although these ANRs are still in an early stage and have not yet been implemented in the entire newsroom, they have the potential to change how newsworkers fulfil their daily decisions (gatekeeping) and autonomy in setting the agenda (agenda-setting). First, this study focuses on the new dynamics of the ANR and how it potentially influences the newsworkers’ role of gatekeeping within the newsgathering process. Second, this study investigates how the dynamics of an ANR could influence the autonomy of the newsworkers’ role as media agenda setters. In order to advance our understanding of the changing dynamics of gatekeeping and agenda-setting in the newsroom, this study conducts expert interviews with 16 members of newsroom innovation labs of<em> The Washington Post</em>,<em> The Wall Street Journal</em>, <em>Der Spiegel</em>, the BBC, and the Bayerische Rundfunk (BR) radio station. The results show that when newsworkers interact with ANRs, they rely on suggestions and summaries to evaluate what is newsworthy, especially when there is a “news peak” (elections, a worldwide pandemic, etc.). With regard to the agenda-setting role, the newsworker still has full autonomy, but the ANR creates a “positive acceleration effect” on how certain topics are put on the agenda.

Journalism Idealists: Influences on Freelancers in the Foreign News-gathering Process

ABSTRACT Economic strains and the emergence of new digital platforms have significantly changed the way foreign news is reported. In particular, freelancing has played a vital role in how legacy news outlets produce foreign news. This study used semi-structured interviews (N = 11) with freelance journalists working for Anglophone news media to examine freelancing in the context of foreign news reporting. The findings show that although many freelancers experience employment precarity and face financial hardships, they enjoy a high level of autonomy in terms of scheduling, networking, sourcing, and choosing which locations to cover. These journalists also embrace widely accepted journalistic norms, such as truthfulness, fairness, and journalistic distance, in their reporting. However, they also challenge some Westernized topics and framings, and because most perceive the foreign news coverage in traditional media as superficial, they fulfill their journalistic mission by pursuing human-interest stories and privileging local voices. In doing so, these freelancers represent foreign journalism idealists who strive to bring a human face to foreign news stories and enhance the depth of foreign news coverage.

Narrative transparency and credibility: First–person process statements in video news

Journalism critics have argued that transparency about the reporting process is an ethical imperative. Convergence offers news organizations opportunities for changed writing styles that may foster more transparency, especially as they embrace video storytelling. This project used two experiments to investigate the impact of transparent language on the way online news consumers perceive the credibility of video news reports. The study operationalized transparency in narrative as the use of first-person statements and references to the newsgathering process. Subjects noticed transparency statements but this had no significant effect on their assessment of the credibility of a story or reporter. The results suggest that transparency is a distinct variable with a complicated relationship to other audience effects.

Implementasi Program Analisis Monitoring Berita Di Diskominfotik DKI Jakarta

The background of this research is the News Monitoring Analysis (AMB) program held by the DKI Jakarta Province Diskominfotik. This program is a new product at the DKI Jakarta Diskominfotik. Thus, the objectives of this study are: To analyze the implementation of the News Monitoring Analysis Program (AMB) in the management of print media news at the DKI Jakarta Information and Communications Communications and Statistics Agency (Diskominfotik) on Tuesday, September 1, 2020. The method used is a qualitative research method by observing News Monitoring Analysis Program (AMB) on managing print media news. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative method. The data used are primary and secondary data. The primary data collection method is by conducting interviews. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the News Monitoring Analysis (AMB) program in the management of print media news starts from the process of news gathering, news selection, news processing and news analysis. Print media news collected in the AMB Program has been digitized apart from being a website. Thus, the suggestion from the results of this study is that DKI Jakarta Diskominfotik represented from the AMB Program develops an application in the Google Playstore and Apple App Store, so that print media news in the AMB program can be more easily accessed with news information with the appropriate display on mobile phones.

Anticipatory witnessing: military bases and the politics of pre-empting access

ABSTRACT As part of their newsgathering process, journalists often seek access to places owned or controlled by the government, such as military bases. In the United States, the military has rigorously limited journalists’ access to military bases, operations, and personnel, but the logics invoked by the government actors who decide whether journalists should be allowed, for the sake of a story, to see what happens on military bases often remain unknown. Drawing on archival research, I introduce what I call anticipatory witnessing, the use of analytical techniques to identify a priori certain people, such as media practitioners, whom state actors foresee will draw on specific elements of professionalism, credentialism, and objectivity in conveying what they have seen to their audiences. The notion of anticipatory witnessing encompasses a form of organizational vetting that is attuned to the specific social, cultural, political, and legal dimensions of those who see and subsequently speak. To engage in anticipatory witnessing is therefore to attempt to limit not just what is seen but who sees it. By analyzing practices adopted by military servicemembers at Guantánamo Bay, I demonstrate the ways in which cross-institutional communications preceding journalists’ arrival reveal elements of anticipatory witnessing, including efforts to imagine how specific rhetoric, technologies, modes of address, and partnerships might damage the reputation of the US security state. Anticipatory witnessing thus considers the logics invoked and constellations of stakeholders responsible for limiting access to tightly controlled spaces, such as military bases.

News in Social Media

Social network sites are becoming essential to how people experience news. The social media feed is made up of a mixture of private and public postings, and news is intertwined with all sorts of activities. What people are exposed to partly depends on the behaviour of their fellow networkers. Drawing on theories of opinion leaders and the concept of incidental news consumption, this article examines news-gathering on social media using a combination of representative survey data and qualitative interviews with young people aged 16–19. Regression analysis of the survey data reveals the primary factor explaining use of news on social media is the habit of using online news services. Interest in news and age also contribute to this phenomenon. The qualitative study reveals that interviewees’ news consumption through social networks is frequent. While incidental, they nonetheless seem to count on being informed through this medium. There is a widespread presence of opinion leaders in the respondents’ social media feeds, bringing attention to news they otherwise would have missed, and just as important, delivering interpretation and context. The study also indicates that these opinion leaders are perceived as central or even crucial to the news-gathering process.

Looking After Ibrahim

This paper considers how journalistic practices have evolved as news producers learn the importance of ensuring trusted individuals gathering content on the ground are kept safe. This research, in particular, focuses on the relationship between BBC journalists and those producing content and information in Syria to whom there is a duty of care. Drawing on interviews with BBC news journalists, this study finds that relationships with citizen journalists and social media literate activists have become more networked and complex over the past five years. Contributors have become trusted sources of content and intelligence, and journalists have at times encouraged eyewitnesses to participate in the newsgathering process. For an international broadcaster this poses challenges, both ethical and physical. Journalists must navigate the path between ensuring high-value information and content can be accessed while maintaining a rapport with people operating in a conflict zone. Journalists must fulfil their duty of care to these individuals, ensuring their safety in a country which is one of the most dangerous in the world to report from. Findings indicate a change in approach by news producers in terms of engagement with citizen journalists covering Syria. These changes in working practices are based on experience gained over 10 years where journalists have interacted with citizen journalists and eyewitnesses in breaking news situations across the globe. From the perspective of the journalist, a critical apparatus has also been developed to ensure links with citizen journalists can continue and flourish while minimising risks and challenges to both parties.

The Power of Community to Engage and Constrain Journalism

With participatory approaches to journalism being lauded as the latest innovation of American journalism, what was once seen as rebellious has become a best practice. adoption of citizen-engaged practices, often referred to as participatory media, may signify a transformative moment in the history of news. result may very well be a return to a style of journalism envisioned by scholars like James Carey, who called for a more humble journalism in which news organizations see themselves as facilitators in a culture's conversation about itself.In his 2015 book Engaged Journalism: Connecting With Digitally Empowered News Audiences, Jake Batsell documents how newsrooms are implementing journalistic routines that attempt to entice audiences into participating in the creation of information. An entire niche industry of journalism is springing up around the premise of engaging with the audience. Hearken, for example, is an entrepreneurial venture that has built a technology that allows news organizations to engage with the audience throughout the newsgathering process. Fueled by unprecedented disruption, U.S. media giants have begun to institute participatory approaches as a way to gain relevance to their shrinking audience. In 2014, the media giant Gannett Co. announced a massive restructuring of its newspapers, slashing jobs as it moved toward digital-first environments and news coverage that have evolved out of focus group work with audiences. Gannett newsrooms have been mandated to see themselves as information hubs that invite citizens to be part of the conversation both in person and online.However, many of the ideas being touted as new and innovative are neither. Engaged relationships with audiences have always been the essence of journalism. Analysis of journalism oriented toward a particular group of which the journalist is a member reveals both the opportunities and the constraints of community-oriented news. As a social force, community's power should not be underestimated nor romanticized. Michael Clay Carey's case study of Budget should thus give pause to those who, first, want to describe the participatory media landscape as a new innovation, and, second, want to credit technology with fomenting a revolution.Carey examines the national edition of a 126-year-old, print-only newspaper named Budget. publication is filled with content produced solely by citizen correspondents, volunteer writers called scribes, who share simple accountings of the goings-on of life in Amish and Mennonite communities nationwide. correspondent-produced newspaper relies on the citizen to participate both as the producer and consumer of content, with the journalist serving simply (humbly, James Carey might say) as a facilitator of this conversation. Budget is a place where this community, bound by a common set of fundamental beliefs, creates a shared meaning. Carey concludes that this participatory newspaper connects a primordial of likeminded people: The newspaper serves as a virtual space where 'over-the-back-fence' conversations take place among family members and former neighbors separated by hundreds of miles. Carey uses Benedict Anderson's vision of the imagined community to describe how Budget joins together a national audience of Amish readers who participate in the mass ritual of reading, which reinforces core, central beliefs and creates a sense of familiarity among strangers among Amish people.Clay Carey shows why some describe Budget as the Facebook of the Amish. Of course, one of the more intriguing findings derived from Carey's work is that the engaged relationship described here happens without the use of online technology. Indeed, many in the Amish eschew technology or outside relationships that might distract from living a life focused on faith.Carey concluded that for Budget, this occurs with submissions that focus on four major themes: community, tradition, worship, and differentiation from outsiders. …

Helping Syrians Tell Their Story to The World

This article explores network journalism (connective journalism) and shows how citizen journalists in Syria are trained and supported through the network journalism model. The article applies three major concepts of connective journalism: engagement with social networks, negotiation, and maintaining a connection with norms and values of journalism, and suggests a fourth aspect: protection. Through a case study of the newsgathering and mentoring process leading up to stories being posted on the Damascus Bureau website (damascusbureau.org), a news site dedicated to publishing the stories of Syrian citizen journalists, we show that connective journalism is a viable model for citizens to tell their community’s story to each other and the world.

‘Being the bridge’: News fixers’ perspectives on cultural difference in reporting the ‘war on terror’

This article examines some of the cultural differences between news ‘fixers’ and foreign reporters, focusing specifically on the expectations and experiences of the fixers, rather than the correspondents whose own perspectives have already been fruitfully explored. Drawing upon qualitative, semi-structured interviews I conducted with 21 news fixers, I will answer three research questions: (1) How do fixers understand and value the work they do? (2) How do fixers view the cultural, ethnic, or racial differences that inevitably play into the professional relationships between local news staff and foreign news outlets? (3) How do these cultural differences impact the safety of foreign correspondents and fixers, most especially at sites of conflict? The study ultimately shows that fixers take issue with foreign journalists’ lack of background on the countries they visit and with journalists’ lack of attention to disparate cultural mores in the newsgathering process. Furthermore, the inattention to cultural difference in the field can endanger the lives of the foreign reporters as well as the lives of the fixers.

Het journalistieke brongebruik in tijden van churnalism en Twitter

Journalistic sourcing practices in times of churnalism and Twitter: a survey of Flemish professional journalists (2008-2013) Journalistic sourcing practices in times of churnalism and Twitter: a survey of Flemish professional journalists (2008-2013) In order to assess the impact of cost-cutting, digitalization and globalization on journalistic sourcing practices, we report the results of a large-scale and longitudinal survey among Flemish journalists. The findings show that pre-packaged content from a journalistic (news agencies and media brands) and non-journalistic origin (press releases), and elite actors (politicians, government institutions, experts, journalists and corporations) are important information sources. In contrast with often heard complaints about unequal news access, the findings nonetheless show that Flemish journalists acknowledge the importance of ordinary citizens and NGOs as news sources. The responses to the questionnaire moreover point to the development of new sourcing practices: Flemish journalists are increasingly turning towards social media in the news gathering process but overall the importance of Facebook, Twitter and the like as a news source remains fairly limited.

Citizen journalism: a primer on its evolution

Citizen journalism is a concept in media that has enabled people to participate in journalistic activities. Citizens who are not journalists by profession actively contribute to the process of news gathering. It is the advent of information and communication technologies that is believed to have made citizen journalism more accessible to people across the globe. With increasing prevalence of cellular phones, digital cameras, computer and Internet, many ordinary people nowadays are covering news and circulating it globally within no time. Citizen journalism is generally seen as a new trend in journalism. It is said to have emerged with the technological innovations of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. But as a matter of fact, citizen journalism has a history older than professional journalism. It is just that internet and new media technologies have accelerated the pace of citizen journalism, otherwise it was always there. The paper traces the history of citizen journalism globally and aims to find out as to how and from where did it emerge?