Process Of Hypothesis Testing Research Articles

Analysis of post COVID-19 economic recovery on inflation fluctuation management in Indonesia

This research aims to find out, explain and test the Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery Analysis of Inflation Fluctuation Management in Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive and verification approach by collecting presentations through a process of analysis and hypothesis testing. The data used is secondary data, namely from Ceic Data, Trading Economics and Bank Indonesia for 2019-2023. The data analysis method in this research uses a difference test where this model is used to analyze pre-post or before and after research models. The research results show that there are significant differences in inflation and exchange rates during COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Post-COVID-19 economic recovery policies such as fiscal stimulus and quantitative easing were able to reduce inflation and stabilize the exchange rate. Coordination is needed between the central, regional and monetary authorities to maintain macroeconomic stability after the pandemic. This research concludes that the post-COVID-19 economic recovery policy has succeeded in controlling inflation and the exchange rate in Indonesia, although regular evaluation and refinement of policies is required.

Analysis on Customer Authentic Perception on Fast-Food Chain’s Brand Loyalty with the Mediation Variables being Perceived Quality

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of fast-food restaurants brands toward tourist’s restaurants authentic perception with the perceived quality as the mediating variables This study uses a quantitative approach to collect empirical data and conduct hypothesis testing. The population studied in this study consists of the population of Batam City. The methodology used in this study included selecting a sample from individuals who visited a fast food restaurant chain. Data collection occurred from Q4 to Q1 of 2022-2023, resulting in a total of 400 observations. The process of hypothesis testing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software with the application of descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis, and classical assumption tests. It was found that the customer perception has significant impacts on quality variable, and it also has a significant and positive effect on customer loyalty. This suggests that consumers consider the perception they received influenced the perceived quality of the restaurants they purchase from when they decide to continue to order from them in the future. The results of this study reveal the key aspects of service quality that have the greatest impact on customer loyalty. Factors such as punctuality, accuracy, responsiveness, and staff courtesy have been proven to be important factors in customer loyalty. Therefore, it is essential for fast food restaurants to continuously invest in improving these aspects to improve the quality of their service and thereby gain customer loyalty.

Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences

Reconstructions of extinct animals play an important role in vertebrate palaeontology. Such reconstructions represent visual hypotheses regarding the original morphology of the vertebrates they depict, which are amenable to future testing as additional information comes to light through discoveries of new specimens and re-examination of specimens that have already been collected. In this contribution, we argue that the scientific value of reconstructing a fossil vertebrate extends beyond simple presentation of a visual hypothesis, because the process of creating a reconstruction is itself analytical and hypothetico-deductive. Successive drafts of the reconstruction represent provisional visual hypotheses that can be tested on the basis of their internal consistency and their congruence with empirical evidence about the extinct taxon that is the reconstruction’s subject. Iterative refinement of the reconstruction over successive rounds of testing and modification is likely to lead to discoveries about the subject’s anatomy, as certain anatomical possibilities are rejected and others found to be plausible. These anatomical discoveries, here termed first-order inferences, may in turn lead to second-order inferences about functional morphology or other aspects of palaeobiology. Three case studies from dinosaur palaeontology, respectively involving the skull of the hadrosaurid Edmontosaurus Lambe, 1917, the forelimb of the ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus Sternberg, 1950, and the hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid, are provided to illustrate how the process of reconstruction can be a fertile source of discoveries.

The Effect of Giving Tofu Dregs and Manure on The Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) Plants

Pakcoy is a variety of mustard greens whose leaves are used as a vegetable. Pakcoy mustard greens are also often called spoon mustard greens because their shape resembles a spoon. The aim of this research was to determine which factors and chemical combinations had the greatest influence on the growth of pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) plants. Experimental methodology was used in this research's quantitative approach. There were 24 samples used in this research experiment, which included 6 treatments and 4 replications. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used in data analysis for this study. The hypothesis testing process then continues using data from the prerequisite tests, namely ordinariness test and homogeneity test. The results showed that tofu dregs and manure had no effect on the total fresh weight of harvested plants, but did affect plant height and number of leaves at 2 WAP and 6 WAP observations.including the addition of soil and manure, has the best composition for growth in plant height and wet weight of the entire crop.The combination of soil, tofu dregs and manure is a good treatment for increasing the number of leaves.The plant height parameter observed at 2 WAP and 4 WAP in treatments P3 and P1 was the as it were parameter that was altogether diverse between each treatment, based on the findings of the BNT test.

Impact of tax regulation on the development of financial technology in Indonesia

Purpose — The objective of this study is to assess the influence of recently enacted tax legislation in May 2022 on the advancement of fintech in Indonesia.Method — The present study utilizes a quantitative approach to gather empirical data and conduct hypothesis testing. The population under investigation in this study consists of the total count of lender accounts across 34 provinces in Indonesia, classified according to quarterly periods. The methodology employed in this study involved selecting samples from 33 provinces. Data collection spanned from the second quarter to the fourth quarter of the 2021-2022 period, resulting in a total of 192 observations. The process of hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple regression analysis.Result — The research findings suggest that implementing fintech taxes significantly impacts the number of lender accounts in the following year. This implies that introducing taxes on fintech has a substantial influence on the lending sector, potentially leading to changes in the availability of accounts for borrowers and lenders in the year following the tax adoption.Contribution — The contribution of this study based on its novelty is that it provides unique insights into the consequences of the recently enacted fintech taxes, which took effect on May 1, 2022. Before this research, no other investigations had explored this specific topic, making this study the first of its kind to shed light on the implications of the regulatory changes within the fintech industry.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE QUANTUM LEARNING LEARNING MODEL BY PAYING ATTENTION TO LEARNING INTEREST IN STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study generally aims to determine the effectiveness of Quantum Learning on student learning outcomes. In particular, this study aims to determine the difference in student learning outcomes between those taught with Quantum Learning and lecture methods, to determine the interaction of Quantum Learning and learning interest in student learning outcomes, and to determine the differences in student learning outcomes in high learning interest and low learning interest taught with Quantum Learning and those taught with the lecture method. This research uses an experimental method with factorial experiment design. The hypothesis testing process in this study uses the two-way Anava statistical technique (Two Way Anova). Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it shows that, there are differences in learning outcomes in students taught using Quantum Learning accompanied by high interest in learning of 82.73 with those taught using the lecture method amounting to 48.80. Thus, the results of the study stated that there is an effectiveness of the application of Quantum Learning learning to the learning outcomes of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) and there is an interaction between Quantum Learning and learning interest in SKI learning outcomes, there is also a reduction in learning outcomes in students who have high interest in learning and who have low interest in learning. This implies that in applying the learning model to learning activities, teachers need to pay attention to the level of interest in learning students.

Are Only p-Values Less Than 0.05 Significant? A p-Value Greater Than 0.05 Is Also Significant!

Statistical hypothesis testing compares the significance probability value and the significance level value to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. This concludes "significant or not significant." However, since this process is a process of statistical hypothesis testing, the conclusion of "statistically significant or not statistically significant" is more appropriate than the conclusion of "significant or not significant." Also, in many studies, the significance level is set to 0.05 to compare with the significance probability value, p-value. If the p-value is less than 0.05, it is judged as "significant," and if the p-value is greater than 0.05, it is judged as "not significant." However, since the significance probability is a value set by the researcher according to the circumstances of each study, it does not necessarily have to be 0.05. In a statistical hypothesis test, the conclusion depends on the setting of the significance level value, so the researcher must carefully set the significance level value. In this study, the stages of statistical hypothesis testing were examined in detail, and the exact conclusions accordingly and the contents that should be considered carefully when interpreting them were mentioned with emphasis on statistical hypothesis testing and significance level. In 11 original articles published in the Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis in 2022, the interpretation of hypothesis testing and the contents of the described conclusions were reviewed from the perspective of statistical hypothesis testing and significance level, and the content that I would like to be supplemented was mentioned.

Faculty & Management Perspective Of T.Q.M Implementation At Medical Universities/ Colleges/ Teaching Hospitals of The City of Lahore (Pakistan)

Corporate sustainability and consumer eco-emotion is one of the emerging topics in Pakistan. It is the important according to Pakistan circumstances to measure the interest of consumer towards corporate sustainability. That why this research has been done to find out the relationship and impact of consumer eco-emotion and corporate sustainability. This research contributes towards the individual consumer response, guilt attitude, buying behavior and perception of individual for exploitation of company which is very common factor on Pakistan. The research is conducted with the help of primary and secondary data source of data. Secondary data include articles, journals, newspaper, websites and books. Primary data include questionnaire which I distributed throughout different location in Lahore. It is a consumer based research so I circulated questionnaire among different consumer with the sample size of 300 respondent. In the current research study. I have applied demographic analysis test (to determine the frequency distribution). In statistical analysis first of all I checked reliability of test tool by Cronbach’ Alpha test then check the normality of data by applying normality test. Then I applied correlation, linear regression.one way ANOVA and cross tabulation to identify and determine the strength of relationship of consumer eco-emotion with corporate sustainability. The entire process of hypothesis testing and analysis has been done by using SPSS 20.It is showed from the findings of study that a weak correlation exist between consumer eco-emotion and corporate sustainability. Consumer eco-emotion shows its weak relation for corporate sustainability, corporate social responsibility and corporate environmental responsibility. Companies should have to increase their trust in the eyes of the consumer for social activities. The guilt is not present in Pakistani consumer so this is the main factor and alarming situation for companies and consumer. Demographics of consumer also measure in this research which show the relationship with sustainable organization.
 

BDJ Open 2021 - our most successful year to date.

This paper aims to provide an update on the previous version published towards the end of last year, titled 'BDJ Open (2019-2020) and the advantages of open access publishing'. In this paper, we will highlight articles published throughout 2021, in order to focus on which areas authors felt were important to publish open access and also which areas have been expanded upon in the journal. Furthermore, this paper will examine how open access publishing in BDJ Open has enabled the continuous process of hypothesis testing to be shared more widely, as well as how publishing protocols and early results open access gives strength to that by allowing earlier opportunity for comment by other researchers, both through the peer review process and through further correspondence to authors directly and to the journal editors who publish their work.

A randomness perspective on intelligence processes

We study intelligence processes using a diffusion IRT model with random variability in cognitive model parameters: variability in drift rate (the trend of information accumulation toward a correct or incorrect response) and variability in starting point (from where the information accumulation starts). The random variation concerns randomness across person-item pairs and cannot be accounted for by individual and inter-item differences. Interestingly, the models explain the conditional dependencies between response accuracy and response time that are found in previous studies on cognitive ability tests, leading us to the formulation of a randomness perspective on intelligence processes. For an empirical test, we have analyzed verbal analogies data and matrix reasoning data using diffusion IRT models with different variability assumptions. The results indicate that 1) models with random variability fit better than models without, with implications for the conditional dependencies in both types of tasks; 2) for verbal analogies, random variation in drift rate seems to exist, which can be explained by person-by-item word knowledge differences; and 3) for both types of tasks, the starting point variation was also established, in line with the inductive nature of the tasks, requiring a sequential hypothesis testing process. Finally, the correlation of individual differences in drift rate and SAT suggests a meta-strategic choice of respondents to focus on accuracy rather than speed when they have a higher cognitive capacity and when the task is one for which investing in time pays off. This seems primarily the case for matrix reasoning and less so for verbal analogies.

Consistency and Sensitivity Evaluation of the Saudi Arabia Mental Health Surveillance System (MHSS): Hypothesis Generation and Testing.

BackgroundPublic health surveillance systems should be evaluated periodically, and the evaluation should include recommendations for improving the system’s quality and efficiency. Each surveillance system may have a unique situation in which evaluating its quality depends on its methodology, aims, and other factors, such as the frequency of repeating the survey in the case of survey-based surveillance.ObjectiveAs the consistency of the surveillance system to capture demographic data and its sensitivity to monitor the intended health-related event are important indicators of the quality of the surveillance system, the aim of this article is to evaluate the Saudi Arabia Mental Health Surveillance System (MHSS) in terms of consistency and sensitivity via the scientific hypothesis testing process.MethodsThe quality of the MHSS was assessed by examining (1) the consistency of the main demographic variables and (2) the sensitivity to changes in score between the 2 mental health screening tools used in the MHSS and between the 3 waves collected in 3 consecutive months. The assessment uses all data collected via the MHSS between May 2020 and July 2020. The first null hypothesis predicted there were differences between the distributions of the demographic variables between the 3 waves. The second predicted there were no differences between the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) between the 3 waves.ResultsIn terms of sampling variables (age, gender, and region), there were no significant differences between the 3 waves in age, using one-way ANOVA, nor in gender and region, using the chi-square test. In addition, there were no significant differences between the 3 waves in all other demographic variables, except in the income variable. However, in terms of the PHQ-9 score, the one-way ANOVA (F2,12334=8.05; P<.001) showed significant differences between waves. Similarly, significant differences between waves were found in the GAD-7 score (F2,12334=7.09; P=.001).ConclusionsThe MHSS showed a consistent distribution of the sample demographic variables, while being sensitive to the changes in mental health scores across waves. The MHSS can generate an acceptable level of consistency and sensitivity to monitor mental health trends.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/23748

Impact of 7s model, Strategic Human Resources Management functions and moderating effect of people strategy on organizational performance in Insurance industry of Sri Lanka.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of 7S model, moderating effect of people strategy and strategic human resource management functions on organizational performance and applications in the Sri Lankan insurance companies considering the 7S model as a organizational strategic planning tool which assists and drive organizations. 7S model defines organizational factors which are separating excellent businesses from other aspects .The success of a business depends on interrelated seven factors. The distinctive argument of the 7S model is that the process of strategic planning is made up of creating strategies and considering the other factors expressed in the model. Thus, it is claimed that business succeeds with the coherent corporation of the strategy factor and below explained factors. The 7S model focuses on key SHRM dimensions which are critical to any organization namely, Strategy, Structure, Systems, Staff, Shared Values and Style. The researcher focuses on the study how these seven elements and Statistics, measurement driven tools impact on organizational performance with moderating effect of people strategy. The study sample consisted (29 ) Licensed Insurance Companies (LIC,s) individual employees of leadership and supervisory functions in insurance companies operating in Sri Lanka, where the questionnaire was developed to gauge the views of the respondents consisting of (576) employees. After a process of data analysis and hypothesis testing using SPSS package and AMOS, the study found the importance and benefits and the possibility of relying on the 7S strategic planning tool in strengthening the application of strategic human management functions. The study recommends that design of appropriate organizational SHRM functions, which are pushing for more performance of insurance companies and application of new knowledge as a prerequisite for higher firm’s performance.

The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Marketing Performance:

Technology advancement has supported the market performance around the world even in the developing world. Moreover, firms in the market seek finding best means to reach to customers and also develop their business gradually and efficiently. This study is a quantitative study, the survey aims to identify and clarify how information and communication technology affect marketing performance at Majid Mall in Sulaimania. The survey has close-ended question, seeking the answers of the questions aimed at examining all of the hypotheses tested in this study. The research community in this study consisted of employees at Majid mall supermarket in Sulemani. This survey is descriptive and correlational. This survey was a random sampling for employees in Majid mall, in which 120 participants from the administrative staff of the mall have taken part voluntarily. For analyzing the collected empirical data the researchers used the software package for statistical analysis SPSS V.21 and for testing all hypotheses through the regression method. The results showed that the statistical process of hypothesis testing has revealed the remarkable role of ICT based on using (network, database, and software) is the greatest significance where (Beta= 0.366, Sig= 0.004) it positively and straightway retreats on marketing performance. The researchers recommend improving ICT facilities in Majid mall shopping for the sake of improving their market performance in the long-run. Moreover, it supports employee's development in terms of quantity, quality, and promotes the ICT culture through the formulation and implementation of more frequent technology-specific training programs for their staff.

Pengaruh Leverage dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility

Management of natural resources and environment who is not responsible the main issues disclosure of corporate social responsibility . This study aims to determine the influence of leverage and profitability on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The company sampled 42 high profile companies selected using purposive sampling techniques. The hypothesis testing process is done using panel regression. Based on the test results found that leverage is insignificant to CSR disclosure, while profitability has a significant positive influence on CSR disclosure. High profile Company is a company that has a high level of sensitivity to the environment. The company's operational activities are high profile potential and directly related to the environment. It is expected that for High Profile Company management in order to maintain and improve the company's performance, the greater the financial performance will increase CSR disclosure. Cara Mengutip: Rivandi, M., Dewi, M. K., & Meirina, E. (2021). Pengaruh Leverage dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility. Esensi: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 11 (1), xx-xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/ess.v11i1.14249.

The impact of a proactive personality on innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and transformational leadership

PurposeThrough the lens of social exchange theory, this study aims to assess the relationship between proactive personality and innovative work behavior by incorporating the mediating role of work engagement and moderating role of transformational leadership between proactive personality and work engagement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 259 employees working in Pakistani small-medium enterprises (SMEs). The purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. For hypothesis testing, Preacher and Hayes process macro was employed.FindingsConfirmatory factor analysis verified the distinctiveness of the variables used in this study. The findings show that a proactive personality had a positive influence on innovative work behavior directly and indirectly through work engagement, and transformational leadership positively moderates the relationship between a proactive personality and work engagement in such a way that with high transformational leadership behavior relationship will be strengthened.Originality/valueThis study has addressed three research questions that have been left unanswered in the literature. The initial research question is “how proactive personality enhances innovative work behavior?” This study found that proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior. The second research question is “what are the suggested mechanisms for proactive personality to promote innovative work behavior?” This study has proven that a proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior through an important mediating mechanism, namely work engagement. Finally, the third question of the study is “does transformational leadership moderate the relationship between proactive personality and work engagement? The study shows that transformational leadership positively moderates between proactive personality and work engagement.

Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Dewan Komisaris Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Prusahaan Sektor Pertambangan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to determine the impact of managerial ownerships, board of commissioners and audit committee on the achievement of mining sector companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample used is the mining sub-sector company. Data used from 2015 to 2019. The hypothesis testing process is carried out with multiple regression partial testing. The results of testing the first hypothesis found that managerial ownership had no significant effect on company performance, while the board of commissioners and audit committee had a significant effect on the performance of the coal mining sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Return on Assets, Good Corporate Governance &amp; Mining Sub Sector

Hypothesis Testing Ordinary Meaning

The past decade has seen rapidly growing interest in the use of language corpora (large collections of machine readable texts) for the purpose of determining the ordinary or plain meaning of terms in the areas of statutory and constitutional interpretation. The primary benefits of this practice is that corpora provide reliable, replicable insights into how terms are used by language users in their ordinary, day-to-day contexts. The practice is not uncontroversial, however, as some critics have expressed concerns over the reliability of corpus linguistic analyses. In the current paper, we address these concerns by advocating for a hypothesis testing approach to corpus-linguistic analyses of ordinary meaning. First, we describe the scientific process of hypothesis testing. Then we argue that the components of an ordinary meaning determination (an inductive inference about a characteristic of a population based on that characteristic of a sample) mirror those of the classic hypothesis testing paradigm. Finally, we lead readers through an demonstration of the hypothesis testing approach to corpus-linguistic analyses of ordinary meaning in the context of H. L. A. Hart's no vehicles in the park hypothetical.

Milestones in the History of Schizophrenia. A Comprehensive Chronology of Schizophrenia Research: What Do We Know and When Did We Know It

Milestones in the History of Schizophrenia. A Comprehensive Chronology of Schizophrenia Research: What Do We Know and When Did We Know It

Unraveling biogeochemical complexity through better integration of experiments and modeling.

The evolution of groundwater quality in natural and contaminated aquifers is affected by complex interactions between physical transport and biogeochemical reactions. Identifying and quantifying the processes that control the overall system behavior is the key driver for experimentation and monitoring. However, we argue that, in contrast to other disciplines in earth sciences, process-based computer models are currently vastly underutilized in the quest for understanding subsurface biogeochemistry. Such models provide an essential avenue for quantitatively testing hypothetical combinations of interacting, complex physical and chemical processes. If a particular conceptual model, and its numerical counterpart, cannot adequately reproduce observed experimental data, its underlying hypothesis must be rejected. This quantitative process of hypothesis testing and falsification is central to scientific discovery. We provide a perspective on how closer interactions between experimentalists and numerical modelers would enhance this scientific process, and discuss the potential limitations that are currently holding us back. We also propose a data-model nexus involving a greater use of numerical process-based models for a more rigorous analysis of experimental observations while also generating the basis for a systematic improvement in the design of future experiments.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ВЕЛИЧИНИ МЕТРИКИ, ЩО ЗАСТОСОВУЄТЬСЯ ДЛЯ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ПОДІБНОСТІ МАРШРУТІВ СУДЕН УСИСТЕМІ ВИСВІТЛЕННЯ НАДВОДНОЇ ОБСТАНОВКИ

The information component of the modern model of border protection in the maritime area is implemented using the integrated information and telecommunication system of the Marine Guard "Gart-12". The use of this system allows to obtain information about the current position of ships, port of departure and port of destination, type of cargo and other additional data. When choosing a vessel in the surface lighting system, it is possible to view the previous points of its route, obtained at certain discrete moments of time. The latter is necessary to establish possible signs of violation of the rules of the border regime by violators of border legislation. In this case, the visualization of the route is carried out using a linear approximation, and a possible violation of the rules of the border regime is established by comparing the route of an individual vessel and a cluster of routes connecting the departure and destination of the vessel. However, the use of linear approximation in the formation of a continuous approximation route of the vessel is questionable and unconfirmed. The influence of the type of approximation in the construction of a continuous route of the vessel through a set of discrete points of the vessel's location at fixed moments of time on the value of the metric used to establish the similarity of the route of two different vessels is investigated. The study involved: the formalization of the studied problem; analysis of the possibility of using linear, piecewise-square approximation, approximation using Lagrange interpolation polynomial and Newton's interpolation polynomial, as well as spline interpolation for its solution; calculation of metrics to establish the degree of similarity of ship routes; testing the hypothesis about the feasibility of applying a linear approximation based on a comparison of the results using different approximation methods. Software-algorithmic implementation of the solution of the researched problem, carried out by the authors, allows to automate the process of hypothesis testing and is the basis for further study of the influence of the type of approximation on the shape of the ship route cluster.