Interview Process Research Articles

Elevating equity: advancing diversity and inclusivity through trialing bias reduction tools in the general internal medicine program resident application process.

Decades of medical data show worse patient outcomes among racial and gender minorities due to implicit, explicit, and structural biases. Increasing representation of marginalized groups among care providers is imperative to help address this. Limited literature exists on bias awareness strategies for interviewers during the selection of applicants to General Internal Medicine (GIM) programs in Canada. This study examines the trial of bias reduction tools to increase interviewers' awareness of implicit biases. The Model of Improvement framework guided the trail of an instructional video, the adapted implicit association test (IAT), and a paper awareness tool (PAT) to increase interviewers' awareness of implicit biases during the University of Alberta's GIM applicant selection. An anonymous online survey was disseminated to physician interviewers. Descriptive statistics (percentages) and a modified sentiment analysis was completed. 10 of 14 interviewers completed the survey. Respondents reported an increased awareness of using bias reduction tools (IAT, 25%; video, 71%; PAT, 67%) to inform them on their implicit biases. The future use of IAT, video, and PAT was supported by 50%, 71%, and 67% of interviewers, respectively. Interviewers prefer the instructional video and PAT over the IAT. Textual responses suggest existing concerns for biases inherent to the interview process yet 70% (7/10) of respondents believe that interviews should have a weighting of 50% towards final ranking of candidates. As many institutions continue to rely on interviews to evaluate candidates, our findings indicate the need for a national study to develop a framework to mitigate inherent biases during interviewing of candidates.

Perceptions of forensic interviewers on the sexual education of individuals with a disability exposed to sexual victimisation

ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines the perspectives of forensic interviewers on the education of individuals with a disability who have been exposed to sexual abuse and violence. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 forensic interviewees in six provinces in Turkey. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis results revealed four themes: types of disabilities of individuals subjected to sexual violence and abuse; family; education and sexual violence and abuse; and the effect of difficulties in self-expression during the forensic interview process. The findings emphasise the necessity for tailored, visually supported education aligned with developmental stages to prevent sexual violence. The inclusion of parents in these sexual education sessions could prove to be effective in preventing the onset of sexual abuse perpetrated against individuals with a disability. The insights provided by forensic interviewers underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in developing and implementing sexual education programmes, aiming to address deficiencies in current sexual education frameworks. Personal safety and sexual education could be useful in preventing negative incidents that individuals with a disability may encounter at every stage of their lives. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT Our results highlight the critical importance of customised sexual education programmes for reducing the vulnerability of individuals with a disability to sexual violence and abuse. It addresses the role of identifying practical measures to address the risks associated with these individuals, promoting parental involvement, and raising awareness in the community. Interdisciplinary collaboration across various fields, such as health care, psychology, and law, and the development of inclusive sexual education initiatives, may be important for protecting the rights and well-being of individuals with a disability and their families.

How to Show You're a "Good Fit" During an Interview

This article discusses strategies for job applicants to effectively demonstrate cultural fit during the interview process. It emphasizes the importance of fit in today's competitive hiring environment, as employers seek candidates who will seamlessly integrate into their team and advance organizational goals. The article outlines ways for applicants to research the company and role thoroughly, align examples of their background to the employer's stated values, highlight enthusiasm for the position and company, provide substantive examples to evidence a compatible work style, and showcase relevant industry knowledge. It presents real examples of how candidates have persuasively shown cultural fit. Overall, the article provides research-based guidance on customizing stories and responses during interviews to communicate passion and compatibility through tangible scenarios that leave hiring managers confident in an applicant's long-term potential for success within their unique culture.

Application of artificial intelligence in career development of women in STEM field: Counseling, network construction and recruitment

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) is increasingly extensive, which provides a new idea for solving the challenges of women's career development in STEM. This paper deeply discusses the application of AI in counseling, network construction and recruitment of women's STEM career development, aiming at promoting gender equality and women's career growth. In career counseling, AI technology provides customized career advice and development path for women through deep learning and big data analysis. According to personal education background, skill level, hobbies and career goals, the system intelligently recommends suitable career directions, and updates industry trends and job market data in real time to help women make more informed career choices. The AI tutoring system also enhances women's professional self-confidence through functions such as simulated interviews and career planning exercises. In terms of network construction, AI helps women to expand their professional networks more effectively through intelligent recommendation system. Based on user behavior data and preferences, AI accurately recommends industry seminars, technical exchange activities and online communities to promote women to establish contacts with like-minded professionals. AI also assists women in managing and maintaining network relationships, ensures the continuity of network interaction through intelligent reminding functions, and identifies key nodes and influential people to enhance network quality. In the recruitment process, AI technology reduces gender bias and improves the fairness and transparency of recruitment through automatic resume screening, standardized interview process and competency-based evaluation model. AI system can analyze a large amount of data, accurately match the skills and job requirements of female candidates, and improve the employment rate of women in STEM field. At the same time, through transparent algorithm decision-making process and fairness check, the potential gender bias problem in AI algorithm is overcome. The research in this paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for using AI technology to promote women's career development in STEM field, and helps to build a more equal and inclusive scientific and technological working environment.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE NAÏVE BAYES UNTUK PREDIKSI KELAYAKAN BANTUAN MODAL DAN KREDIT USAHA DI DESA SELAT ABIANSEMAL BADUNG

Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are small-scale businesses carried out by individuals or business entities with a certain amount of net worth and sales proceeds. MSMEs in Abiansemal Strait Village, Badung, still use manual methods in analyzing data. Conditions like this are the basis for this study to create a system that can help make it easier for the Abiansemal Badung Strait Village if there is an assistance program from the government, both business capital assistance, and business credit applications to be given to MSME actors. Naïve Bayes' method of classifying MSMEs is built on concepts explored from the interview process, literature studies and system implementation. The design of this system was made using the Python programming language. The CRISP-DM model is a system development method used in the classification of MSMEs. The Feasibility Prediction Model for Capital Assistance and Business Credit using the Naïve Bayes Method can make it easier for users to find out whether the existence of a web-based classification and recommendation system can make it easier for users to carry out the MSME classification process easily and users can see the solutions recommended by referral MSMEs that have better business conditions directly.

Implications of The Increase In The Government's Project Budget Ceiling For Construction Managerial In Small Qualified Contractors

The government has issued LKPP regulation No. 11 of 2021 which states that small qualification contractors may handle projects up to 15 billion, which before this regulation came out small contractors could only handle projects with a maximum value of 2,5 billion. The government hopes positively for this restriction, because the gap between large and small construction companies is quite high. In order to compete for large project values, small contractors must be able to reorganize the four managerial stages of construction project implementation, namely Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC). For this reason, a study was conducted that aims to analyze the implications of increasing the budget ceiling of government projects on the construction managerial of small qualification contractors. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing changes in construction project managerial at each stage of construction project managerial through an in-depth interview process directly with small contractors who handle construction projects worth 5 to 15 billion in fiscal years 2022 and 2023 in the Padang City government. The result of this research is that there are changes in the managerial constructors at the planning stage. At the planning stage the contractor organizes the implementation of the project so that the project can be completed within the agreed time, through the use of Man, Money, Material, Market, Machine, and Method (6M) resources. The resources that change during project implementation at the planning stage are human resources (man). With an increase in the project budget ceiling, small qualification contractors increase the number of team personnel, labor, and team competence in mastering certain competencies to support the implementation of construction projects. While the management of 5M (man, money, material, machine, and method) at the organizing, actuating, and controlling stages, small qualification contractors are able to adjust their construction managerial implementation when the project is still worth under 2,5 billion with a project whose value increases to 15 billion.

The Impact of Service Quality and Price Fairness on Repurchase Intention Through Customer Satisfaction: A Study of Natasha Skin Care Clinic Customers in DKI Jakarta

This research analyzes how service quality, price fairness affects customer satisfaction and repurchase at Natasha Skin Care. The aim of this research is to explore the influence of service quality and price fairness on repurchase intentions, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. It is hoped that the findings from this research will help Natasha Skin Care formulate a more effective strategy to increase customer loyalty amidst intense competition. In this research, a nonprobability sampling method was used with a purposive sampling technique. This technique is based on certain considerations that are relevant to the research objectives. In this research, the number of samples collected was 150. Data collection was carried out using primary data obtained directly through the process of interviews, observations and distribution of questionnaires and secondary data obtained from existing sources, not through direct collection by researchers. Testing the measurement model uses a validity test consisting of convergent validity, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and Discriminant Validity and a reliability test carried out by measuring Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability values. Structural Model Testing (Inner Model) The evaluation stage of the inner model structural model is carried out by analyzing the R-Square value. The research results show that service quality significantly increases customer satisfaction and encourages repurchase intention, while price fairness also has a positive impact on satisfaction and repurchase intention. Ultimately, customer satisfaction serves as the main mediator in the relationship between service quality, price fairness, and repurchase intention.

37 Adverse events associated with paediatric emergency medicine virtual clinic visits

Abstract Background Emergency medical care inherently carries a potential for adverse events. With the increase in virtual medical care due to its ease of access and ability to limit the spread of infection, there is a need to evaluate the safety of paediatric emergency medicine virtual clinics. Objectives To elucidate the frequency of adverse events occurring within 7 days of accessing medical care provided by a Paediatric Emergency Medicine Virtual Clinic. We then seek to characterize the severity, nature, and preventability of the adverse events and to provide a knowledge base for future work related to patient safety in the virtual emergency care domain. Design/Methods This study was a prospective cohort study where the primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced an adverse event within 7 days of accessing care through a virtual emergency clinic. Data was collected through telephone interviews and chart analysis with the use of a validated adverse events trigger tool to determine which charts required independent physician review. The final data was categorized using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine potential predictors of adverse events. Results Of 593 eligible families, 232 (39%) consented to participate and completed the interview process. Of these families, 89 were flagged for further review, and subsequent analysis concluded that 5 (2.2%) had experienced an adverse event. Of the adverse events, 4 (80%) were considered preventable and the most common type of adverse event was sub-optimal follow up (60%). The median patient age was 3.0 years (IQR 1.0-5.0). There were no clinically significant differences between the patients who experienced an adverse event and those that did not across the parameters studied (age, sex, gender, medical complexity, length of symptoms, language of fluency, and self-identification of visible minority status). Conclusion 2.2% of patients, approximately 1 in 45, experienced adverse events related to the care they received at the virtual clinic. The majority of these adverse events were preventable. That said, the rates of events were within the published norm, suggesting the virtual clinic provides a viable option in paediatric emergency medicine.

Kontribusi Mahasiswa dalam Merealisasikan Kreativitas Diri Melalui Model Pembelajaran Special Event di Politeknik Pariwisata Prima Internasional

Creativity is an activity that positively impacts human growth and development. One form of human growth and development is the output of creativity through an activity and a product. EPHICS emerged as a form of creativity from international prime tourism polytechnic students and involved students. Qualitative descriptive methods followed by observation and visualization of layouts assisted by the interview process and documentation to collect data related to research. As a result of this activity program, students make a field learning model that can continue to hone creativity and is expected to develop EPHICS even better. SWOT analysis and analysis of the concept of event implementation become the basis for the activity evaluation process. The evaluation results obtained after each activity is completed are used as material for improvement in the implementation of future EPHICS activities to make it even better.

Implementation and reception of a semi-structured resident interview to improve equity

Abstract Introduction/Objective To improve equity and inclusion in the residency candidacy interview process, we collaborated with our human resources and graduate medical education colleges to develop standardized interview questions based on best practices reported in corporate and medical literature. These standardized questions were piloted by resident interviewers during the 2023-2024 Pathology residency application cycle in a semi-structured interview format. Methods/Case Report With consultants from the graduate medical education and human resources, we identified favored qualities of expectational candidates (e.g., passion for pathology, interest in program, collaboration, reliability, and compassion) and developed a list of standardized questions with a corresponding answer scoring guide to guide objective assessment of answers for each quality. Residents and fellows (“interviewers”) who volunteer to interview Pathology residency candidates (“candidates”) received training on interviewing best practices, identifying and mitigating bias, and the new semi-structured interview format at the beginning of the interview season. Interviewers were encouraged to use a semi-structured interview format where at least one standardized question is included in addition to their usual ad hoc interview questions and discussions. After the interview season concluded, we surveyed all interviewers (n=39) and candidates (n=90) who participated in this process, for feedback on the semi-structured interview process. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) 31/90 (34%) applicants provided feedback about their interview with 15/29 (52%) applicants agreeing that the semi-structured interview format enhanced their experience. 20/31 (65%) applicants agreed that their impression of Stanford would be positively affected if all interviews were conducted in a semi- structured format. 24/31 (77%) think faculty members should use standardized questions while 17/31 (55%) think residents should use standardized questions in either a semi-structured or structured formats. 17/31 (55%) feel that structured interviews contribute to improving equity. 12/39 (31%) of current residents provided feedback about their interviews. All 12 (100%) respondents used standardized questions in a semi-structured interview format. 10/12 (83%) interviewers think the new format improves our resident interview process. Conclusion Overall, responses from both resident interviewers and applicants support the implementation of semi- structured interviews and the continuation and expansion of this initiative.

ANALISIS PPN DAN PPH BADAN PADA PERUSAHAAN KONSTRUKSI PT. ACG

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the imposition of income tax rates and corrections contained in the Tax Return period of Value Added Tax on companies. This research was conducted with an interview process to get data on the company's financial statements during 2020 and other information related to what is needed from the company. The results of this study show that the company has applied the final income tax rate in accordance with the applicable provisions and the company also experiences more payment every month so that it can make restitution or compensation.

The impact of the virtual classroom on the development of oral communicative competence in qualifying secondary school learners: A case study of the provincial direction of national education in Agadir

The period, mandated by health decision-makers in Morocco, was characterised by a certain improvisation in terms of the approaches used to enssure some form of pedagogical continuity. WhatsApp groups emerged as one of the methods adopted in an imposed manner by most teachers who were content with the digital tools available. In this context, our article aims to analyze the technical, didactic and pedagogical functioning of distance sessions programmed in synchronous mode, in order to determine whether virtual classes simulated real ones. It also seeks to study their effect on the development of oral communicative competence in Moroccan high school students. For this, we employed a mixed methodology: online questionnaire and semi-directive online interview process. The results indicated that no oral production was carried out, and hence there is a barrier to achieve an effective level of communicative competence during virtual sessions.

Initial Experiences With a 2-Stage Residency Interview Process.

Background A drawback to interviews having largely become virtual is candidates' difficulty sensing a program's fit. Programs have offered nonevaluative second looks to address this. There is concern that in-person contact with candidates would still indirectly contribute to a candidate's evaluation. Objective We describe implementing an alternative interview structure to incorporate the benefits of virtual and in-person interviews, and describe preliminary feasibility and acceptability data. Methods Our general surgery program selection process for the 2022-2023 application cycle included a first phase of holistic review and a second phase of interviews. The second phase had a first round of virtual interviews, then a second round of in-person interviews (with a virtual option). Only scores from the second interview were used in ranking. Prior to the Match, applicants and faculty were surveyed about the process. Results All 1175 applications to the program were reviewed. Of those, 190 (16.2%) were invited to interview virtually; 188 of 190 (98.9%) completed the virtual interview. Eighty-two of 188 (43.6%) were invited for a second interview; 69 of 82 (84.1%) chose to interview in-person, and 13 of 82 (15.9%) interviewed virtually. Sixty-eight of 188 (36.2%) applicants responded to the survey. Sixty-three of 68 (92.6%) agreed the 2-stage interview process was fair, and 51 of 68 (75%) felt that nonevaluative second looks were not truly nonevaluative. Fifteen faculty spent 3 hours over 6 weeks in holistic review. Twenty-four faculty completed 6 days of interviews, each spending 2.5 to 3 hours per day. Twelve of 24 faculty (50%) responded to their survey, with all 12 stating they would participate again. Conclusions A process of first-round virtual and second-round in-person interviews was feasible and perceived by applicants to be fair and beneficial.

Detecting Narcissistic Grandiosity in a Job Interview: The Validation of the Narcissism Interview Scale for Employment

Although employee selection is typically oriented toward the assessment of knowledge, skills, and abilities to identify employees who will complement such an environment, it is perhaps equally important to distinguish employees with the potential to disrupt it. Workers high in narcissistic grandiosity tend to abuse their power and control for personal gain, engage in abusive behaviors toward others, and disobey organizational policies. Across four studies, we sought to develop the Narcissism Interview Scale for Employment (NISE) to assess narcissistic grandiosity. Study 1 created interview questions that elicited responses with narcissistic grandiosity content, structured as both behavioral/situational and work-specific. Study 2 identified the best performing items and developed rating materials. Study 3 demonstrated the NISE is associated with traditional survey assessments of narcissistic grandiosity and predicted interpersonal aggression. Study 4 demonstrated that applicants are likely to perceive the NISE at least as favorably as other popular interview questions. Overall, the results showed that the NISE may be incorporated into the interview process to assess applicant narcissistic grandiosity tendencies, but additional research is needed to further establish the construct validity of the instrument, clarify applicant reactions to its use, and assess its predictive utility across a variety of work contexts.

Patients’ reasons for consulting a general practitioner at the time of having dental problems: a qualitative study

IntroductionMany patients consult general practitioners instead of dentists for their oral and dental problems every year. This study aims to find the reasons why patients consult general practitioners when they have dental problems.MethodsThe sample consisted of patients visiting dentists and general practitioners in Kerman, Iran. A thematic interview guide, semi-structured questions, and a mind map that allowed for structured and open-ended questions were prepared and used for the interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim by a final-year student. Data collection, transcription, and analysis were conducted simultaneously to allow for new topics to be raised and theoretical saturation to be reached. When researchers determined that sufficient information was available for analysis and understanding of patient opinions and beliefs, the interview process was stopped. As all audio conversations were recorded with the participant’s permission, no note-taking was done during the interviews, which allowed for greater focus on the participants’ conversation. The obtained data was analyzed using the content analysis.ResultsA total of 52 patients were included in this study. The codes related to patients participating in this research, along with the number of respondent groups related to each code were as follows: patient’s perceptions of general practitioner(GP) and dental practitioner’s scope of work [21], flawed dental system (34), dental anxiety [28], financial considerations [25], and more accessibility to GPs (31). Dental abscesses and dental pain were reported as the most common reasons for consulting GPs.ConclusionMost participants agreed that dental problems are more effectively treated by dentists. Reasons for visiting a general practitioner included lack of a specific dentist, dissatisfaction with dental treatments, lack of a dentist nearby, absence of emergency dental care, and familiarity with a physician. The most common reasons for visits were toothache and dental abscesses. Patients also sought treatment for TMJ pain, referred nerve pain, wisdom tooth pain, numbness and tingling in the jaw, gum inflammation, oral lesions, and ulcers. Furthermore, other factors such as opening hours, appointment systems and waiting time can also affect patient’s consult behaviors regarding dental problems.

Cutting-Edge Methods in Visage Expression Recognition and Ocular Tracking for Analyzing Remote Video Interviews

This paper focuses to augment an in the flesh image and video processor, capacitated with an artificial intelligence (AI) arbitrator that can speculate a job interviewee’s behavioral adeptness according to the facial dictions or expressions. We put forward a sentiment analysis model using machine learning and CNN for the reinforcement of decision-making in the job interview process. This is bought up by histogram of oriented gradients and support vector machine (HOG-SVM) with the addition of convolutional neural network (CNN) recognition in real-time video recorded interviews. The goal of applying this technology, is to develop a method that could automatically decode a candidate’s behavior by his or her facial language (or micro expressions) based on the behavioral ecology view of facial displays (BECV) which is different from the classical perspective of recognizing emotional states. This paper dispenses a trailblazing technique of determining the performance of a candidate in a video interview. To do this, a delineation of the analysis of sentiments and eye tracking technique study is intricated in which the results can be processed on a single screen to select the right person for the hire. Key Words: Artificial Intelligence(AI), Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG), Support Vector Machine(SVM), Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), Behavioral Ecology View of Facial Displays, Eye Tracking Technique, AVI(Automatic Visual Inspection).

SOCIO-LEGAL CHALLENGES OF INDIGENOUS LAND IN WEST KALIMANTAN: CUSTOMARY PRACTICES AND NATIONAL LAW

Customary law in the national legal system is undoubtedly fundamental to maintaining existence because customary law can also be applied to resolve conflicts in society. This research uses socio-legal methods, and the data obtained is based on data in the field through an interview process with several related parties. In contrast, for legal problems in this society, only some things can be resolved through a customary law approach. For example, in the Dayak indigenous community, several legal problems cannot be resolved according to custom, especially regarding unregistered land rights. These problems certainly cannot be solely resolved using a customary law approach. This certainly shows that customary law cannot necessarily accommodate the interests of Indigenous peoples because this is also closely related to legal certainty. Because they relate to legal certainty, they must be resolved through a positive legal approach, such as submitting a request to the court or an application to the relevant agency. This certainly happens because the legal awareness of regional communities in Indonesia is currently not very good; this leads to legal issues within indigenous communities that cannot be resolved through customary law.

The cost of virtual interviews; more than just the money

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in travel restrictions to limit virus transmission, altering the residency interview process across the country. While the transition to virtual interviews has the potential benefit of convenience and cost savings, concerns remain about the impact on applicants’ ability to distinguish programs. We sought to understand individual applicant motivations when presented with the opportunity to interview in-person or virtually and the associated costs.MethodsAn anonymous, voluntary, mixed-methods survey was distributed to all US allopathic medical school general surgery applicants who applied to our program in the 2023 cycle. The primary outcome was identifying factors that impacted the decision to interview either in-person or virtually. Secondary outcomes included costs associated with the entire interview process, including travel for away rotations, in-person interviews, and program second looks.Results155 (21.3%) applicants completed the survey. The average number of interviews completed was 14.2 ± 6.25. Females completed more interviews than males (14.9, 12.6, p = 0.047). Respondents accepted a mean of 89% of virtual interviews offered. 73% of applicants selected to complete at least one interview in-person. Top reasons for electing in-person interviews were to gain a stronger impression of the program (64%), make a greater impression of the program (50%), and strength of interest in the program (64%). Top factors for choosing virtual interviews were decreased costs (64%), less travel time (53%), and the ability to complete more interviews (53%). 58% of applicants planned to visit at least one program in-person post-interview. The mean total cost of interviews was $122 for virtual and $358 for in-person. Travel for a “second look” visit cost $279. 53% of respondents completed an away rotation, spending an average of $1688 per away rotation.ConclusionWhen presented with the option, applicants chose to interview in-person because of a mutual feeling of portraying and receiving a stronger impression. Candidates chose virtual due to cost reduction and the ability to complete more interviews. The financial savings of virtual interviews should be examined in the context of increased applications, increased interviews, post-interview travel or "second look" experiences, and costs associated with away rotations. Future work is needed to elucidate the role of in-person contact or away rotations on the likelihood of an applicant to interview and match in a largely virtual interview era.

Designing audio processing strategies to enhance cochlear implant users' music enjoyment

Cochlear implants (CIs) provide hundreds of thousands of users with increased access to sound, particularly speech, but experiences of music are more varied. Can greater engagement by CI users in the music mixing process mutually benefit them as well as audio engineers? This paper presents an exploratory mixed-methods study that leverages insights from CI users and professional audio engineers (AEs) in the investigation of techniques to enhance CI user music enjoyment and promote empathetic practices in AEs. Analysis of data collected over a multi-step process of surveys, interviews, and iterative cycles of sound mixing and feedback revealed two mixing strategies—namely essentializing and exaggeration of musical elements—common among mixes preferred by CI users. Participant responses also highlighted systemic ableism and audism in the music industry—an industry from which CI users report feeling excluded. Specifically, AEs felt inadequately trained around aural diversity considerations and experienced anxiety around their own aural diversity. In sum, this work contributes to insights into CI user music listening preferences; how AEs approach mixing for an aurally diverse audience; and discussion around the efficacy of CI simulation, user feedback, and AE peer feedback on mix enjoyment by CI users. Based on these findings, we offer several design insights that emphasize the need for customizable music listening tools centered around user agency and enjoyment.

The role of the Interview Manager (IM) in UK policing: perceptions and experiences of the IM when deployed in high stakes crime investigations

ABSTRACT The last 30 years have seen a dramatic shift in investigative interview training in the United Kingdom (UK) as a result of miscarriages of justice cases featuring vulnerable suspects. In 2001, the UK Police adopted a five-tiered approach to investigative interviewing, with Tier 1 for new recruits through to Tier 5 for interview managers (IMs). The IM is responsible for overseeing strategic decisions with regard to the investigative interviewing process. Even though the role of an IM has been in existence for over twenty years, it is one of the most under-researched aspects of investigative interviewing. The aim of the current paper is to present an oversight of the role of an IM in UK policing using a self-report questionnaire, presenting the responses of 53 UK police IMs’ perceptions of their role in high-stakes crime investigations. Content analysis was carried out on the responses and revealed that IMs are most frequently deployed to murder investigations, followed by serious assaults, then sexual offences. However, not all of the respondents had received the pre-requisite training for the role. Nevertheless, the IMs broadly agreed that the senior investigating officer respected the advice provided by the IM, though without fully understanding what the role entailed. IMs unanimously said the role was crucial to high-stakes investigations and presented their perceptions of the skills, qualities and knowledge that IMs require to perform the role. Finally, future directions of research in this area are outlined.