Process Of Expulsion Research Articles

Mechanism of collagen type IV regulation by focal adhesion kinase during retained fetal membranes in dairy cows

Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is an important reproductive disease in dairy cows, caused by maternal and fetal placental tissue adhesion. The main collagen in maternal and fetal placenta tissues is collagen type IV (COL-IV) and its breakdown is the key to placental expulsion. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been shown to regulate the hydrolysis of Col-IV by affecting the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, but the regulation of the mechanisms involved in placenta expulsion in dairy cows after postpartum are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of RFM by studying the relationship between the FAK signaling pathway and COL-IV regulation. Maternal placental tissues were collected from six healthy and six cows with RFM of similar age, parity, body condition and milk yield at 12 h postpartum. In vitro experiments were performed on bovine endometrial epithelial cells from three groups including a FAK inhibitor group, a FAK activator group and a control group without FAK inhibitor and activator. The abundance of molecules involved in the FAK signaling pathway and COL-IV was detected by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The immunohistochemical results showed that the key molecules of FAK signaling pathway FAK, Src, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and Col-IV were expressed in placental tissues. The expression level of FAK, Src, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and the abundances of COL-IV were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in maternal placental tissues of RFM cows compared with healthy cows. In the FAK inhibitor treatment group, the relative expression levels of FAK and other related proteins were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and the relative expression levels of COL-IV were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) with the results of the FAK activation group the opposite. These results indicated that FAK in maternal endometrial epithelial cells could regulate the hydrolysis process of Col-IV through the expression of key factors of signaling pathways and promote collagen hydrolysis, which in turn facilitated the process of postpartum placenta expulsion in dairy cows.

Dynamic simulation of differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superimposed basin: A case study of Lower Paleozoic petroleum system of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

According to the complex differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superposition basins, the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin is selected as a typical case, and the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, migration and accumulation, adjustment and transformation of deep oil and gas is restored by means of reservoine-forming dynamics simulation. The thermal evolution history of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tahe Oilfield reflects the obvious differences in hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process and intensity in different tectonic zones, which is the main reason controlling the differences in deep oil and gas phases. The complex transport system composed of strike-slip fault and unconformity, etc. controlled early migration and accumulation and late adjustment of deep oil and gas, while the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt rock in inner carbonate platform prevented vertical migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas, resulting in an obvious “fault-controlled” feature of deep oil and gas, in which the low potential area superimposed by the NE-strike-slip fault zone and deep oil and gas migration was conducive to accumulation, and it is mainly beaded along the strike-slip fault zone in the northeast direction. The dynamic simulation of reservoir formation reveals that the spatio-temporal configuration of “source-fault-fracture-gypsum-preservation” controls the differential accumulation of deep oil and gas in Tahe Oilfield. The Ordovician has experienced the accumulation history of multiple periods of charging, vertical migration and accumulation, and lateral adjustment and transformation, and deep oil and gas have always been in the dynamic equilibrium of migration, accumulation and escape. The statistics of residual oil and gas show that the deep stratum of Tahe Oilfield still has exploration and development potential in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation, and the Middle and Upper Cambrian ultra-deep stratum has a certain oil and gas resource prospect. This study provides a reference for the dynamic quantitative evaluation of deep oil and gas in the Tarim Basin, and also provides a reference for the study of reservoir formation and evolution in carbonate reservoir of paleo-craton basin.

Quantum thermodynamics with a single superconducting vortex.

We demonstrate complete control over dynamics of a single superconducting vortex in a nanostructure, which we coin the Single Vortex Box. Our device allows us to trap the vortex in a field-cooled aluminum nanosquare and expel it on demand with a nanosecond pulse of electrical current. Using the time-resolving nanothermometry we measure [Formula: see text] joules as the amount of the dissipated heat in the elementary process of the single-vortex expulsion. Our experiment enlightens the thermodynamics of the absorption process in the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, in which vortices are perceived to be essential for a formation of a detectable hotspot. The demonstrated opportunity to manipulate a single superconducting vortex reliably in a confined geometry comprises a proof of concept of a nanoscale nonvolatile memory cell with subnanosecond write and read operations, which offers compatibility with quantum processors based either on superconducting qubits or on rapid single-flux quantum circuits.

Identification and evaluation of shale oil micro-migration and its petroleum geological significance

Taking the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation shale in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin, NW China, as an example, core observation, test analysis, geological analysis and numerical simulation were applied to identify the shale oil micro-migration phenomenon. The hydrocarbon micro-migration in shale oil was quantitatively evaluated and verified by a self-created hydrocarbon expulsion potential method, and the petroleum geological significance of shale oil micro-migration evaluation was determined. Results show that significant micro-migration can be recognized between the organic-rich lamina and organic-poor lamina. The organic-rich lamina has strong hydrocarbon generation ability. The heavy components of hydrocarbon preferentially retained by kerogen swelling or adsorption, while the light components of hydrocarbon were migrated and accumulated to the interbedded felsic or carbonate organic-poor laminae as free oil. About 69% of the Fengcheng Formation shale samples in Well MY1 exhibit hydrocarbon charging phenomenon, while 31% of those exhibit hydrocarbon expulsion phenomenon. The reliability of the micro-migration evaluation results was verified by combining the group components based on the geochromatography effect, two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the geochemical behavior of inorganic manganese elements in the process of hydrocarbon migration. Micro-migration is a bridge connecting the hydrocarbon accumulation elements in shale formations, which reflects the whole process of shale oil generation, expulsion and accumulation, and controls the content and composition of shale oil. The identification and evaluation of shale oil micro-migration will provide new perspectives for dynamically differential enrichment mechanism of shale oil and establishing a “multi-peak model in oil generation” of shale.

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Crude Oils with Different Freezing Points and the Genetic Mechanism of High-Freezing-Point Crude Oils in the Dongying Sag.

The freezing point of crude oils is an important factor affecting the process of exploration, development, and transportation of crude oils. In the Dongying Sag, the freezing point of crude oils varies greatly in space, and high-freezing-point crude oils have been found in many structural belts. The freezing point of crude oils in the Dongying Sag is generally high, ranging from -40 to 80 °C. The distribution of high-freezing-point crude oils in the Dongying Sag is scattered, and they have been found at different depths, layers, and structural belts, with relatively more occurrences in specific areas. Based on the relationship between the wax content and the resin + asphaltene content, the high-freezing-point crude oils in the Dongying Sag can be classified into three types (type A, type B, and type C). Type A, type B, and type C high-freezing-point crude oils are mainly found in the gentle slope zone, depression zone, and uplift zone, respectively. The contents of wax and resins + asphaltenes in crude oils are the key factors controlling the freezing point of crude oils in the Dongying Sag. Oil source correlation using biomarkers and n-alkane carbon isotopes demonstrates that different types of high-freezing-point crude oils are generated from different source rocks, indicating that the source of crude oils is not the only factor controlling the freezing point of crude oils. The hydrocarbon-generating parent material of hydrocarbon source rocks developed in different depositional environments of the Dongying Sag is generally characterized by the dominance of bacteria and algae and is supplemented by terrestrial higher plants. This lays the material foundation for the formation of waxes during the maturation of hydrocarbon source rocks. The change of temperature and pressure conditions during the process of oil expulsion from source rocks and migration in the carrier bed will lead to phase fractionation and composition changes of oils, thus forming type A freezing point crude oils in the slope zone and type B freezing point oils in the depression zone. The increase in resin and asphaltene content caused by biodegradation and water washing in shallower buried oil reservoirs is the reason for the formation of type C high-freezing-point crude oils. The research results indicate that the organic matter composition and hydrocarbon alteration during migration and accumulation jointly control the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils in lacustrine basins. The extensive input of terrestrial organic matter into the source rocks of the lacustrine basin laid the foundation for the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils, and the migration fractionation and biodegradation of the crude oils further promoted the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils.

Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Penatalaksanaan Non Farmakologi untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Persalinan

Labor is the process of expulsion of the fetus that occurs in full-term pregnancies born spontaneously with a rear-head presentation without complications to the mother and fetus. During childbirth, the mother feels pain that can interfere with comfort during contractions. Labor pain appears during the first stage of the active phase. Methods to reduce pain due to labor can be done with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Non-pharmacological will not give side effects to the mother. Non-pharmacological techniques are usually deep breathing relaxation techniques, warm/cold compresses, music therapy, aromatherapy, and massage. Objective: to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about non-pharmacological management to reduce labor pain. Methods: counseling, discussion, question, and answer, as well as pretest and posttest. Result: there is an increase in knowledge of pregnant women who have good knowledge by 29,1%, namely from 62,5% increased to 91,6%. Conclusion: there is an increase in the knowledge of pregnant women about non-pharmacological management to reduce labor pain after receiving health education.

Preschool and Childcare Expulsion

The purpose of this review is to understand what has been learned over the past 20 years of research on preschool and childcare expulsions in the United States. Our literature search identified 16 research studies on this topic. An extensive review of the identified studies was conducted to critically examine the methods used to measure expulsion, the purposes of the reviewed studies, and interventions used to mitigate expulsion rates. Results from this review revealed that researchers have examined the rates of expulsion and factors that could influence expulsion, such as predictive and risk factors (e.g., demographics, disability status), teachers' roles, teacher–family relationships, and interventions. Notably, the reviewed studies highlighted high rates of expulsion among Black male students and students with disabilities. Many teachers reported high stress, limited access to resources, and challenging relationships with administrators and parents during the process of expulsion. Although a variety of methods (e.g., survey, interview, observation) were used to measure expulsion rates, surveys were the primary method of data collection. Interventions targeting teacher well-being, mental health consultation, and classroom-wide interventions (e.g., Pyramid Model) were found to be promising methods for reducing expulsions. Based on the results, gaps in the literature and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Comparative analysis of the criminal law institution “Expulsion from the Republic of Kazakhstan of a foreigner or stateless person”

The article illustrates problematic issues of regulation and practice of applying foreigner or stateless persons expulsion from the Republic of Kazakhstan as a criminal punishment type. The analysis of the features of regulation and the practice of applying such punishment abroad and in Kazakhstan was carried out. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive theory and practice analysis of the expulsion implementation as a criminal punishment type. The research is carried out through general and special legal methods, analysis and generalization of the legal norms governing expulsion in the legislation of different countries, the comparative legal method allows us to identify the main trends in the legal institution development “expulsion of a foreigner or stateless person” at the present time. The main result of the research is the provision on the need to improve the institute “Expulsion of a foreigner or stateless person” in the criminal law of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As conclusions, additions to the norms of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan are proposed, aimed at improving the Criminal Code Article 51, specifying the process of expulsion, as well as conditions list under which expulsion from the Republic of Kazakhstan is not assigned. It is proposed to supplement the article with provisions on “indefinite expulsion from the Republic of Kazakhstan”.

Basin modelling and source rock characteristics of the Late Palaeoproterozoic Cuizhuang Formation in the Yuncheng sub‐basin, North China: Implications for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history

The present investigation is the first to provide information on the formation, process and influence factors for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential of the Cuizhuang Formation source rock in the Yuncheng sub‐basin to decipher the reason why no commercial petroleum resources have been found so far. In this study, data from the Jitan‐1 well in the Yuncheng sub‐basin were applied for the Cuizhuang Formation source rock basin modelling and organic geochemical analyses to reconstruct the burial and thermal evolution history and reveal the timing and process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. The modelling results indicate that the peak palaeotemperature of the Cuizhuang Formation source rock reached ~205°C in the Middle Carboniferous (~327 Ma) at a maximum burial depth of ~4000 m, when rapid burial subsidence and thermal events played a significant role in increasing thermal maturity. The Cuizhuang Formation generated and expelled small amounts of hydrocarbons from the Early Ordovician until the Middle Carboniferous, starting with the primary kerogen cracking and conversion to oil from the Early to Middle Ordovician (~476–461 Ma), corresponding to the thermal maturity values of 0.55–0.70 %VRo and transformation ratio (TR) &lt;10%. The expulsion of most generated oil (0.70–1.30 %VRo, TR of 10%–90%) started from the Middle Ordovician to the Early Carboniferous (~461–351 Ma), before reaching the secondary cracking of the retained oil into gas (&gt;1.30 %VRo and TR of 90%–100%) from the Early to Middle Carboniferous (~351–327 Ma). Destruction of the initial formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yuncheng sub‐basin was primarily controlled by the Middle Carboniferous tectonic event with its major uplift‐erosion, resulting in the absence of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in recent exploration activities in some parts of the Yuncheng sub‐basin.

Implementasi Pemberian Aromaterapi Lavender untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Post Sectio Caesarea di Ruang Haji RSI Banjarnegara: Case Study

Background : Labor is the process of expulsion of the fetus that occurs during a full-term pregnancy, with the expulsion of the placenta and membranes. Problems during saecarea due to tearing of tissue after a cesarean section may cause pain due to surgery.&#x0D; Objectives: This study aims to describe nursing care of patients with disturbed pain comfort Mrs. S With a Post Section Caesarea Medical Diagnosis at RSI Banjarnegara.&#x0D; Methods: This type of study is descriptive in the form of case studies. The sample used in this case study is Mrs. S with a sense of discomfort and pain disorder. The focus of the study discussed by the author is pain comfort disorders in postoperative sectio caesaria patients. Processing and analyzing data using descriptive analysis.&#x0D; Result: The three nursing diagnoses that have been established show that the acute pain associated with the physical injury agent is partially resolved, the other diagnoses that have been established have been resolved.&#x0D; Conclusion: Non-pharmacological therapy with Lavender aromatherapy can relieve Post Sectio Caesarea Pain

Potential resources of conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas from Paleogene Wenchang Formation source rocks in the Huizhou Depression

Conventional and tight unconventional oil and gas resources in the Huizhou Depression have shown broad exploration prospects, which mainly originate from Wenchang Formation source rocks. Thus far, studies on Wenchang Formation source rocks mainly focused on the geochemical characteristics and conventional petroleum resource evaluation; however, the correlation of conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas, and their resources are still unknown. In fact, the formation of conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas are intrinsically related, which allows for a more objective evaluation to consider the three types of oil and gas resources simultaneously in the whole dynamic process of both hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, as well as reservoir tightness history. In this work, based on geological and geochemical analyses, the improved hydrocarbon generation potential method was utilized to establish a hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model of the Wenchang Formation source rocks. Then, combined with the reservoir tightness history, the conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas resources were evaluated. The results show that the Wenchang Formation source rocks are distributed in the whole depressions, with a thickness of 50-1850 m and an average total organic carbon content of 2.2%. The organic matter is mainly type II and is mature-high maturity. The Wenchang Formation source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and expulsion threshold at a vitrinite reflectivity of 0.43% and 0.65%, respectively, and the reservoir evolved completely tight at 2.3 Ma. Overall, the Lower and Upper Wenchang Formation contain a large amount of conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas resources. Cited as: Hu, T., Wu, G., Xu, Z., Pang, X., Liu, Y., Yu, S. Potential resources of conventional, tight, and shale oil and gas from Paleogene Wenchang Formation source rocks in the Huizhou Depression. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(5): 402-414. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2022.05.05

Effectiveness of Implementing Oxytocy Massage to Stimulate Contractions

Childbirth is a process of spontaneous expulsion of the fetus, placenta, and membranes through the birth canal without any complications. In the labor process, the frequency and duration of the hours are very influential. If the frequency and duration of the hys are not good, it will make the labor process take longer and make the mother feel more uncomfortable. The aim of this research is to find out how effective oxytocin massage is in stimulating contractions in the Pekkabata Community Health Center working area. The research method used in this research is an experimental research method. With pre-test and post-test The results of research using the pre-test and post-test showed that the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in stimulating contractions in the Pekkabata Health Center Work Area showed that oxytocin massage was effective in stimulating contractions, with a sign value obtained of 0.016 &lt;0.05. With a significance level of &lt;0.05, this shows that oxytocin massage is effective in stimulating the contractions of mothers giving birth in the Pekkabata Health Center Working Area.

Evaluation method of hydrocarbon yield of source rocks in open, semiopen, and closed systems: A case study on the K1qn Formation, northern Songliao Basin, China

Hydrocarbon yield of source rocks is an important parameter in the evaluation of oil and gas resources, and its value determines the potential of conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. There is no oil cracking into gas in the thermal pyrolysis experiment data of an open system, whereas kerogen cracking into oil in a closed system is involved in the calculation of oil cracking into gas. However, most source rocks in sedimentary basins are a process of hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon expulsion, which could lead to insufficient understanding of hydrocarbon yield of source rocks. Based on the multiple thermal pyrolysis experiment data, three hydrocarbon generation kinetic models, and actual geologic data (burial history, thermal history, and hydrocarbon generation threshold), we established the evaluation method and chart of hydrocarbon yield of source rocks under open, semiopen, and closed systems by using the hydrocarbon generation kinetics method. The concept of degree of openness was proposed. From a closed system to an open system, the degree of openness increases gradually, and its value changes from 0 to 1. Taking the K1qn Formation in the northern Songliao Basin as an example, the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the K1qn Formation source rock is approximately 70%, and it can be approximated as the degree of openness. Based on our method for evaluating hydrocarbon yield of source rocks, the charts of hydrocarbon yield of source rocks under open system, semiopen system with a degree of openness of 0.7, and closed system of the K1qn Formation in the northern Songliao Basin were established. The oil and gas yields of the K1qn Formation source rocks in a semiopen system with a degree of openness of 0.7 are approximately 540 and 105 mgHC/gTOC at a burial depth of 2000 m, respectively. Our results indicate that the hydrocarbon yield of source rocks in a semiopen system is closer to the hydrocarbon yield of source rocks under geologic condition. We use the thermal pyrolysis experiment data, hydrocarbon generation kinetics model, and geologic data to propose a very valuable evaluation method of hydrocarbon yield of source rock, which has a solid theoretical basis and strong applicability.

A Qualitative Examination of the Parent–Teacher Relationship and Early Childhood Expulsion

Children in the United States are being expelled from their early care and education settings at alarming rates. A growing body of research indicates that teachers' perceptions of parents may impact their decision to request a child's removal from their classroom. Nevertheless, few studies have simultaneously captured the voices of both parents and teachers when describing the process of expulsion and how the parent–teacher relationship can protect a child from being expelled. To identify and describe protective qualities of the parent–teacher relationship, we conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 8 parents and 8 early childhood teachers currently working with a child who was previously expelled. The parents and teachers interviewed consistently attributed the successful retention of the child in their current program following the expulsion to the transparent and open communication between home and school. Our findings indicate that one particularly important area for intervention is promoting high-quality parent–teacher relationships for all children, with special attention to how these relationships may differ for children who have previously been expelled.

CeFlowBot: A Biomimetic Flow-Driven Microrobot that Navigates under Magneto-Acoustic Fields.

Aquatic organisms within the Cephalopoda family (e.g., octopuses, squids, cuttlefish) exist that draw the surrounding fluid inside their bodies and expel it in a single jet thrust to swim forward. Like cephalopods, several acoustically powered microsystems share a similar process of fluid expulsion which makes them useful as microfluidic pumps in lab-on-a-chip devices. Herein, an array of acoustically resonant bubbles are employed to mimic this pumping phenomenon inside an untethered microrobot called CeFlowBot. CeFlowBot contains an array of vibrating bubbles that pump fluid through its inner body thereby boosting its propulsion. CeFlowBots are later functionalized with magnetic layers and steered under combined influence of magnetic and acoustic fields. Moreover, acoustic power modulation of CeFlowBots is used to grasp nearby objects and release it in the surrounding workspace. The ability of CeFlowBots to navigate remote environments under magneto-acoustic fields and perform targeted manipulation makes such microrobots useful for clinical applications such as targeted drug delivery. Lastly, an ultrasound imaging system is employed to visualize the motion of CeFlowBots which provides means to deploy such microrobots in hard-to-reach environments inaccessible to optical cameras.

Salt control on the kinematic evolution of the Southern Basque-Cantabrian Basin and its underground storage systems (Northern Spain)

Underground gas storage is one of the solutions required for reducing CO2 emissions and ensure the transition to a renewable power supply. The Hontomín pilot-plant in N-Spain is a well-studied CO2 facility located in the Burgalesa Platform, a fold belt in the Southern Basque-Cantabrian Basin. Previous works agree that crustal extension and evaporite migration controlled the subsidence in the area. The discrepancies lie in the salt expulsion models proposed during syn-rift and post-rift stages and the basin deformation during Cenozoic contraction. The models range from thin-skinned tectonics, basement-involved thrusting, strike-slip faulting, and interference between thick- and thin-skinned thrusting with lateral extrusion. There is multiple working hypothesis often with contradictory predictions of the underground structure. Understanding these structural styles is critical for identify the main salt structures suitable for gas storage in the Burgalesa Platform. We integrate multidisciplinary data from 2D seismic to wellbore, gravity and field data, allowing us to construct three restored cross-sections that illustrate the process of progradational loading and salt expulsion towards the SW during the Early Cretaceous, which led to the development of the Hontomín and other trap structures within the salt overburden. Differential loading occurred diachronously along strike during the Cenozoic, younging to the SE by evacuation of the remaining salt, which caused diapirism and salt welding. We found that most of the structures in the cover were formed by salt migration, whereas Cenozoic shortening caused the rejuvenation of salt-structures and local diapir squeezing. Shortening in the basement is consumed in the frontal thrust that overrides the Duero foreland and in the partial reactivation of the former Mesozoic transfer faults as transpressional faults. The results of this work have implications for a further understanding of the tectonic evolution of the external area of rift structures, and as tectonic analogues in other salt-bearing basins.

Bitumen geochemistry and producibility in the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation shale oil play

In the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation shale oil play, considerable oil fractions are produced directly from C14+ bitumen in place (e.g., extractable organic matter). This paper provides new insights on the geochemistry and producibility of C14+ bitumen by integrating the full process of generation, retention, conversion, expulsion, and production, as a whole, in the Niobrara shale oil system. Hydrocarbons are found not to be generated primarily from kerogen but rather from the secondary conversion of polar compounds. Maturation is essentially the underlying driving force that determines the geochemistry of C14+ bitumen in source rocks. However, the in situ cracking of C14+ bitumen does not occur in chalk reservoirs at the maturity stage investigated (430°C–465°C for the reading temperature at the maximum rate of petroleum generation by Rock-Eval 2 pyrolysis on a solvent-extracted sample). Instead of maturation, the geochemistry of C14+ bitumen present in reservoirs is principally determined by migration and associated fractionation. The intraformational migration has fractionated the generated oil into a higher saturated fluid; therefore, C14+ bitumen accumulated in chalk reservoirs is more producible than that retained in source rocks. In comparison, the bulk fractionation effect associated with production is not as pronounced as that of expulsion. Therefore, the bulk compositions of chalk bitumen strongly resemble those of crude oils. Among the least mobile nitrogen-, sulfur-, and oxygen-containing compounds, N1 species are nevertheless partitioned into crude oils during production, and the molecular weight exhibits a less apparent effect on their producibility than chemical affinity (i.e., aromaticity and aliphaticity). Accordingly, a relative enrichment of C5+ heavier carbazoles into crude oils rather than the lighter C1–5 carbazoles was documented.

Administrative and legal status of foreigners

Introduction. Today, the issue of administrative and legal status of foreigners is very important because our country needs clearer and more regulated legislation, which will not allow such phenomena as illegal migration, abuse of rights of foreigners in our country, non-compliance with duties, which leads to a violation of the law. In turn, the legislation must meet all requirements and not violate well-known human values and freedoms, so it is subject to change to improve the life of every person, regardless of his position in the state. Scientific research on foreigners and their legal and social status has been done by many researchers. Among them are such scientists as L. Voevodin, M. Inshin, T. Kirilova, M. Matuzov, M. Vitruk, O. Skakun, M. Mochulska., V. Marchenko, T. Drakokhrust, V. Zui, I. Boyko, et.al. The purpose of the paper is to study the administrative and legal status of foreigners in Ukraine, to compare Ukrainian legislation with the international standards, to analyze statistics and court practice on issues of foreigners, to analyze of scientific approaches to understanding the concept of “foreigner”. Results. With the proclamation of Ukraine as an independent state, the issue of the legal status of foreigners has become quite relevant and often studied among researchers. Certain gaps in the legislation create some problems of interaction between the country and foreigners, which can lead to restrictions on the inalienable rights and freedoms of foreigners. The paper analyzes the legal status of foreigners on the basis of research by scholars and legislation for a broader understanding. In addition, ways to solve problems are suggested in this work. The paper analyzes the case law as an example of how gaps in the legislation affect the process of expulsion or return of foreigners. Conclusions. After analyzing the current legislation on the rights and freedoms of foreigners and stateless persons, it can be stated that the rights and freedoms of foreigners and stateless citizens almost completely coincide with the rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine. Although foreigners are subject to individual restrictions on entry into Ukraine and the possibility of returning and forcibly expelling foreigners and stateless persons from Ukraine, such measures are used solely to protect the Ukrainian people and cannot be used unreasonably. It is important for every foreigner to be able to defend their rights and appeal to higher authorities in accordance with international standards. In practice, return and expulsion procedures are not always carried out effectively, which can lead to a significant delay in the procedure, which indicates that the implementation of these measures by special bodies is not yet perfect. Based on statistics and a review of current realities, we conclude that now is the right time to modernize the mechanisms for cooperation between special bodies and foreigners and give foreigners a wider range of rights before joining the EU and after Covid-19 time.

Multimillijoule terahertz radiation from laser interactions with microplasma waveguides

When a relativistic, femtosecond laser pulse enters a waveguide, the pulse energy is coupled into waveguide optical modes. The longitudinal laser field effectively accelerates electrons along the axis of the channel, while the asymmetric transverse electromagnetic fields tend to expel fast electrons radially outwards. At the exit of the waveguide, the ∼nC, ∼10 MeV electron bunch converts its energy to a ∼10 mJ terahertz (THz) laser pulse through coherent diffraction radiation. In this paper, we present 3D particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical analyses of the aforementioned interaction process. We investigate the process of longitudinal acceleration and radial expulsion of fast electrons, as well as the dependence of the properties of the resulting THz radiation on laser and plasma parameters and the effects of the preplasma. The simulation results indicate that the conversion efficiency of energy can be over 5% if the waveguide length is optimal and a high contrast pump laser is used. These results guide the design of more intense and powerful THz sources.

Visualizing Shame: Menstruation, Graphic Medicine, and the Discourse of Lycanthropy

Beyond its medical definition as a natural phenomenon concerning the female body, menstruation is a term that is overburdened with a plethora of distorted cultural and religious meanings. Through the centuries, the biological process of the monthly expulsion of non-pregnant women’s uterus lining is popularly misunderstood as a profane activity. Despite the surplus of awareness measurements to educate masses about menstruation’s biological underpinnings, societal negligence towards women’s incapacitating experiential realities associated with menstruation continues even in the twenty-first century. Accordingly, Paula Knight’s graphic medical memoir on infertility, titled The Facts of Life (2017), offers a distinctive perspective about menstruation through the creative deployment of the lycanthrope metaphor. By depicting her menstruating self as a lone werewolf, Knight offers a compelling representation of menstruating women’s abysmal corporeal and cultural anxieties. By close reading relevant images from Knight’s memoir and drawing theoretical insights from Victoria Louise Newton and Elizabeth El Refaie, this article analyses how graphic medicine necessitates a humane and non-stigmatizing approach to menstruation.