Process Of Economic Development Research Articles

Is taxation a curse or a blessing? The case of Turkiye

This study aims to reveal whether taxes are blessings or curses based on the distinction between direct and indirect taxes. As in the past, taxation is an indispensable instrument of government policy in today’s modern state administration models. Since taxation is an inevitable phenomenon, designing an effective and efficient tax policy is an important decision process in economic development. This study will serve as a source for formulating an effective fiscal policy. Within the scope of the study, 1998/Q1 period and 2023/Q2 quarterly data for Turkiye are used. The tax curse hypothesis is analyzed using Prais-Winsten and Cumulative Fourier-frequency Toda & Yamamoto Test methods. In addition, the long-run performance of the relationship between the variables used in the model was evaluated by Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) analysis. The results of the analysis reveal that direct taxes have a negative impact on economic growth and thus the tax curse hypothesis is valid, while there is no tax curse in terms of indirect taxes. The study also reveals that direct taxes have a devastating effect in economies that are in the middle of the economic growth process and have a high growth rate, but this effect is not permanent and disappears after a while. The results are important in terms of guiding the formulation of government policies and the formulation of effective tax policies, especially for developing countries.

A Comparative Study of the Economic Development of China and Japan after World War II

China's economy is currently facing difficulties such as a slowdown in development, an economic structure that is not adapted to the new world economic situation and so on. How to get out of these difficulties has become an important issue. From a historical perspective, this article compares the economic development processes of China and Japan after World War II and analyses the enlightenment that China can draw from Japan's economic development. The study of this article concludes that after World War II, the economic development models of China and Japan were highly similar. Both countries implemented a development strategy that prioritized heavy and chemical industries, introduced economic development policies that emphasized exports and adopted a government-led economic development model. Both are currently encountering similar development difficulties. Based on Japan's economic development experience and lessons, China should focus on real estate bubbles, market mechanism adjustment and improvement, etc. to adapt to the needs of the new economic situation.

How to Transform Congenital Disadvantage into New Momentum for Economic Development: Based on the Study of Dutch Foreign Trade

The Netherlands is an ancient trading country, and due to geographical constraints, it has been actively seeking business opportunities and resources. This paper examines how the Netherlands transformed its natural disadvantages into new drivers of economic development since the fifteenth century. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the dynamics and paths of economic development in the Netherlands. This paper takes the perspective of Dutch foreign trade, combines literature analysis and case study methods, and adopts the method of diachronic research. The results of the study show that the Netherlands has transformed its geographical limitations into a new driving force for economic development in the development of maritime power, commerce, and foreign investment. The innovation of this paper lies in the unique perspective. Starting from the economic development process of the Netherlands since the 15th century, it presents readers with a comprehensive and in-depth economic development process of the Netherlands.

Comparison of Trends in Sustainable Energy Development in the Czech Republic and Poland

The contemporary process of economic development necessitates a heightened focus on matters of sustainability, with a particular emphasis on sustainable energy policy. This is of paramount importance for the protection of the natural environment and the achievement of long-term economic growth. In the context of countries such as the Czech Republic and Poland, which have historically relied on high-carbon energy sources, the transition to a more sustainable energy system represents a significant challenge. The objective of this paper is to undertake a comparative analysis of the trends in energy sustainability in the Czech Republic and Poland from 2017 to 2021, with a particular focus on key performance indicators. The analysis, based on data from the OECD database, revealed notable discrepancies in the rate of change between the two countries, with Poland exhibiting a more pronounced surge in the proportion of renewable energy sources (RES). A Student’s t-test confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences in key indicators between the Czech Republic and Poland, thereby underscoring the diverse challenges that both countries encounter in their pursuit of sustainable energy development. The Granger causality test was employed to ascertain whether variables exhibit temporal relationships that may suggest potential correlations. However, it is important to note that this test does not prove direct causality, but rather indicates that the variables are related at a specific point in time. Interpretation of the results must be undertaken with caution, as the test does not account for the full complexity of relationships between variables, including external factors and structural changes in the economy. Meanwhile, the LMDI decomposition analysis identified the principal drivers of alterations in CO2 emissions. The findings indicate that, despite advancements in sustainable energy development, Poland and the Czech Republic are confronted with distinctive challenges that necessitate the implementation of tailored policy responses. It is therefore recommended that further investment in renewable energy and the modernisation of energy infrastructure be made in order to achieve long-term sustainability goals.

Developing a green economy towards sustainability: Research in Vietnam in the context of digital transformation

In recent years, the Party and State have paid great attention to promoting green economy, circular economy and sustainable development. Thereby, many policies have been issued to orient economic development towards sustainability, environmental protection, climate change adaptation, improving investment quality and efficiency, and focusing on attracting high-quality projects. However, in reality in Vietnam, the trend of green economic development is only at the starting point, the green economic development process is still lacking in synchronization and facing barriers in terms of capital, human resources, science and technology resources... In the face of environmental and social consequences, from developing the brown economy, countries have gradually shifted to a green economy - an economy that cares about happiness, social justice and the environment in addition to economic goals. Vietnam is no exception to this trend. Green economic development has been of interest to the Party and the State since the early years of the Doi Moi period and has achieved certain successes. However, the construction of a green economy in Vietnam still faces many limitations due to many reasons, such as: lack of capital resources, labor quality, science and technology level not meeting requirements... This poses synchronous and long-term solutions with each specific step towards a green economy. The article reflects the current situation and solutions for green economic development in Vietnam. Keywords: Sustainability, Green Economy, Digital Transformation.

Dampak TPT, IPM dan Jumlah Penduduk terhadap Melebarnya Ketimpangan Pendapatan antar Daerah di Jawa Timur

The study was conducted to determine the influence of the open unemployment rate (TPT), human development index (HDI), and population on income inequality between districts/cities in East Java in 2018-2023. This study uses secondary data by combining cross-section and time series data. This data was taken from the official website of the BPS (Central Statistics Agency) of East Java Province, and then analyzed using panel data regression techniques by carrying out the t-test, f-test and coefficient of determination. The results show that the open unemployment rate does not effect on income inequality, while the human development index and population have a positive and significant effect on income inequality. Based on the results of this research, it is hoped that the government can carry out equitable economic development in each region and the community is expected to play an active role in the economic development process.

ІНСТРУМЕНТИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ МІСЦЕВОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ

The research emphasizes the objectively existing need, as well as the problems of ensuring local economic development in Ukraine, in particular under conditions of critically acute economic and social instability caused by a full-scale war and its consequences. The purpose of the study is to determine the scientific justification of the tools for stimulating and ensuring the local economic development of Ukraine under the instability. It is shown that in the conditions of a full-scale war, the regional socio-economic systems of Ukraine faced such challenges as large-scale external and internal migrations of the population, deepening of depopulation problems, reduction of employment and the number of jobs due to the cessation of activities or relocation of enterprises, the growth of precarization in the labor market and social and labor insecurity of vulnerable categories of the population, the development of sectoral and structural imbalances and the strengthening of personnel problems in the labor markets. Accordingly, the latest challenges have become the main causes of destabilization of the spatial development of Ukraine's economy. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify, firstly, the significant typicality of existing problems, secondly, the significant resource limitations of local self-government bodies, thirdly, the need to involve innovative solutions, fourthly, the relevance of developing practices of intermunicipal socio-economic cooperation and integration of efforts in this way, fifthly, the need for a systemic and strategic approach, when based on visions, strategies and development programs, investment passports of territorial communities, a single coordinated regional master plan of industry specialization and development will be formed. The basic principles of two regional policy strategies in terms of stimulating local economic development are substantiated: (1) stabilization, (2) proactive. The strategic goal of each of these approaches is indicated, as well as a set of tools is defined, the implementation of which allows to activate the processes of local economic development in Ukraine under current conditions of instability.

Caffeinating Entrepreneurship: Understating the Factors Driving Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intentions among Potential Entrepreneurs

While entrepreneurship continues to gain significance worldwide as a means for economic development and a tool for youth employment, coffee cultivation entrepreneurial intention becomes an essential goal to investigate and a necessary instrument. Accordingly, this research investigates the role of external factors, namely Access to Finance (ATF), Structural and Institutional Support (SIS), Physical Infrastructure Support (PIS), Social Influence (SIF) and Education and Training (ET), in stimulating Coffee Farming Entrepreneurial Intention (CFEI) among potential entrepreneurs (students). A sample of 318 participants from various universities in Saudi Arabia responded to an online questionnaire, forming the basis for analysis using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study reported different findings, such as a positive relationship between CFEI and other factors, namely PIS, SIF and ET. However, the study found no positive connection between ATF, SIS and CFEI. The study concluded by providing actionable recommendations for policymakers about stimulating coffee farming among students and contributing to the economic development process and youth employment. It also assists in the establishment of sustainable business environments for future generations.

Strategies to enhance energy sustainability in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 (affordable and clean energy): case of Ghana

Purpose Human activities in recent years with the excessive emission of greenhouse gases have had a negative impact on increasing global temperatures. In this regard, one of the best ways to control it is to move toward sustainability with more use of renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to assess the indicators of sustainable energy, explore benefits of sustainable energy and evaluate strategies to enhance energy sustainability in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research strategy was adopted. Questionnaires were developed and administered through convenience and snowball sampling techniques to professionals in the energy sector. Data collected was validated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and discriminant validity, whereas objectives were analyzed by using the relative importance index, mean score ranking and Kruskal–Wallis test. Findings From the findings, the significant indicators of sustainable energy were as follows: reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from energy production, use of renewable energies and policies on proper utilization of energy resources. Furthermore, a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, less harm caused to the environment and an increase in the economic and social development process were the major benefits of sustainable energy. Finally, the findings of the study revealed that a strong and accounted policy program, adopting sustainable energy indicators and strategic communication are the significant strategies needed to be put in place to enhance energy sustainability. Practical implications The study serves as a reminder to policymakers of the crucial role they have to play in enhancing energy sustainability by putting in place suitable policy programs and methods. Originality/value The originality of this study is that it is arguably a pioneering study in Ghana and contributes to the body of knowledge on energy sustainability.

The impact of family urban integration on migrant worker mental health in China.

As China has undergone the processes of urbanization and economic development, a large migrant population has emerged, creating new family migration trends. Family migration brings about changes in urban integration costs and benefits, affecting health investment. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of urban integration of migrant workers' families on their mental wellbeing, with the aim of offering policy recommendations conducive to the realization of a comprehensive public health strategy in China. This paper uses multi-dimensional indexes to measure family urban integration, covering economic, social and psychological dimensions, which may consider the complexity of integration. Utilizing a machine learning clustering algorithm, the research endeavors to assess the level of urban integration experienced by migrant workers and their respective families. The analysis discerns three distinct clusters denoting varying degrees of urban integration within these familial units, namely high-level, medium-level, and low-level urban integration. We applied binary logit regression models to analyze the influence of family urban integration on the mental health among migrant workers. Then we conducted a series of robustness tests. The results show that family urban integration decreases the probability of depressive symptoms by 14.6 percentage points. Further mechanism tests show that family economic integration enhances the psychological wellbeing of migrant workers by elevating their income status. Family social integration decreases depressive symptoms by increasing social status. Family psychological integration increases the psychological health of migrant workers by making them more satisfied with their lives. The heterogeneity test shows that family urban integration and its different dimensions have a strong impact on the depressive symptoms of women, first-generation, and less-educated groups. This study finds that family urban integration and its economic, social, and psychological dimensions significantly reduced the depressive symptoms of migrant workers. The results of this study lead the authors to recommend formulating a family-centered policy for migrant workers to reside in urban areas, optimizing the allocation of medical resources and public services, and improving family urban integration among migrant workers in order to avoid mental health problems in the process of urban integration.

Factors That Influence Financial Performance with Capital Expenditure as a Moderating Variable in the Regency / City Government of Sumatera Utara Province

This study aims to analyze and evaluate (1) comprehensive regional development to produce regional growth that is in line with the regional budget; (2) making good and appropriate financial management so that the improvement of the economic development process has an impact after the implementation of the regional autonomy policy; (3) Each region can be responsible for regional authority in regional development so that good financial management is expected to be a reality for local governments to support their growth and development; (4) Increasing the potential of financial performance and this ability is indicated by compliance with specific rules and regulations as stipulated by SAP when managing financial. This research was conducted in the district /city government in the area of ​​North Sumatra Province. The population used was 33 districts/cities (25 districts and eight cities) with the year of observation for five years starting from 2018 to 2022 the number of observations was obtained as many as 165, the data used was secondary data, the data collection method which was the data documentation method was obtained From the Directorate General of Finance Balance of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, the website of the Central Statistics Agency, the website of each regional government that is the research sample, and other related sources. The results of this study indicate that (1) Local own-source revenue has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (2) operating expenditure has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (3) Revenue sharing fund has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (4) General Allocation Fund has no significant effect on financial performance; (5) Special Allocation Fund has a significant positive effect on financial performance; (6) the working period of regional heads has no significant effect on financial performance; (7) capital expenditure can moderate the effect of local own-source revenue on financial performance; (8) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of operating expenditure on financial performance; (9) Capital expenditure can moderate the effect of revenue sharing fund on financial performance; (10) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of general allocation funds on financial performance; (11) Capital expenditure can moderate the effect of special allocation funds on financial performance; (12) Capital expenditure cannot moderate the effect of the working period of regional heads on financial performance. Keywords: good governance, financial management system, regional autonomy policy, financial performance.

The main challenges of gender based international labor mobility: Transnational migrant families from Georgia

The goal of the paper is to shed light on gendered nature of labor migration in the post-Soviet Georgian transitional families. Based on qualitative research methods, this study tries to identify how both, an immigrant wife and her husband left in Georgia conceptualize their gender roles and functions toward family members amid existing challenges. Our research showed that the both financial and emotional burdens of the family are on the part of immigrant women mainly. In few families, fathers take care of children, but in most cases mother’s role is played by a grandmother. Even though almost all respondents noted improvement of economic conditions, the temporary separation of the family members is seen as a social loss. The vast majority of families have not invested remittances in small businesses. It indicates the stagnation of the process of economic and social development in Georgia that restricts the migrants’ way back to home.

Determinants Of Total Loans Disbursed By Rural Banks In Indonesia

The financial sector can influence the process of economic development, one of which is through banking by carrying out its intermediary function. One of the banks that have the function of channelling credit and collecting public funds is the Rural Bank. By using the VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) approach model, this study was conducted to determine the long-term and short-term effects of external factors such as Inflation and BI rate and also on internal factors such as the amount of deposits and non-performing loan rates on the amount of credit in the period 2008 - 2022. The results showed both in the long and short term that the internal factors of deposits and non-performing loans had a significant and negative effect on the amount of credit disbursed. External factors such as Inflation and BI rates do not affect the loan disbursed.

The Missing Agrarian Middle Class

During the middle decades of the twentieth century, Puerto Rico embarked on one of the most rapid processes of industrialization and economic development the world had ever seen. Yet the industrial economy that this process produced had two fundamental flaws: it featured little by way of local capital formation in the manufacturing sector, and it was incapable of producing sufficient employment for the island’s labor force. What explains these flaws? This article seeks to answer this question by drawing on the rich literature on development in East Asia. I engage with four theories that explain successful East Asian development on the basis, respectively, of unique insertion into the international political economy, robust industrial policies, economic nationalism, and agrarian reform processes that preceded industrialization. While Puerto Rico benefited from all of these factors—which may explain the relative success of development on the island—they differed qualitatively from the East Asian cases, with the possible exception of international political economy. I suggest that these differences might in turn be explained by substantial differences in pre-existing agrarian class structure. The absence of a significant stratum of smallholding agricultural producers in Puerto Rico distinguished the island from East Asian societies. It also helps explain the lack of local capital formation and employment generation built into the Puerto Rican development model, as well as the shape of industrial policy and agrarian reform and the ultimate weakness of nationalist impulses.

Социально-культурно-экономический процесс развития здорового образа жизни россиян: вклад визионеров П.И. Макушина и Н.С. Кузьмина

The study of the socio-cultural and economic process of developing a healthy lifestyle of modern Russians necessitates turning to the heritage of the visionaries of the past, covering cultural, educational, housing and everyday practices of pre-revolutionary and Soviet Russia. The methodological basis of the study was an interdisciplinary approach (political economic, philosophical, cultural), as well as the method of dialectical unity of knowledge of the processes of socio-cultural and economic development of society. The continuity of the main components of a person’s healthy lifestyle, his culture, including the forms of organizing cultural education, housing and everyday life, formed by different generations of Russians, is substantiated. The process of transforming pre-revolutionary people's houses (Tomsk people's house of P.I. Makushin) into Soviet and modern cultural houses and leisure centers is described. The significance and influence of the socio-economic experiment of implementing the idea of scientific organization of housing and life on the basis of complete socialization is shown - the project of the «Anzhero-Sudzhensky house-commune» by N.S. Kuzmina, (his other architectural projects) on the healthy lifestyle of modern Russians. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the experience of cultural, educational and housing practices of two Siberian personalities - entrepreneur P.I. Makushin and architect N.S. Kuzmin, which had an important influence on the formation and development of a healthy lifestyle of Russians in the past and present, the visionary nature of their content is revealed. The research findings can be used to form the cultural policies at both regional and federal levels to increase the level of socio-economic well-being of Russians and preserve cultural heritage visionaries.

Structural change and economic growth: Causality relationships in the case of Poland

Research background: Structural change and economic growth characterise any process of economic development and have relevant research background. However, the research on identification of a character of relationships between the phenomena are not conclusive. Researchers either find that economic growth induces structural change and the process is demand-driven or that structural change determines economic growth and the dependencies are supply-driven or that the relation is two-directional with overlapping interdependencies. Moreover, the association may be shaped differently depending on specific development conditions of each economy and transform over time. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationships between economic growth and structural change in the sectional composition of employment in Poland using state-level quarterly data for 2008–2022. It empirically verifies whether economic growth determines structural change or changes in economic structure influence growth in this specific national context, giving insights into a character of the developmental interdependencies. However, the Polish case is only an example of developmental feedbacks that may specify any catching-up economy. Diagnosing the dominating character of the economic relation is of high importance for any modern transforming country and identifying any limitations to the interdependencies may make it possible to avoid the middle-income trap. Methods: The paper examines the causality using Granger-test and analyses the relationships with VAR models. It uses some alternative measures of structural change, namely Norm of Absolute Value (NAV), Modified Lilien Index (MLI), and Clark Index (CI) to catch labour reallocation across sections of economic activity (NACE Rev. 2). They are then adopted in lead-lag models of relationships with economic growth. Findings & value added: The study browses the classical three-sectoral approach to structural transformation using a more detailed structural layout to capture its modern character. Moreover, it compares alternative measures of structural change to derive more detailed conclusions. Methodologically, the study highlights the need for in-depth research into structural change with finer aggregation and measures with different properties. The paper is focused on a specific situation in the Polish economy, for which the relationships have not yet been verified. However, the findings are more universal and may be interesting for any catching-up economy that plans its development policy and needs to focus either on demand- or supply side-relationships. The results suggest rather unidirectional causality running from economic growth to structural change and thus a demand-driven character of the structural modernisation of the Polish economy. This implies the necessity to build stronger inter-sectoral linkages that enable spillover effects that can accelerate growth and induce mutually reinforcing mechanisms of development.

Pengaruh Disiplin, Kompetensi Dan Kinerja Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT.Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Shinta Daya Yogyakarta

Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) is one of the formal Microfinance Institutions (LKM). From the function of human resource management (HRM), to realize BPRs can become banks that play an important role in the economic development process, one of which is through institutional strengthening, namely by improving the quality of human resources including discipline, competence, and employee performance to improve the quality of bank services to customers. and to strengthen good corporate governance (GCG). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of discipline, competence and employee performance on customer satisfaction at PT. People's Credit Bank Shinta Daya Yogyakarta. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that: partially employee discipline has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction; Employee competence has a negative and significant effect on customer satisfaction; Employee performance has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction; and simultaneously Discipline, Competence and Employee Performance have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.

Village-Owned Enterprise Strategy in Improving the Economic Welfare of Sustainable Farmers

This research analyzis the role of BUMDes and other multi-stakeholders in efforts to improve the welfare of farmers in rural areas. The research uses qualitative methods with explanation analysis techniques. The results of the research show that the problems faced by farmers are largely influenced by middlemen’s play in determining prices which has an impact on farmers’ losses, apart from that, it is also influenced by the lack of access to information related to the market. For this reason, the village government is trying to create an agricultural business unit under the auspices of BUMDes which provides assistance to farmers in the form of capital support, marketing and also providing market guarantees. This innovation is considered successful in improving farmers’ livelihoods and welfare. The agricultural economic development process carried out by BUMDes is basically the result of collaborative work carried out jointly with farmers, the private sector and supra-villages. An institutional pattern built on trust, transparency and strong commitment is the key to their success in building collaborative governance.

Historical roots of loneliness and its impact on second-generation immigrants’ health

This paper examines the relationship between historical cultural norms and attitudes towards loneliness, specifically within the context of second-generation immigrants. We uncover an intergenerationally transmitted cultural element that emphasizes restraint and adherence to strict rules characterizing highly-intensive pre-industrial agricultural systems. This cultural dimension significantly impacts how individuals perceive their social relationships and influences their likelihood of experiencing loneliness. Additionally, we demonstrate that the identified cultural trait serves as a predictor of loneliness in a two-stage model for health. Our research shows that loneliness directly impacts body mass index and specific mental health issues, and these findings hold true across a battery of sensitivity checks. The results add to the existing body of research highlighting the importance of attitudes in predicting economic and health outcomes, shedding light on how deeply ingrained geographical, cultural, and individual characteristics can shape economic development processes in both home and host countries.

Socioeconomic Dynamics and Poverty Rate in East Java: A Panel Regression Investigation

Economic development can be described as a process of system or non-social system in order to achieve a better condition. It is often related to public welfare as evidenced by the poverty phenomenon experienced by the population. The population growth in a country must be controlled in order to prevent a threat to the country’s welfare, since an increase in the population will lead to an increase in the need for fulfillment. This condition should be balanced with a proper income alignment. East Java Province has the second highest population in Indonesia. In fact, this condition has had an impact on the economic development process, particularly in East Java, where there has been an increase in the poverty rate. Over the past decade, the poverty rate in East Java has fluctuated. It showed an increase in a few years, namely 2015, 2020, and 2021, with an average increase of 0.88%. This study aims to identify the effects of several factors on the poverty rate in East Java between 2017 and 2022. Furthermore, this study used a quantitative method with a panel regression analysis. The independent variables included open unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, minimum wage, and education level. This study found that open unemployment rate and minimum wage affected poverty rate. In contrast, labor force participation rate and education level did not affect poverty rate.