Entry Process Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ХМЕЛЕСУШИЛКИ С ЧАСТИЧНОЙ РЕКУПЕРАЦИЕЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Drying is an integral part of the technological process of commercial hop production. Depending on the production volume and the level of automation of the process, there are several ways to dry hop cones, including convective, microwave and sublimation. At the same time, dryers have different ratios of quality and productivity. Reducing energy costs for drying hops is an important area in the development of hop growing. In this regard, modernization and analysis of the productivity of hop dryers is a pressing issue in the current conditions of rising production costs. The aim of the research is to analyze the productivity of the MXS-25 hop dryer, modernized by installing a heat pump in the air circulation circuit and having adjustable heat recovery. The air temperature in the drying chamber was successfully controlled in the range of 60 ± 2 ° C. The preheating time required to achieve the air temperature was approximately 0.5 hours, which corresponds to approximately 5% of the total hop drying time. Comparison of the measured and calculated energy consumption values showed that the experimental values were in the range of 10.2 kWh to 11.5 kWh, averaging approximately 10.85 kWh during the experiment. Accordingly, the calculated values were in the range of 8.9 kWh and 10.2 kWh, averaging 9.55 kWh. A series of experiments comparing the drying performance using partial recovery showed that with an increase in the ambient temperature to 24 °C, the maximum relative moisture separation rate reached 6.23 kg/(kWh) with a bypass ratio of 0.86, which was higher than that of 5.54 kg/(kWh) for drying with full recovery. The partial heat recovery system is superior to the full recovery system in terms of energy efficiency and increased hop drying performance.

Viral entry mechanisms: the role of molecular simulation in unlocking a key step in viral infections.

Viral infections are a major global health concern, affecting millions of people each year. Viral entry is one of the crucial stages in the infection process, but its details remain elusive. Enveloped viruses are enclosed by a lipid membrane that protects their genetic material and these viruses are linked to various human illnesses, including influenza, and COVID-19. Due to the advancements made in the field of molecular simulation, significant progress has been made in unraveling the dynamic processes involved in viral entry of enveloped viruses. Simulation studies have provided deep insight into the function of the proteins responsible for attaching to the host receptors and promoting membrane fusion (fusion proteins), deciphering interactions between these proteins and receptors, and shedding light on the functional significance of key regions, such as the fusion peptide. These studies have already significantly contributed to our understanding of this critical aspect of viral infection and assisted the development of effective strategies to combat viral diseases and improve global health. This review focuses on the vital role of fusion proteins in facilitating the entry process of enveloped viruses and highlights the contributions of molecular simulation studies to uncover the molecular details underlying their mechanisms of action.

ViCAP usage and viability for sexual assault investigations: findings from a survey of SAKI sites

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Bureau of Justice Assistance Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (SAKI) began mandating SAKI funding awardees submit eligible cases to the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP), a database which allows for the identification and analysis of serial violent crimes. Limited research has examined the use of ViCAP by SAKI sites or SAKI site personnels’ perceptions of ViCAP. To address this gap, we conducted a survey of SAKI sites (N = 24) to identify trends regarding ViCAP personnel and training, ViCAP case entry and eligibility processes, and barriers/opportunities to increase the use of ViCAP. Findings show most sites are entering cases into ViCAP, but the utility of ViCAP as an investigatory tool is hindered by structural barriers in hiring/retention and training which prevent SAKI sites from fully leveraging ViCAP’s resources.

Light-Triggered Plasmonic DNAzyme Walker Enables Precise Subcellular Molecular Imaging with Reduced Off-Mitochondria Signal Leakage.

The development of highly sensitive and precise imaging techniques capable of visualizing crucial molecules at the subcellular level is essential for elucidating mitochondrial functions and uncovering novel mechanisms in biological processes. However, traditional molecular imaging strategies are still limited by off-mitochondria signal leakage because of the "always-active" sensing mode. To address this limitation, we have developed a light-triggered activation sequence activated plasmonic DNAzyme walker (PDW) for accurate subcellular molecular imaging by the combination of an organelle localized strategy, upconversion nanotechnology, and a plasmon enhanced fluorescence (PEF) technique. Exploiting the advantage of light activation enables precise control over when and where to activate the probe's sensing function, effectively reducing off-mitochondria signal leakage as validated by the dynamic monitoring of changes in off-mitochondria signals during the mitochondrial entry process. Furthermore, by leveraging the PEF capability of triangular gold nanoprisms (Au NPRs), the fluorescence intensity can be enhanced by approximately 11.9 times, ensuring highly sensitive and accurate subcellular molecular imaging.

Critical care resources in surge response: towards real-time situation awareness

ABSTRACT In large-scale emergencies and disasters, real-time situation awareness around health resources can be lifesaving. Understanding the situation at hand, the pressing needs and the actions needed often using information systems that require manual data entry. Relying on humans to enter data manually during surge response is both error-prone and an impediment to the critical requirement of real-time situation awareness. This paper explores the potential of Ultra-High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF RFID) technology to automate the process of manual data entry followed in providing situation awareness related to critical care resources during surge response. Using design science, an RFID-based prototype was developed to identify and track intensive care resources in real-time. The system was tested in a simulated hospital ward environment to understand deployment challenges and a dashboard was developed to reflect real-time data from multiple sources simultaneously. When properly deployed, UHF RFID can be a viable approach to automating critical care reporting during surge response. Automating routine processes can enhance data quality and minimise workload on health professionals leading to better patient care and evidence based decision-making.

Preventing Overrides of Severe Drug Allergy Alerts Initiative: an Implemented System Upgrade

Administering medications to patients with documented drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) poses a significant risk for adverse events, ranging from mild reactions to life-threatening incidents. Electronic healthcare systems have revolutionized the modern clinical decision-making process, with built in warnings. However, as these alerts become a routine part of healthcare provider’s workflow, alert fatigue becomes a challenge. This study was conducted within the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), a government healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. A taskforce of experts was formed to develop an electronic path that would prevent unintentional overrides of severe drug allergy alerts. The system underwent rigorous testing, and monitoring parameters were established. We outline the implementation of a system upgrade designed to trigger an alternative interruption in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) process, distinct from the regular allergy pop-up alerts. The alternate path is activated upon a CPOE with a drug-to-drug match and a documented severe drug allergy symptom, necessitating co-signature form another prescriber before proceeding. The adopted upgrade is a proactive approach to enhance medication safety in electronic healthcare systems, ensuring that serious allergy-related warnings are not overridden, ultimately enhancing patient safety. Further monitoring will confirm the safety and effectiveness of this measure. This study provides a model for institutions seeking to prevent allergy-related harm within their patient population.

A-182 Applications of artificial intelligence optical character recognition in laboratory clerical functions offsetting staffing shortages and error reduction

Abstract Background The clinical laboratory profession has been dealing with a decade long, and now critical retention and staffing problem. The average national turnover rate for laboratory technicians is 17%, and the highest turnover rate exhibited for phlebotomists is 36%. While turnover rates have an impact on a laboratory, or hospitals budget, more importantly they have a substantial impact on quality and error rates, particularly in the pre-analytical stage of testing; with studies showing up to 65.09% of errors impacting the pre-analytical phase. Methods In an effort to remedy this high error rate, a meta-analysis was performed on paper order entry and clerical pre-analytical error, in parallel with performance and accuracy data of advanced optical character recognition driven by artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI OCR). Results AI OCR studies demonstrated an untrained accuracy percentage, to include handwriting of 91.08%, and when trained utilizing both relational and hierarchal logic data bases accuracy increased to 98.4%. The rate at which AI OCR processed and classified medical information was 3-4 pages per second. It is estimated that 99.9%-100% accuracy can be achieved with additional form field training and mapping. The level of accuracy and efficiency for laboratory paper order-entry utilizing AI OCR can also be increased with the addition of natural language processing and data recognition algorithms when combined with logic databases containing information such as medical record numbers, ICD-10 codes, and laboratory test compendiums. Conclusions The performance of this technology demonstrates a strong application to reduce the burden of clerical paper order entry, while addressing the 30.8% dissatisfaction rate regarding manual entry processes among lab professionals surveyed. Moreover, AI OCR clerical data classification, extraction and entry processes augmented with human verification steps examined, demonstrated overall accuracy of 99.99%. The application of AI OCR in laboratory pre-analytical processes has the potential to improve test order accuracy and efficiency, ultimately impacting the quality of patient care and operational costs for healthcare facilities. When examined through the lens of staff retention, studies show that 80% of laboratory employees feel that a workplace with the necessary tools and technology positively impacts their job satisfaction. While organizations investing in technologies that drive both job efficiency and satisfaction see a 125% return on investment through productivity. Demonstrating that the application of sophisticated technologies that both increase productivity and decrease error rates have a substantial impact on job satisfaction and ultimately retention. Although laboratory clerical data and order entry processes were examined for this meta-analysis, the aggregate data compiled showed that the application of AI OCR in clerical processes could also have a substantial impact on the 25.9% annual turnover rate for hospitals as a whole in the United States.

Dynamic fluid-structure interaction between the projectile and the light-thin ice under the motion state in the polar environment

The interaction between projectiles and ice during water entry is crucial for advancing polar resource exploration and military operations in polar regions. This study introduces a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model to simulate the dynamics between projectiles and light-thin ice under a motion state, validated through laboratory experiments. It examines the cavity evolution patterns during water entry and analyzes the motion states and dynamic characteristics of both the projectile and the floating ice. The influence of the horizontal-to-vertical velocity ratio (u*) and the initial pitch angle (φ) on the water entry process and collision dynamics has also been considered. The results reveal that as the projectile approaches the floating ice, it generates a wave-making effect, impacting the formation of the water entry splash crown and the deflection motion of the ice. Additionally, the hydrodynamic force acting on the projectile increases by 40 % compared to free water entry conditions. After the collision between the projectile and the light-thin ice, the pinch-off characteristics of the water entry cavity alter. This collision influences the motion state and dynamic characteristics of the projectile, while the ice experiences both collision and hydrodynamic forces, leading to passive motion. With an increasing water entry velocity ratio, the light-thin ice forms an expanding cavity during passive water entry, affecting the cavity pinch-off of the projectile. When u* > 1, the projectile exhibits circuitous motion post-collision with the ice. Variations in water entry angles of the projectile alter the collision mode between the projectile and the ice, resulting in changes to their motion states and dynamic characteristics. A critical pitch angle exists during the cavity pinch-off process.

STRATEGIC MARKET ENTRY DECISION-MAKING IN AFRICA'S SATELLITE SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS USING TOPSIS AND AHP METHODS

This paper investigates the strategic decision-making process for market entry into Africa's satellite telecommunications sector using two well-established multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Given the complex and varied nature of the African market, these methodologies are applied to evaluate multiple countries based on criteria such as market potential, regulatory compliance, and infrastructural development. By conducting a parallel analysis with TOPSIS and AHP, this study not only identifies Kenya as the most suitable market for entry but also validates the consistency and reliability of both methods in handling decision-making complexities in emerging markets. The findings highlight the importance of systematic and objective criteria evaluation in reducing uncertainty and enhancing decision quality in international business strategies. This paper contributes to the strategic management and international business literature by demonstrating the practical application and comparative effectiveness of TOPSIS and AHP in a high-stakes decision-making scenario. Keywords: Strategic Market Entry, Satellite Telecommunications, TOPSIS, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). Decision-Making Framework

Study on water entry impact characteristics and parameter influence analysis of the vehicle passing through the thin crushed ice zone in a polar environment

The problem of water entry in polar environments holds significant research value for polar resource exploration and military applications. This study uses computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to investigate the complex process of a vehicle entering water through a thin crushed ice zone. Experimental data validates the efficiency of the coupling algorithm. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the influence of crushed ice shapes, arrangement patterns, coverage densities, and sizes within thin crushed ice zones on the process of water entry. A comprehensive analysis is carried out to assess how the characteristic parameters of different thin crushed ice zones affect the dynamic behavior of the vehicle during water entry and the movements of the crushed ice. Concurrently, the influence of different velocities of the vehicle on the water entry process through a specific thin crushed ice zone is analyzed. The results show that when the crushed ice is in a regular arrangement, it exhibits a circular immersion phenomenon and a cross-shaped passive movement trend. The arrangement patterns, coverage densities, and sizes of the crushed ice have different effects on the water entry process. Of these factors, the complexity of the influence of crushed ice sizes on the water entry process stands out. Meanwhile, the water entry velocity plays a crucial role in determining the relative significance of the hydrodynamic force and the collision force of crushed ice on the total resistance of the vehicle during water entry. These insights provide valuable guidance for the planning and execution of missions in polar regions.

Using Collections in Specify to Manage Incoming Exchange Data

The Specify collection management system has been designed to accommodate data from multidisciplinary collecting institutions through a series of administrative units arranged in a hierarchical structure (Specify Collections Consortium 2024). Within the parent Institution, there can be multiple Divisions; within the parent Division there can be multiple Disciplines; and within the parent Discipline there can be multiple Collections (Fig. 1). While these administrative units were originally intended to house distinct collections within an institution, the model allows for flexibility and creativity in how they are implemented. The National Herbarium of Victoria’s (MEL) implementation of Specify utilises a single Discipline with 11 Collections. As well as storing data associated with sub-collections housed within the Herbarium—such as the Victorian Reference Set, which supports Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria’s plant identification service, and the Victorian Conservation Seedbank collection—Specify Collections are used to support curation workflows, including the management of data associated with specimens received as exchange material from other herbaria. The exchange of specimens between herbaria is a long-standing practice that enriches local collections and provides a form of insurance against damage or loss of specimens at the originating herbarium. Most consignments of exchange specimens are now accompanied by digital data, which helps streamline the data entry process and reduces the likelihood of transcription errors in the receiving institution’s collection management system. The National Herbarium of Victoria receives an average of 3000 exchange specimens from Australian and international herbaria each year. Due to resourcing constraints, incoming exchange specimens cannot always be processed upon receipt and are instead relegated to a curation backlog. Using the separate ‘Incoming Exchange’ Collection within Specify as a holding database for exchange data allows herbarium curators to upload the data at the time it is received as a guard against the loss or dissociation of specimen data, while allowing data validation work and the reconciliation of exchange specimens with their data to be postponed until staff resourcing permits, and after the specimens have been mounted. This workflow also allows exchange specimens to be reconciled with their data—and the data to be validated against the MEL data model—before being published into the main ‘National Herbarium of Victoria’ Collection, which forms our contribution to the Australasian Virtual Herbarium and, by extension, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Exchange data is uploaded to the ‘Incoming Exchange’ Collection via the Specify Workbench with the sending institution’s catalogue numbers recorded in the ‘Other identifier’ table for each record, but no MEL catalogue numbers applied. Once the exchange data is matched with a physical specimen and validated against the MEL data model, a MEL catalogue number is entered into the ‘collectionObject.CatalogNumber’ field. A stored procedure runs each night, transferring records with a CatalogNumber from the ‘Incoming Exchange’ Collection to the ‘National Herbarium of Victoria’ Collection, where they can be viewed by all user groups (Table 1).

How do Suppliers of Technology-Driven Products Mitigate Switching Costs for Purchasers During the Market Entry Process?

How do Suppliers of Technology-Driven Products Mitigate Switching Costs for Purchasers During the Market Entry Process?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Targets Astrocytes via Cell-Free and Cell-Associated Infection.

Infection of astrocytes by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) remains a topic of debate, with conflicting data, yet instances of astrocytes containing viral DNA have been observed in vivo. In this study, we aimed to elucidate potential routes through which astrocytes could be infected and their ability to produce infectious particles using primary human astrocytes. We infected primary astrocytes derived from either neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that express both C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) coreceptors, using either cell-free HIV-1 virus directly or cell-associated virus indirectly through infected macrophages and microglia. Low-level infectivity by cell-free viruses was primarily attributed to a defect in the entry process. Bypassing HIV-specific receptor-mediated entry using pseudotyped viruses resulted in productive infection and the release of infectious particles. These findings suggest that astrocytes may be one of the potential sources of neurotoxicity in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and could possibly act as reservoirs for HIV in the central nervous system (CNS).

Development and validation of an open-source pipeline for automatic population of case report forms from electronic health records: a pediatric multi-center prospective study

Clinical trials and registry studies are essential for advancing research and developing novel treatments. However, these studies rely on manual entry of thousands of variables for each patient. Repurposing real-world data can significantly simplify the data collection, reduce transcription errors, and make the data entry process more efficient, consistent, and cost-effective. We developed an open-source computational pipeline to collect laboratory and medication information from the electronic health record (EHR) data and populate case report forms. The pipeline was developed and validated with data from two independent pediatric hospitals in the US as part of the Long-terM OUtcomes after Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC) study. Our pipeline allowed the completion of two of the most time-consuming forms. We compared automatically extracted results with manually entered values in one hospital and applied the pipeline to a second hospital, where the output served as the primary data source for case report forms. We extracted and populated 51,845 laboratory and 4913 medication values for 159 patients in two hospitals participating in a prospective pediatric study. We evaluated pipeline performance against data for 104 patients manually entered by clinicians in one of the hospitals. The highest concordance was found during patient hospitalization, with 91.59% of the automatically extracted laboratory and medication values corresponding with the manually entered values. In addition to the successfully populated values, we identified an additional 13,396 laboratory and 567 medication values of interest for the study. The automatic data entry of laboratory and medication values during admission is feasible and has a high concordance with the manually entered data. By implementing this proof of concept, we demonstrate the quality of automatic data extraction and highlight the potential of secondary use of EHR data to advance medical science by improving data entry efficiency and expediting clinical research. NIH Grant 1OT3HL147154-01, U24HL135691, UG1HL135685.

Decoding heterogeneity in data-driven self-monitoring adherence trajectories in digital lifestyle interventions for weight loss: a qualitative study

BackgroundData-driven trajectory modeling approaches have been used to identify participant subgroups with differing responses to digital lifestyle interventions. Identifying contributing factors to different participant subgroups can inform tailored strategies to early “rescue” intervention non-responders. Self-monitoring (SM) is a central mechanism in lifestyle interventions for driving behavior change and can serve as an early indicator for later intervention response. This qualitative study aimed to compare SM experiences between intervention response subgroups and to identify contributing factors to intervention response subgroups in a 6-month digital lifestyle intervention for adults with overweight or obesity.ResultsParticipants were middle-aged (52.9 ± 10.2 years), mostly female (65%), and of Hispanic ethnicity (55%). Four major themes with emerged from the thematic analysis: Acceptance towards SM Technologies, Perceived SM Benefits, Perceived SM Barriers, and Responses When Facing SM Barriers. Participants across both subgroups perceived SM as positive feedback, aiding in diet and physical activity behavior changes. Both groups cited individual and technical barriers to SM, including forgetfulness, the burdensome SM process, and inaccuracy. The Responder Group displayed positive problem-solving skills that helped them overcome the SM barriers. In contrast, some in the Non-responder Group felt discouraged from SM. Both subgroups found diet SM particularly challenging, especially due to technical issues such as the inaccurate food database, the time-consuming food entry process in the Fitbit app.ConclusionsOur study indicates that qualitative analysis is valuable for translating data-driven findings to actionable intervention improvement strategies. Our findings may inform the development of practical SM improvement strategies in future digital lifestyle interventions for weight loss. Notably, building problem solving skills emerge as a key approach to prevent potential non-responders from intervention disengagement.

Disabled Individuals’ Negative Perceptions of Mobile Health Applications: Design Guidance for HFE Practitioners

Disabled individuals experience significant inequities in healthcare access, healthcare quality, social determinants of health, and health outcomes compared to non-disabled individuals. By including people with disabilities in the co-design of mobile health (MHealth) applications, we gain valuable insights to improve alignment between users’ needs and MHealth technologies. Through a secondary analysis of mixed-methods data, this paper investigates negative perceptions of disabled individuals regarding MHealth applications to inform MHealth application design guidance for human factors practitioners. Fifty participants with physical, cognitive, sensory, and/or mental health-related disabilities interacted with three MHealth applications during task analysis sessions, revealing concerns about data security, data privacy, and unnecessary patient work. Recommendations include clear articulation of security measures, clarifications that patient profiles are not publicly available, and simplified data entry processes. Implementing these recommendations may enhance the accessibility and usefulness of MHealth applications, promoting healthcare access for a broader range of individuals.

(In)visibility during organizational entry: Newcomer perceptions of visibility in remote work

ABSTRACT While the research on communication visibility has typically focused on how visibility is enacted among employees who are familiar with the networks, practices and technologies of the organization, this study focuses on the experiences of newcomers. Additionally, while technology use around newcomers has typically been approached in parallel with face-to-face communication, our study concentrates on fully remote organizational entry. Qualitative interview and survey data among 24 newcomers revealed that the dimensions of visibility – the sociomaterial context, actors’ actions and observers’ actions – play a role in uncertainty and impression management during the entry process, while simultaneously reflecting to visibility management. The findings contribute to a model theorizing the relationship between visibility, uncertainty, impression management and sociomateriality during remote organizational entry.

Sustainability, Local Environmental Behaviour and Firm Location Decisions

AbstractThis paper uses Mercantile Register data to analyse the location decisions of firms in Catalan municipalities (between 2010 and 2019). Using count data panel estimations, we focus on local sustainability characteristics. The identification of the location patterns and the effects of local environmental policies on firms belonging to different sustainability industries constitute a contribution to the empirical location literature. Our results help in understanding entry processes at the local level and how both citizens' environmental values and local environmental policies shape these. We show that (i) firms locate differently depending on their sustainability profile and (ii) local environmental policies have stronger effects on the location decisions of sustainability‐oriented firms.

Cellular N-Myristoyl Transferases Are Required for Mammarenavirus Multiplication.

The mammarenavirus matrix Z protein plays critical roles in virus assembly and cell egress. Meanwhile, heterotrimer complexes of a stable signal peptide (SSP) together with glycoprotein subunits GP1 and GP2, generated via co-and post-translational processing of the surface glycoprotein precursor GPC, form the spikes that decorate the virion surface and mediate virus cell entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The Z protein and the SSP undergo N-terminal myristoylation by host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMT1 and NMT2), and G2A mutations that prevent myristoylation of Z or SSP have been shown to affect the Z-mediated virus budding and GP2-mediated fusion activity that is required to complete the virus cell entry process. In the present work, we present evidence that the validated on-target specific pan-NMT inhibitor DDD85646 exerts a potent antiviral activity against the prototypic mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) that correlates with reduced Z budding activity and GP2-mediated fusion activity as well as with proteasome-mediated degradation of the Z protein. The potent anti-mammarenaviral activity of DDD85646 was also observed with the hemorrhagic-fever-causing Junin (JUNV) and Lassa (LASV) mammarenaviruses. Our results support the exploration of NMT inhibition as a broad-spectrum antiviral against human pathogenic mammarenaviruses.

A INTERAÇÃO ENTRE COVID-19 E O SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO: MECANISMOS E IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS

The infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, triggers a series of immune responses in the host organism. These responses, while essential for pathogen elimination, can also cause significant damage to host tissues. This work details the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, from its structure to the processes of viral entry and replication, as well as the mechanisms related to infection and activation of the immune system, which can culminate in a cytokine storm. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies, vaccines, and alternative therapies that were urgently released during the pandemic. Continuous research, especially related to the immune response, is necessary to enhance knowledge and preparedness for future pandemics.