Dewaxing Process Research Articles

Use of Low‐Energy Ultrasonication to Enhance the Purity and Morphology of Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared from Areca Nut Shells

AbstractThe isolation of cellulose nanofibers from areca nut shell has been successfully carried out using a simple alkaline treatment, acid hydrolysis, and followed by a morphological modification using low‐energy sonication method. The alkaline treatment consists of dewaxing and bleaching process to remove lignin, while acid hydrolysis process was carried out to remove hemicellulose. Mechanical fibrillation was carried out via ultrasonication and low‐power homogenization with 100 W cleaner and 3 W homogenizer to obtain fine fibers. Following the scanning electron microscope (SEM) result, the ultrasonicated treatment sample showed better lignin and hemicellulose removal processes and increased dispersity, as well as reduce diameter of cellulose fibers from 710.4 to 451.6 nm. The particle size analyzer (PSA) showed that the colloidal cellulose after sonication provide a frequent diameter of 56 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy result showed that sonication is an effective removal process of noncellulosic components. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystallinity of nanocellulose decrease following the sonication process. Hence, low‐energy ultrasonication is a viable approach to enhance the morphology and mechanical strength of cellulose nanofiber.

Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental compromising performance of dual-stage evaporation-ammonia hybrid compression–absorption refrigeration system for the cooling supply of keto-benzene dewaxing process

Absorption refrigeration systems driven by low-temperature waste heat is one way to achieve “carbon neutrality”. Meanwhile, the keto-benzene dewaxing equipment needs cooling capacity of 5 MW which refrigeration temperature of –10 °C and –25 °C. This paper researches the feasibility of DSE-AHCARS (Dual-stage Evaporation-Ammonia Hybrid Compression-Absorption Refrigeration System) replacing the vapor compression refrigeration system for keto-benzene dewaxing process based on 4E (Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental) analysis. At the primary and secondary stage evaporation temperature of 0 and –23 °C, COP reaches the maximum value of 0.85. However, COP-Electricity reaches the minimum value of 8.1. When the secondary stage refrigeration temperature is –23 °C, CO2 emission increases from 1150 t·a–1 to 3600 t·a–1, and Life Cycle Climate Performance increases from 3.29×104 tons to 7.7×104 tons with the primary stage refrigeration temperature is –15 °C to 0 °C. As well as matching three parameters to ensure the 4E compromising performance by the multi-objective optimization. To guarantee the Life Cycle Climate Performance is less than 5.5×104 tons, the payback period is less than 2 yr, and COP is greater than 0.6 at the optimal operation ranges that refrigeration temperature difference between primary stage and secondary stage is within 20 °C. The power of DSE-AHCARS was reduced by 77% compared with the vapor compression refrigeration system. Therefore, the DSE-AHCARS can reduce CO2 emissions by about 6250 t·a–1 and save 1.2×105 tons of CO2 in the Life Cycle Climate Performance term. This result shows that the DSE-AHCARS can completely replace the vapor compression refrigeration system.

A novel method for evaluating thermal expansion forces during dewaxing of investment casting and 3D-printing waxes

This study proposes a novel method for the evaluation of expansion forces that occur during the heating of IC (investment casting) waxes with the help of a rheometer. Thermal expansion of the IC wax patterns is the main reason that causes ceramic shell failure during the dewaxing process. The technique is based on the measurement of normal forces that develop in the measuring system of the rotational rheometer during solidification of wax samples. These forces are created as a result of shrinkage of thermally expanded wax samples. To assess the efficiency of the proposed method, three types of commercially available waxes and one 3D-printable wax have been tested and compared. According to research findings, the proposed method can be prescribed as an efficient procedure for the evaluation of expansion forces that develop during wax heating, especially for waxes that have low viscosity properties. It was observed that machinable wax produced the highest value of normal load equivalent to 86 N while the IC and 3D-printing wax generated 18.8 and 36.3 N respectively. Moreover, it was discovered that additively manufactured wax patterns perform considerably better compared to their casted analogs during dewaxing processes

Role of silicon carbide in enhancing microwave hybrid heating and reducing dewaxing time in investment casting

Mould cracking is a common problem in investment casting (IC) that occurs during the dewaxing process, which is caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the wax pattern and the ceramic mould. Therefore, appropriate modifications to the mould, waxes and hybrid heating of the materials are proposed to address this problem. This study aims to investigate the effects of silicon carbide (SiC) addition on dewaxing time and mould structural defect in two different waxes (HYFILL B289 MOD S and SIVUCH L1203) under microwave hybrid heating. For the mould fabrication, stucco (Al2O3-SiO3) was added with various amounts of SiC to improve microwave heat absorption capabilities. The modified stucco was applied on layers 3–6 to ensure that the mould was more durable and suited for the casting process. The thermal expansion of the waxes and the ceramic mould was evaluated to determine its thermal expansion mismatch. The density, porosity, thermal conductivity, and dielectric properties were characterized to evaluate the properties of modified green mould. The results showed that SIVUCH L1203 wax outperformed HYFILL B289 MOD S wax, in obtaining a crack-free ceramic investment mould with a clean internal surface. This superiority is attributed to the exceptional thermal and absorption properties of the SIVUCH L1203 wax. Furthermore, the incorporation of SiC played a pivotal role in enhancing the hybrid heating process while maintaining the density and porosity of the green moulds. This was evident by the remarkable reduction of dewaxing time by 62% with 7.5% of SiC addition, which also contributed toward improving energy savings and sustainability.

Pengolahan Air Limbah Batik Jambi Menggunakan Filtrasi dan Fotokatalisis TiO2 (Titanium Dioksida)

Batik production process generates liquid waste primarily from dyeing and de-waxing processes. This waste, if not managed properly, can pose environmental challenges. This study explores the potential of Eco-photocatalysis using TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) for treating wastewater from the batik industry. The process involves utilizing ultraviolet (UV) light and a catalyst to enhance the degradation of parameters such as pH, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), and color. Using a reactor containing four 8-watt UV lamps and maintained agitation at 1100 rpm. The catalyst used is Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) (3 grams). The procedure encompassed varying contact times (60, 120, and 180 minutes) and lamp quantities. The results demonstrate that TiO2-assisted Eco-photocatalysis effectively reduces organic and inorganic pollutants in treated water till pH, 6,73, TSS 70 mg/L and color 0,99 Pt-Co.

Investigation of solvent dewaxing of straight-run diesel: Combination of quantum chemical calculations and experimental condition optimization

Separation of the paraffin contained in straight-run diesel is important to alleviate the surplus and achieve high value utilization of diesel. The differences in the dewaxing effect of straight-run diesel under different solvent systems were investigated using ethanol-butanone (EA-MEK), acetone-butanone (AC-MEK) and ethyl formate (EF) as dewaxing solvents. The differences can be able to explain by the different trends in the magnitude of the forces between the solvent and model components calculated from quantum chemical calculations. The relationship between the solvent-model compound interaction and the solvent dewaxing effect was obtained by combining the results of analytical experiments and quantum chemical calculations. It was also found that the main force between the solvent and the diesel model components is van der Waals (VDW). The stronger the interaction between solvent and paraffin, the higher the dewaxing ratio. AC-MEK exhibits the highest dewaxing ratio of 85.8% owing to the strongest solvent-paraffin interaction. Theoretical guidance is provided for the in-depth understanding of the dewaxing process and the subsequent rapid screening of efficient dewaxing solvents. In addition, the process conditions of solvent dewaxing were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, EA-MEK could reach a dewaxing ratio of 73.0% with a wax purity of 86.0 wt%. The condition of dewaxing temperature was also studied in detail and the relationship between the dewaxing temperature and the carbon number of paraffin in the dewaxed oil was obtained.

In-situ investigation on crack-initiation and deformation of Al2O3 green bodies during dewaxing process by combined OCT-TG-FTIR and TMA

The dewaxing process is used to remove an organic binder from the ceramic green bodies before sintering, which occasionally generates cracks. The crack formation behavior depends on various factors including softening and decomposition of the organic binder, generation of gases, and strength degradation of the green body thereby. Herein, this correlation was investigated to elucidate the crack formation behavior during the dewaxing process using two types of Al2O3 green bodies; one is added with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and stearic acid (SA) and the other is with paraffin. The internal structures of Al2O3 green bodies during dewaxing were observed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the generated gases were analyzed simultaneously using a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The mechanical properties of the green bodies were investigated at RT–600 °C using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). The weight change occurred in both the green bodies with formation of gases depending on the type of the binder. In the OCT studies, cracks were observed with substantial deformation in the PVB/SA-added green body during the dewaxing, whereas no cracks were seen in the paraffin-added one. The TMA investigation showed that the paraffin-added sample possessed higher strength and better structural stability than the PVB/SA-added one throughout the dewaxing, leading to the crack-free green body of the former. Therefore, the crack-initiation and deformation behaviors of the green bodies were significantly affected by the type of the binder used. The combination of the in-situ observations using the combined OCT-TG-FTIR system and the mechanical properties measurement using TMA was found to be effective in verifying the structural stability of the green bodies during the dewaxing.

EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF THE DEWAXING PROCESS IN OIL REFINING

Currently, the dewaxing process is used throughout the oil industry. There is a lot of research and interest in this process as necessary in the production of fuels for cold regions, as well as lubricating oils. For dewaxing, mesoporous high-silica zeolites with different structures have been used for a long time, offering sufficient activity in the process. Dewaxing can be divided into several types and is actively used not only in the oil industry, but also in biology and medicine. In this article, an overview of the dewaxing process development stages and the most popular research on this topic was made, various indicators and physicochemical parameters were considered.

Extraction and characterization of cellulosic nanocrystals from stems of the reed plant large-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia)

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource in nature and has many industrial uses because of its promising characteristics. The broad-leaved reed is a plant species of the family Typha latifolia, widespread in arid regions, and has good potential for industrial use. In this study, highly crystalline cellulose microfibers were extracted from the reed stems as a new renewable source. The materials were subjected to a dewaxing process and then the microfibers were extracted using 7% sodium hydroxide, followed by a bleaching process. The extracted cellulose microfibers were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR, X-ray diffraction analysis XRD, and thermo-gravimetric analysis TGA. In the retting process, the IR peaks clearly show that there has been a removal of non-fibrous material. Using the X-ray diffraction technique, a crystallinity of 77.8 % with a crystallinity index of 0.521 was observed. The fiber spikes from the SEM images confirm that by increasing the chemical concentration and treatment time, there was more removal of non-fibrous cellulose and fibrillation found. Typha leaves are a rich source of cellulosic fiber tows and these fibers can also be extracted by chemical retting method and they are easily biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

Influence Of Dewaxing on Mechanical properties of kapok fiber-reinforced polymer composite

The low density, lightweight, easy processing and biodegradability nature of Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite have gained enough attention from many researchers and scientists. Kapok Fiber (Ceiba pentandra) is a natural cellulosic fiber have a hollow microtubular structure and a high degree of hollowness. The hand lay-up technique has been adopted for kapok fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer composite fabrication with different fiber loading(2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wt %). The mechanical strength of kapok fiber-reinforced polymer epoxy composite is investigated through the flexural and tensile test. The best flexural and tensile performance is observed at 5 wt% loading of kapok fiber. To increase compatibility between fiber and epoxy matrix dewaxing process is adopted. The effect of dewaxing on cellulose crystallinity, crystallinity size, surface morphology, elemental composition and functional groups of fiber are studied. The roughness of the fiber surface increases after dewaxing due to the partial removal of non-cellulosic compounds like lignin, pectin, wax and some oily substances. The increase in fiber surface roughness and cellulose crystallinity index by chemical treatment made a strong interlocking at the fiber-matrix interface. The effect of dewaxing on mechanical strength is also studied to fabricate the composite for the benefit of society.

Predation of ant species Lasius alienus on tick eggs: impacts of egg wax coating and tick species

Several animal species, including ants, have been reported to be capable of predation on ticks. However, determining factors in most interactions between ticks and predators have not yet been fully deciphered. We hypothesized that the ant species Lasius alienus, which is unknown whether it has any impact on ticks, may exhibit predation on the eggs of tick species Hyalomma marginatum, H. excavatum, and Rhipicephalus bursa, and that the tick egg wax can be the main determinant in possible predation. In the study, 6300 tick eggs with the natural wax coating (waxed/untreated) and 2700 dewaxed tick eggs, the wax of which was removed in the laboratory, were repeatedly presented to the foraging workers belonging to three different ant nests in their natural habitat. Depending on the tick species and trials, the rate of the eggs carried by the ants ranged from 12.8 to 52.1% in the waxed and from 59.8 to 78.4% in the dewaxed eggs. It was observed that the dewaxing process both increased the interest of the ants in the eggs and resulted in a reduction in the variation associated with tick species. This study showed that L. alienus has a predatory effect on tick eggs, the severity of this impact is closely associated with the tick species, the tick-associated difference is caused by the species-specific property of the egg wax, and the variety in the protective effects of the wax seems to be an evolutional result of the biological and ecological adaptation process of the species.

Improvement in Low-Temperature Properties of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

The European Union requirements related to the quality parameters for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are gathered in the standard EN 14214:2012 + A2:2019 that also includes reference to low-temperature properties. This paper presents studies on the obtaining of modified FAMEs, featuring improved low-temperature properties. Investigated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were subjected to a solvent dewaxing process with a methyl ethyl ketone and the mixture of methyl ethyl ketone—Toluene. It was found that the application of a process carried out under conditions similar to solvent dewaxing, used as a standard procedure for oils dewaxing and slack waxes of petroleum origin deoiling usually used in refinery industrial installations, allows us to achieve the intended goal. The modification of three different types of FAME by the dewaxing process with MEK-TOL and MEK solvents allows for the improvement of low-temperature properties of the obtained modified FAME, consistent in obtaining reduced cloud points, flow points and CFPP. The tests of fatty acid profiles show a clear increase in the content of glycerides of saturated acids in the separated sludge, as compared to the charges from the dewaxing process, which confirms that the selectivity of the dewaxing process is maintained for the atypical raw material, which are fatty acid methyl esters.

Effect of Comb-Type Copolymers on the Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of Paraffin in Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)–Toluene Dewaxing

Two comb-type copolymers were synthesized by modifications of the maleic anhydride-α-octadecene copolymer with aniline (AMAC) and with phenethylamine (EMAC), respectively. The effects of AMAC and EMAC on the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the MEK–toluene dewaxing process were comparatively investigated. The results showed that, under the optimum process conditions, the addition of 100 ppm AMAC or EMAC could increase the yield of dewaxed oil (DWO) from 67.21% to 70.87% or 69.90%, respectively, and increase the filtration rate by 80% and 70%, respectively. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis showed that the crystallization process conformed to Mo’s equation, and the addition of AMAC and EMAC slowed down the crystallization rate of paraffin. The polarizing light microscope observations revealed that the addition of AMAC promoted the formation of snow flower-like crystals, and the EMAC addition led to the crystals having longer rods with a relatively complete morphology. This work provided useful experimental data for a better understanding of the roles of comb-type copolymer additives in the MEK–toluene dewaxing process.

A Modern Dewaxing Technology For Edible Oils Refining

The modern dewaxing process using endogenous wax ester hydrolyses (wax desynthetase) activation in optimal reaction conditions provides an efficient, specific and targeted affinity destructuration process orientated towards the wax substrate in order to develop the depparafinage effect. The lipase W/O interfacial activation was studied in the lipolyse and interesterification process but the endogenous O/S dewaesterase activation was until now non-investigated. The isoparaffins structures formation improves the dewaxing yield at 90.7% reported on the miscella crude oil with 270 ppm waxes content with an almost double-cold dewaxed oil stability. The present modern dewaxing technology eliminates the low-efficiency cold/low temperature crystallisation and all the negative effects given by the solvent oil recovery from the kieselgur pomace, cooling agent producing and separation by filtration/centrifugation process.

Optimum Conditions for Simultaneous Reactions of Hydrogenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Isomerization in Diesel Fuel Dewaxing Process

Optimum Conditions for Simultaneous Reactions of Hydrogenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Isomerization in Diesel Fuel Dewaxing Process

Increasing the efficiency of the method for obtaining paraffin from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits and its hardware design

During the processing, storage and transportation of highly paraffinic oil, a negative role is played by asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits, consisting of 85-95% of paraffin, which form on the inner walls of oil pipelines and represent a serious problem for the above processes, due to the difficulty of their dewaxing. The dewaxing process is the operation of removing solid hydrocarbon complexes from oil product fractions, which crystallize from a solution with a decrease in its temperature. Such hydrocarbons include high molecular weight paraffin and naphthenic complexes with long alkyl chains with normal and weakly branched structural organization. The aim of the study was to develop a rational method for obtaining paraffin from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits and the design of an industrial dewaxer for obtaining technical paraffin, based on an assessment of the main design dimensional and technological parameters that affect this process. To improve the method for obtaining paraffin from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits and determine its rational instrumentation, the design and technological parameters of a field oil dewaxes, the rate of formation and melting temperature, the crystallization temperature and heat of melting of deposits, loss of thermal energy, density characteristics of oil, asphalt-resin-paraffin substances, as well as their mixtures. The choice of design solutions and structural materials for the manufacture of the dewaxes was carried out taking into account their rigidity, that is, the ability to prevent external influences during deformations that do not reduce their performance. It should be noted that the effectiveness of the proposed technical solutions is additionally confirmed by the assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the designed oil dewaxes. Thus, the scientific and technical task of developing original and improving existing technological methods that make it possible to obtain a high paraffin fraction, including original design solutions for the implementation of these procedures, is relevant, especially when simplifying, reducing the cost of technology and improving the environmental safety of oil production.

Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass.

Wax is an organic compound found on the surface of lignocellulose biomass to protect plants from physical and biological stresses in nature. With its small mass fraction in biomass, wax has been neglected from inclusion in the design of the biorefinery process. This study investigated the interfering effect of wax in three types of lignocellulosic biomass, including rice straw (RS), Napier grass (NG), and sugarcane bagasse (SB). In this study, although small fractions of wax were extracted from RS, NG, and SB at 0.57%, 0.61%, and 1.69%, respectively, dewaxing causes changes in the plant compositions and their functional groups and promotes dissociations of lignocellulose fibrils. Additionally, dewaxing of biomass samples increased reducing sugar by 1.17-, 1.04-, and 1.35-fold in RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The ethanol yield increased by 1.11-, 1.05-, and 1.23-fold after wax removal from RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The chemical composition profiles of the waxes obtained from RS, NG, and SB showed FAME, alcohol, and alkane as the major groups. According to the conversion rate of the dewaxing process and ethanol fermentation, the wax outputs of RS, NG, and SB are 5.64, 17.00, and 6.00 kg/ton, respectively. The current gasoline price is around USD 0.903 per liter, making ethanol more expensive than gasoline. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of ethanol in the biorefinery industry, other valuable products (such as wax) should be considered for commercialization. The cost of natural wax ranges from USD 2 to 22 per kilogram, depending on the source of the extracted wax. The wax yields obtained from RS, SB, and NG have the potential to increase profits in the biorefining process and could provide an opportunity for application in a wider range of downstream industries than just biofuels.

Modified TDAE petroleum plasticiser

Abstract Petroleum plasticisers are applied as softening additives in rubber vulcanisation processes and as components of rubber mixtures in the production and vulcanisation process. They contain polycyclic aromatic compounds exhibiting carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Since 2010, the European Union has banned the use of high-aromatic DAE plasticisers. The petroleum industry and tyre manufacturers are developing new types of petroleum plasticisers. The best alternative to the DAE is the TDAE plasticisers, obtained mainly by selective solvent refining. The solvent dewaxing process of classic TDAE plasticisers was studied in order to improve the chemical composition as well as the rheological and low-temperature properties of deparafinate. This article presents the results of an examination of the TDAE plasticiser samples subjected to solvent dewaxing process on a laboratory scale with three types of solvents, MEK–TOL, MEK–MIBK and MEK–MTBE. It was demonstrated that solvent dewaxing of the TDAE plasticiser with positive pour points maintains good process selectivity and allows for a significant reduction of the plasticiser pour point, thus improving the rheological and low-temperature properties. In all dewaxing attempts, the pour point in the deparaffinate decreased significantly to the range −12 to −22°C, compared to the positive pour points of the raw materials. The application tests for two types of the TDAE plasticisers, used to produce oiled rubber and a standard rubber compound, meet the quality requirements for those products.

CONTROL OF THE HEATING CABLE OPERATION BASED ON A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN AN OIL WELL

The paper considers the problem of controlling the process of thermal dewaxing of oil and gas wells using a heating cable. An axisymmetric mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in an oil well is proposed, the implementation of which makes it possible to estimate the temperature distribution on the wall of a pumping compressor pipe, to determine the area of ​​possible deposition of asphalt-resin-paraffin substances and the necessary conditions to prevent their formation. The mathematical model is a system of differential equations based on the laws of conservation of energy, mass and momentum. Considers the basic principles of heating cable control used in modern thermoelectric installations. The inefficiency of these methods is shown, which leads to increased energy consumption and accelerated aging of the heating cable. A fundamentally new algorithm for controlling the operation of a heating cable is proposed, based on modeling the processes of heat and mass transfer in an oil well. The use of this algorithm makes it possible to obtain with a sufficiently high accuracy the temperature distribution inside the well and determine the required heating time and power to prevent the deposition of asphalt-resin-paraffinic substances on the walls of the tubing. The control algorithm is implemented taking into account the technological parameters of production, which have a significant impact on the temperature distribution in the well, and adapts to their possible change caused by the heterogeneity of the oil and gas reservoir. The proposed heating cable control algorithm makes it possible to reduce energy consumption, which is the main disadvantage of thermal dewaxing of oil wells using resistive heating, and to prevent premature equipment failure caused by possible overheating of the heating cable line. The results presented in the work can be useful in the development and operation of oil and gas wells complicated by asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. Application of the proposed mathematical model makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of thermal dewaxing of wells with a heating cable at the stage of field development and draw conclusions about the effectiveness of this method of combating paraffin deposits. The control algorithm based on the proposed mathematical model makes it possible to effectively use the equipment and reduce capital costs for electricity and well turnaround.

Catalytic Hydroisomerisation of Fischer–Tropsch Waxes to Lubricating Oil and Investigation of the Correlation between Its Physical Properties and the Chemical Composition of the Corresponding Fuel Fractions

Due to environmental concerns, the role of renewable sources for petroleum-based products has become an invaluable research topic. One possibility of achieving this goal is the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) based on sustainable raw materials. Those materials include, but are not limited to, synthesis gas from biomass gasification or hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. In recent years, the utilisation of CO2 as carbon source for FTS was one main R&D topic. This is one of the reasons for its increase in value and the removal of its label as being just exhaust gas. With the heavy product fraction of FTS, referred to as Fischer–Tropsch waxes (FTW), being rather limited in their application, catalytic upgrading can help to increase the economic viability of such a process by converting the waxes to high value transportation fuels and lubricating oils. In this paper, the dewaxing of FTW via hydroisomerisation and hydrocracking was investigated. A three phase fixed bed reactor was used in combination with a zeolitic catalyst with an AEL (SAPO-11) structure and 0.3 wt% platinum (Pt). The desired products were high quality white oils with low cloud points. These products were successfully produced in a one-step catalytic dewaxing process. Within this work, a direct correlation between the physical properties of the white oils and the chemical composition of the simultaneously produced fuel fractions could be established.