Process Of Justification Research Articles

The economophysical model of the propagation of innovation: the Ising model

The process of technical and economic justification of investment, analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of innovation requires a tool for describing and modeling the process of distribution of technology in the industry. The work presents a model of propagation of innovation involving physical approaches, describing the market saturation point, i.e. the point at which the exponential growth of the innovation propagation speed is replaced by the logarithmic growth. The object of the study is the propagation of innovation, and the subject is the development of the market saturation point functional. The authors justified the implementation and described the approach to modeling of the process of saturation of the market with innovation by the physical Ising model. The value of the Ising model’s toolkit is presented by the Curie point in ferromagnets which characterizes the second order phase transition. The article presents the mathematical model of the compliance of physical parameters with economic ones: the amount of inter-company influence, barriers to implementation and breakthrough of innovation. The authors adduce the discussion of the limitations and applicability of this model as well as further potential directions of study of economophysical models. The tools developed by the authors can be used in all sectors of economics to improve their innovation activity level.

Development of an intelligent assistant for selection of goods in the process of dialogue with the user

This article is devoted to the development of methods for creating intelligent assistants. Intelligent assistants can be used in call centers to solve customer problems, to solve technical support tasks, to help people with disabilities, to help in choosing goods, etc. We consider intelligent assistants that engage in argumentative dialogue with users, aimed at finding goods and services that maximally satisfy users’ wants and needs. The development of the intelligent assistant is based on a four-level model of the subject domain and a semantic model of the user. The system under development automates the process of search and decision justification through the reuse of domain cases: accumulated knowledge about previous dialogues with users. This gives the system we developed an advantage over existing analogues, which are incapable of reusing knowledge about previous dialogues. The paper develops a case-based approach to building an intelligent system capable of reasoning about its responses. For this purpose, an argumentation graph is constructed, methods for structuring domain cases are developed, and ontological homomorphisms are used to transform the available domain cases into a finished solution. A description of model-theoretical methods for constructing intelligent assistants is presented. The cases of goods, users and dialogues of an intelligent assistant with users are formally described in the form of partial models. The transformation of domain cases and similarity of cases are formalized using ontological homomorphisms of partial models. The purpose of the developed dialogue system is not only to select a solution according to the user’s request, but also to find out the tasks that the user is going to solve, to analyze his argumentation, and then to justify the proposed solution to the user, to show that this particular product or service will be able to meet his needs.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТРАНСПОРТЕРА ДЛЯ ВЫГРУЗКИ КОРНЕПЛОДОВ ОВОЩНЫХ КУЛЬТУР И КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ИЗ ХРАНИЛИЩА

The need to develop specialized machines and equipment for laboratory and field research on potato breeding is due to the fact that the methodology of breeding processes and the first stages of seed production involves comparing many plants of different origins and selecting the best for further work up to the creation of a new variety or transfer of seeds for propagation in production conditions. The large variability of machines for unloading vegetables and potatoes does not adequately prevent damage to vegetable and potato products, which is due to the imperfect design of such machines, including the imperfection or absence of patterns of automated control of the technological process of work and justification of the parameters of their working parts. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the conveyor for unloading vegetable crops and potatoes into storage and to determine the patterns of formation of the control signal of the transfer function of automatic control of operation. The power required to move the pick-up depends on the maximum pressure force of introducing the intake element into the embankment, the mass of the pick-up and the rolling resistance coefficients of the running wheels of the pick-up and transport sections. The length of the unloading conveyor of the machine is determined by the reserve zone to prevent wheels from hitting the tubers, their maximum difference in the embankment, the height of the layer, as well as the angle of inclination of the unloading conveyor. The width of the conveyor belt for unloading products from storage is determined by the values of the coefficient of friction of root crops on the surface of the belt, the coefficient of working time utilization and the forward speed of the conveyor belt. After removing the collapsed mass of tubers, the line of crumbling slopes and the limiting equilibrium are a straight line, characterized by an empirical equation for determining the coordinates of the tuber collapse point, the height of the tuber layer and the embankment collapse coefficient. When the feeder tubers are introduced into the surface of the embankment, the formation of slopes occurs in four stages: the formation of a natural slope, a limiting equilibrium slope, a shedding slope and a product collapse slope.

Theoretical and legal mechanism for evaluating the results of regulatory influence in the agricultural sector

The article examines specific issues of the effectiveness of legislative regulation of evaluating the results of regulatory influence as an important element of state regulatory policy in the field of agricultural activity in the context of the existence of a tendency to increase the number of legislative and by-laws as state regulatory instruments. The expediency of assessing the possible consequences of active law-making activities, in particular their impact on the economic efficiency of the agricultural sector, is determined. It is proposed to define the assessment of the regulatory impact in the agricultural sector as an impact aimed at improving the legal regulation of agrarian-economic relations, as well as administrative relations between regulatory bodies or other state authorities and subjects of agrarian management, and the purpose of such an assessment is defined. The expediency of including the studied term in the Law of Ukraine «On the principles of state regulatory policy in the field of economic activity» is substantiated. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in assessing the results of regulatory influence, it is proposed in the science of domestic administrative law to separate such an assessment into an independent procedure related to the process of development, justification and adoption of normative legal acts in the state policy system. It is proposed to shift the assessment emphasis to the deregulation of relations in the economic sphere with the mandatory consideration of the needs of small, medium and large subjects of the agrarian sector, as well as the determination of the related advantages for various social groups of the rural population. A number of proposals of a theoretical and methodological nature regarding the improvement of the regulatory impact assessment procedure have been provided.

Justifying by degrees: A grounded theory of men's decision-making process in infidelity.

Infidelity is a common reason couples seek therapeutic help as betrayed partners are often hurt and dismayed by their partners' decision to engage in an extradyadic relationship. Despite its common occurrence, there are very few empirical studies of the decision-making process behind infidelity. To address this gap, the current study used grounded theory, a qualitative approach commonly used to develop theories from participants'experiences, to explore men's processes in deciding to engage in infidelity. Analysis of interviews with participants (n = 13) resulted in a grounded theory of decision-making by cisgender men who participated in infidelity while in a committed, heterosexual relationship. The results suggest that the decision involves a continuous process of justification and rationalization. Major categories of the theory include the preaffair context, snowballing, motivated reasoning, and postaffair decisions. Clinical implications are also included.

Computationally efficient methodology of 3D thermal-hydraulic analysis of Diagnostic Shielding Module #2 of ITER Equatorial Port #11

The process of design justification of Diagnostic Shielding Modules (DSMs) of port plugs of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) includes a stage of thermal-hydraulic computational analysis. The ITER tokamak operates in a pulsation mode that means the nuclear heating affecting DSMs is unsteady, and transient analysis is required. Three-dimensional (3D) approaches for fully coupled thermal-hydraulic analysis, which imply simultaneous computations for fluid and solid parts of a 3D DSM model, lead typically to “heavy” numerical models being very expensive from the computational point of view, especially for transient simulations. In order to significantly reduce the consumption of computational resources, the present 3D thermal-hydraulic analysis of DSM #2 of ITER Equatorial Port #11 was performed using one-way coupling. Firstly, steady-state CFD computations of turbulent flow were performed for the front part of DSM cooling system, which is a high-density network of channels of complex geometry. Obtained in CFD analysis map of wall shear stress on surface of channels was then converted into a map of local heat transfer coefficient using a simple and conservative approach based on known empirical correlations for turbulent flow in a circular pipe. For the back part of DSM cooling system, which basically consist of many relatively long channels, an individual (single) value of heat transfer coefficient for each of the channels was directly evaluated using empirical correlation. The heat transfer coefficient maps obtained for both parts of DSM cooling system were used finally as a boundary condition in transient thermal analysis of the solid part of the DSM model. Details and justifications of the described computationally-efficient methodology are presented.

Introducing Teaching English to Young (Preschool) Learners in Kazakhstan

The modernization of education demands the implementation of a course of English in preschool institutions. The process of early English teaching demands theoretical justification and also working out of its educational and methodical maintenance. It is necessary to take into account Kazakhstan multilingualism, that is parallel studying of several languages functioning in a multiethnic educational space. The aim of the investigation was monitoring of English teaching quality and investigation problems at this level of education. In this article, the authors consider a question of the introduction of English teaching to young learners in the conditions of trilingual education. The questionnaire offered to respondents contained questions directed at studying of the process of introduction of teaching in English in preschool institutions. The analyses of the questionnaire data of teachers helped to elicit some problems. The most significant problem is the lack of qualified staff in preschool institutions. The article is based on the result of the interview held with English teachers of preschool institutions in the Karaganda region. As result, the conducted research contributed to the development of English teaching to preschool children. The analyses of the questionnaire allowed revealing the positive attitude of teachers towards the process of introduction of early English teaching in preschool institutions in the context of trilingual education.

Investigation of The Technological Process of Work and Justification of the Parameters of Raw Cotton

The article substantiates the method of compaction and the parameters of the compactor of raw cotton in an elastic container, which make it possible to increase the productivity of cotton pickers due to the large capacity of the container and the increase in the coefficient of use of shift time. A layered compaction method has been studied, which makes it possible to compact the cotton mass with its continuous flow from the bottom to the neck of the container. Theoretically, the pressure in various layers of the cotton mass, the distance between the inner ends of the sealing elements, the magnitude of the stroke and the speed of movement of the sealer, the volume of the container are determined, the coefficients are found that take into account the elongation of the height of the container and the layering of the seal. All parameters are substantiated from the condition of ensuring high productivity and reliability of the cotton pickers.

Boundary work in collaborative inquiry: Framing the contributions

This article situates the contributions to this special issue. It does so by examining the process of methodological justification and the relations between the content of knowledge and the context of production. Boundary work concerning these dynamics, along with issues applicability and credibility, along with the university as a core site of social research practice, are discussed. Once engagement with communities comes into the process of co-production, there is an ambivalence both among academics and universities concerning the place of such work. This leads to a set of devilish dichotomies in research practice that requires intensive boundary work in a process characterized as active intermediation between varying expectations. Framing the contributions in this way enables an enlargement of the scope of research with different communities in terms of boundaries of practice, whilst also questioning the selectivity that informs the impact and engagement agendas in universities.

Turning the trolley with reflective equilibrium

Reflective equilibrium (RE)—the idea that we have to justify our judgments and principles through a process of mutual adjustment—is taken to be a central method in philosophy. Nonetheless, conceptions of RE often stay sketchy, and there is a striking lack of explicit and traceable applications of it. This paper presents an explicit case study for the application of an elaborate RE conception. RE is used to reconstruct the arguments from Thomson’s paper “Turning the Trolley” for why a bystander must not divert a runaway trolley from five workmen onto one. Analyzing Thomson’s resulting position with the RE-criteria has two main results: Firstly, the adjustment of one of her commitments can be defended. Secondly, no justified position in RE was reached. With respect to RE as a method, the main results from this application are: (1) There is at least one conception of RE that is sufficiently specified to be applicable; (2) the RE criteria put real constraints on the process of justification; and (3) an explicit application of RE has benefits in terms of clarity while at the same time providing guidance for how the justificatory process could be continued.

Development of methodological and constructive foundations for drilling wells using new types of bits

Purpose. Improving the technical and economic indicators and the degree of perfection of the process of constructive selection, justification and engineering calculation of effective schemes for the implementation of individual units of drill bits, ensuring the constancy of the process of deepening the bottom hole with high productivity and resource saving. Research methodology. Applied computational and laboratory studies of the design features of the design choice of drilling bits of new designs were carried out using modern methods of analytical analysis and experimental research, in particular, by using the general principles of mathematical and physical modeling, methods for processing research results in the EXCEL, MATHCAD environment, control and measurement systems and materials. The flow of borehole processes was modeled on experimental wells of the training drilling site of the Dnipro University of Technology using the UKB-4P drilling rig and the corresponding auxiliary tools and equipment. Research results. A critical review of research and development in the field of designing drill bits was carried out; special attention is paid to the schemes for the implementation and operation of weapons systems and analysis of the properties of materials used to manufacture individual parts of drill bit assemblies; highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of existing schemes for the execution of bits; factors of working capacity and durability of elements of bits are defined; the causes of bit wear are established and the provisions of the problem of improving the technique and technology for making drill bit assemblies are formulated. Originality. A constructive approach to the drilling bit execution system using advanced technology and the creation of a workable destructive assembly of the specified tool for well construction can be based on the principle of chain execution of the destructive body. Practical implications. Fundamentally new design schemes for the implementation of the working destructive unit of the drill bit have been created, the use of which will lead to a significant increase in the productivity of exploration and production work, a reduction in the time for auxiliary operations, and an overall increase in the efficiency and economy of the well construction process.

Eugene Rivers and the responsibility of intellectuals

Eugene Rivers and the responsibility of intellectuals

Methodology for ensuring the formation of marketing strategy of enterprise development

Introduction. Market conditions pose new problems for economic entities. Currently, Ukrainian enterprises develop a plan of their market activity on the long and short term scopes on their own, meaning that all the enterprises independently choose the raw materials suppliers, range and volume of production, consumers, profits range, and the order of profits distribution. Therefore, the important part in the activities of an enterprise is the development and the implementation of the enterprise strategy. The purpose of the paper is to increase the theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of marketing strategy for enterprise development. Results. The article analyzes the issues during the formation of marketing strategy for enterprise development, where it can be used for the decision-making on the resources distribution with a goal to achieve the competitive advantages in selected product markets. Enterprises should have a system of constant discussion and reviewing of their own general objectives, but should avoid the frequent and significant changes in the main field of their activities. The process of selection and substantiation for the formation of marketing strategy for the enterprises was studied; which resulted in developing the following stages: evaluation of the existing strategy, formation of the basic strategy, market analysis, choice of strategic alternatives. The principle of choosing the most efficient marketing strategies is to use the different methods, namely: field tests, mathematical analysis, simulation. Conclusion. It is very important to choose the right marketing strategy, which will choose the main focal point in the enterprise development in today's economic system. Each strategy is characterized by consistency, execution time and efficiency in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise. The analysis of the modern methodological base gives us the chance to offer efficient methods for formation of marketing strategy for enterprise growth. Thus, the purpose of the process of selection and justification of the strategy of marketing-oriented enterprises development is to achieve the competitive advantages which will provide the company with the high profitability and the long-term operation potential in today's market conditions.

Sistem Kendali dan Monitoring Cairan Infus pada Proses Tatalaksana Dehidrasi Berbasis IoT

Diarrhea is an endemic disease with Potential Extraordinary Events (PEE), often accompanied by death in Indonesia. Globally, at least diarrheal disease has caused 525,000 deaths in children each year, with the most severe threat being dehydration. It takes a system that can determine the degree of dehydration and manage dehydration quickly and appropriately to reduce the mortality rate. This study created a system to assess the degree of dehydration and perform the dehydration management process automatically. The method of determining the degree of dehydration using heart rate parameters and the process of justification is measured physical condition. In the process of dehydration management, intravenous fluid administration is carried out automatically using servo motors. To improve safety in infusion users, infusion volume, flow obstruction, air bubble, and rising blood detection are also carried out. All results will be processed on the microcontroller and will be sent to the ESP32 via serial communication. The data processing results will be connected using the Internet of Things so medical personnel can monitor via the website. The results showed that the average error of heart rate measurement using the moving average method of 0.41%, and the accuracy value in the infusion control system reached 90%.

Physics, neo-thomism and mosaic cosmogony at the roman college: the case of the jesuit Giambattista Pianciani

Preliminary the figure of Abbot Feliciano Scarpellini and the scientific environment in Rome in the first half of the XIX century are introduced. It is then analysed the life and work of the physicist and philosopher Giambattista Pianciani (1784-1862) of the Society of Jesus. Pianciani was in Rome among the most peculiar representatives of that cultural program aimed at countering the theses of Enlightenment materialism through a process of conciliation and justification of scientific discoveries with Catholic doctrine. This apologetic and concordist program started under Pius VII, also continued during the pontificate of Leo XVI. In the wake of this peculiar apologetic program, the controversy that, around the mid-nineteenth century, arose in the Roman College between neotomists and some scientists of the order, for example, Angelo Secchi, is also discussed. Finally, the specific concordist program developed by Pianciani is discussed. This program aimed to reconcile the biblical account of the world’s creation with the scientific results that came from the studies of natural cosmogony.

FEATURES OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT USING SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Topicality. One of the modern features is the growth of economic interdependence of countries in the context of globalization and diversification of commodity, financial, investment and other markets. This trend determines the specifics and features of the development of foreign economic activity, which plays a crucial role in strengthening international integration processes. In the researched scientific works considerable attention is paid to the organization of foreign economic activity, research of aspects of efficiency of management of foreign economic activity.Aim and tasks. In view of this, the main purpose of the study is to systematize approaches to determining the financial management of foreign economic activity and outlining its own vision for the realities of the domestic economy.Research results. Financial management as a system of principles, means and forms of organization of monetary relations of the enterprise, aimed at managing its financial and economic activities, which include: development and implementation of financial policy of the enterprise; information support; evaluation of investment projects and formation of a "portfolio" of investments; current financial planning and control. Evaluation of investment efficiency is central to the process of justification and selection of possible options for investing in investment projects, and therefore is the key to successful investment activities. Among these tools the author singles out: financial planning of financial flows; purchase and sale of currencies to service various transactions; purchase and sale of shares and other securities on international financial markets; operating with own securities in foreign markets; currency risk management. In the scientific literature we also emphasize the concept of international financial management, which is interpreted as a system of economic decisions arising from the implementation of financial management in the internationalization of economic activity of the firm. In our opinion, the proposed definition is too narrow for the concept of international financial management, but it can be used to define the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity. Thus, the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity combines three categories, namely finance, management and foreign economic activity.Conclusion. Management of investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises is based on the analysis of indicators of financial condition, while effective management of financial activity of the enterprise is provided by realization of the basic principles of financial management as a component of the general management of the enterprise. Our study is determined by sound recommendations and suggestions for improving modern methods and introducing more modern approaches to improving the efficiency of enterprise management in the international arena.

The Problematics of Scientific Discovery

Historically, the problem of discovery or the problem of the genesis of scientific ideas has been taken seriously by the historians, psychologists, sociologists and philosophers who analyzed the creative thinking and formation of ideas and attempted to provide a meaningful account of them. In fact, the philosophical concern with scientific discovery is as old as science and philosophy of science themselves. However, almost throughout the first half of 20th century, philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of scientific discovery remained in a state of suspended animation. This is because the dominant trend in philosophy of science in this period outlawed it. The dominant view in philosophy of science maintained that the phenomenon of scientific discovery is philosophically irrelevant, and an adequate philosophical understanding of science should confine itself to the way in which scientific theories are justified; it was assumed that the process of justification is a neat, spick-and-span phenomenon eminently suited to be described in terms which are, logically speaking, cut and dry. The process of justification or evaluation according to this orthodox view constitutes the essence of science. Obviously, justification was demarcated from discovery. Justification, because of its supposed epistemic transparency, became the exclusive focus of philosophical attention to the detriment of discovery. The invidious distinction between discovery of scientific ideas and justification of finished ideas of science remained the catchword for a long time. This paper is an attempt to critically examine the nihilistic attitude of the dominant philosophies of science and to arrive at a philosophical theory of scientific discovery.

Rationalization as a Dissonance Management Strategy among Electronic Gambling Machine Players

Erroneous gambling-related beliefs are well researched in light of their association with problem gambling, with some research suggesting these beliefs also serve as justifications for gambling behaviour. The process of justification (i.e., rationalization) can provide insights into how those who gamble resolve dissonance resulting from persistent loss in the gambling context. Using in-depth interviews of 43 participants who identified electronic gambling machines as their preferred game type and were either experiencing gambling problems or were at risk of developing a problem, this study details how dissonance is managed through rationalizations in line with the Dawson (1999) framework. This framework is based on research of religious groups surviving prophetic disconfirmation and is employed here to highlight the contextual and socio-cultural underpinnings of rationalizations along with their supernatural and pseudo-religious qualities. Rationalizations reflect broader socio-cultural beliefs around morality, work, speculation, perseverance, and the supernatural. Implications for treatment are discussed.

Algorithms, Decision Making, and the Human Outside the Code

In this intervention, we discuss to what extent the term “decision” serves as an adequate terminology for what algorithms actually do. Although calculations of algorithms might be perceived as or be an important basis for a decision, we argue, that this terminology is not only misleading but also problematic. A calculation is not a decision, we claim, since a decision (implicitly) includes two important aspects: imaginaries about the future and a “fictional surplus” as well as the process of justification. Our proposal can be seen as an invitation to reflect but the role of “humans outside the code” (and not merely “in the loop”).

To persuade or not to persuade? On the purpose and functions of constitutional argumentation

Contemporary scholarship has consistently sought to generalize knowledge since the universality of scholarly knowledge is an indispensable attribute of scholarly knowledge itself. Nevertheless, these efforts sometimes encounter obstacles posed by the presence of objects, knowledge about which is difficult to universalize, primarily because of their functional dependence on other processes and phenomena. This is exactly the case with argumentation. Arguing that functions to be performed by argumentation vary considerably depending on the nature of the activity that argumentation serves, this article explores how the process of justification of constitutional judgments contributes to the development and functioning of the legal order and thereby reveals the purpose and functions of constitutional argumentation. Having synthesized the existing knowledge on judicial review of legislation with the possibilities that the means of argumentation provide to courts, and having indicated which judicial review tasks can be performed exclusively by resorting to argumentation, the author identifies the normatively correcting, normatively guiding (prognostic), cognitive and legitimizing functions of constitutional argumentation. This article gives specific reasons for highlighting the aforementioned functions and further details their substance. The author also focuses on the nodal nature of the cognitive function of constitutional argumentation, which is being implemented in three relatively autonomous dimensions: constitutionally due, normatively present, and being. Given that constitutional argumentation performs a normatively correcting function and that a constitutional dispute is characterized by a divergence of interests of its participants, the author refuses to consider the audience’s persuasion and its assent to a given thesis as an invariant purpose of constitutional argumentation. The article concludes that constitutional argumentation, because of its dependence on judicial review tasks, is aimed primarily at the formation of adequate understanding of constitutionally so that constitutional review organs may correctly and legitimately assess the constitutionality of a challenged law.