Development Process Of Cities Research Articles

Spatial analysis and technological influences on smart city development in Kazakhstan

This study delves into the evolving landscape of smart city development in Kazakhstan, a domain gaining increasing relevance in the context of urban modernization and digital transformation. The research is anchored in the quest to understand how specific technological factors influence the formation of smart cities within the region. To this end, the study adopts a Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) as its core analytical tool, leveraging data on server density, cloud service usage, and electronic invoicing practices across various Kazakhstani cities. The crux of the research revolves around assessing the impact of these selected technological variables on the smart city development process. The SAR model’s application facilitates a nuanced understanding of the spatial dynamics at play, offering insights into how these factors vary in influence across different urban areas. A key finding of this investigation is the significant positive correlation between the adoption of electronic invoicing and smart city development, a result that stands in contrast to the relatively insignificant impact of server density and cloud service usage. The conclusion drawn from these findings underscores the pivotal role of digital administrative processes, particularly electronic invoicing, in driving the smart city agenda in Kazakhstan. This insight not only contributes to the academic discourse on smart cities but also holds practical implications for policymakers and urban planners. It suggests a strategic shift towards prioritizing digital administrative innovations over mere infrastructural or technological upgrades. The study’s outcomes are poised to guide future smart city initiatives in Kazakhstan and offer a reference point for similar emerging economies embarking on their smart city journeys.

How does a name shape a place? The performativity of urban branding in the case of Songdo, South Korea

ABSTRACT Socially constructed urban branding not only revises the identity and structure of a city but also influences legislation, planning and policy mobility. To overcome the narrow view of the existing debate over whether or not Songdo is a smart city, a performative approach is adopted, focusing on the impact of a succession of urban branding slogans and the symbolic and discursive imaging of Songdo on the evolution of political processes of city development and the mobility of the urban model within and beyond the country. By examining the circular relations among discourses, planning and policy mobilities, this study contributes to academic and practical discussions of development rationales and policies.

Towards a co-creative stakeholder engagement in Smart City projects: a life-cycle approach

ABSTRACT Engaging stakeholders to co-create Smart Cities is an aspiration for many city governments. However, existing stakeholder engagement frameworks tend to be technologically deterministic from the outset, leaving no room for meaningful co-creation. This paper proposes a framework for engaging stakeholders in Smart City development without presuming an already existing technology which stakeholders must accept. The framework follows the life-cycle approach to disaggregate the Smart City development process into seven separate but interrelated stages anchored on three pillars – ‘the right to the city’, ‘the IAP2 spectrum of public participation’ and ‘technological sovereignty’ to highlight issues deemed critical for a meaningful co-creative stakeholder engagement. The study identifies funding, an understanding of the city and its challenges from multiple stakeholder perspectives, the promotion of digital rights, and meaningful stakeholder engagement as four pertinent issues that must be taken on board to move this framework from a conceptual abstraction to a practical toolkit.

Identifying nature-positive futures in new cities: an application of the Urban Nature Futures Framework

AbstractWith the increasing loss of biodiversity due to urbanization, it is essential to examine and re-imagine the place of nature in cities. The opportunity to redesign positive relationships between cities and nature is particularly apparent in the development of new cities—rapidly developing areas observed in many Asian and African countries. As these new cities are built on a perceived tabula rasa, there is a potential to design positive nature futures. This study, therefore, aims to understand how nature is incorporated into existing plans for new cities and identify pro-nature perspectives envisioned within these plans. We use the Urban Nature Futures Framework (UNFF) to conduct a content analysis on the masterplans of new city and town developments within the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). The UNFF promotes the creation of multiple positive visions of nature in cities by considering three broad nature perspectives: Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture, as well as emphasizing equity in these visions. Our findings show that the Nature for Society perspective tends to dominate the design of new cities in the JMA, closely followed by the Nature for Nature perspective embodied by pollution control measures. New cities also emphasise the Nature as Culture perspective through nature stewardship programmes. Based on these results, we exemplify how the UNFF can be used to further integrate nature elements in new cities’ masterplans. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the framework at each stage of the new city development process.

City Arrangement through Street Vendors Development

The problem of street vendors (PKL) needs to be addressed to organize the city development process, so the Blitar City Government considers efforts to organize and develop street vendors as a solution that can benefit all parties. This study aims to analyze and describe the extent to which street vendors (PKL) are regulated as a strategy in urban planning and fostering micro-enterprises in Blitar City through Blitar Mayor Regulation Number 43 of 2018. This research was carried out in Blitar City at the Department of Industry and Trade City of Blitar. The method used in this study is an inductive qualitative descriptive research method. The data collection techniques used by researchers in this study were questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Based on the data obtained from the results of research on evaluating the policy of Mayor Regulation Number 43 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Blitar City Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2008 concerning the Arrangement and Development of Street Vendors, the results of this study are that regulations have been effective and efficient marked by the achievement of structuring goals, improving the quality of urban planning, availability of funds, and human resources as executors and time so that it can be appropriately implemented. This policy has also been right on target with the desired goals marked by accuracy in selecting activity targets and alternative spaces and the accuracy of functions in revitalizing public facilities and infrastructure functions.

Social Equity and Urban Housing Policy Failures: Evaluation for Rehabilitation and Housing Resettlement Plans and Policies in Indian Cities

Today’s Indian cities are confronted with a wide range of problems due to social equity and urban housing policy failures, including rising populations, shifting family structures, increasing numbers of people living in informal communities and slums, inadequate urban infrastructure, growing environmental concerns, and an increase in migration. India has a severe housing shortage. A significant chasm separates housing demand from the supply. The discrepancy has led to the proliferation of urban slums, where millions of people are subjected to the lowest sanitation and hygiene standards. Housing policies in Indian cities include increasing taxes on unused or uninhabited land to fund the construction of low-cost dwellings, altering zoning laws to mandate that builders, and promoting higher densities of houses to spread out infrastructure costs among a larger population. Many people who have been the beneficiaries of land acquisition or other forms of forcible relocation are eligible for assistance through the Rehabilitation and Housing Resettlement Program. The proposed method included the city’s slums in the Advanced Smart Urban Missions (ASUM) planning process to overcome housing policy failures. A three-dimensional social equity framework with dispersion, identification, and protocol dimension aspects is applied to evaluate formal recovery plans’ objectives, priorities, and tactics. One of the most critical aspects of providing more housing alternatives for more people is ensuring everyone can afford it. Human rights, different perspectives, development initiatives in India, and policy inclusivity were also investigated. It makes suggestions for improving intelligent city policy that considers the needs of the city’s disadvantaged populations. This study looks into the problems that slum dwellers have with relocation and evictions and is limited to establishing various Smart Urban Missions. The research will help streamline the intelligent city development process sequentially, improving conditions for the urban poor and disadvantaged.

Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Tanzania’s City’s Master Plans. A Critical Review

Climate change and its impacts continue to affect urban areas globally. Apparently, despite the existence of international, regional, and national climate change development policies, city authorities in low and middle-income countries are daunting about the consideration of climate change in their undertakings. This paper explores mainstreaming climate change adaptation planning in the city's master plans of low and middle incomes developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, the paper assesses the extent of the integration of climate change adaptation planning in the city's development processes. Results of the study indicate that city authorities have not adequately considered climate change in their planning process because of multiple factors including institutional, financial, and technical capacity which seem to jeopardize long-term resilience to climate change

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ ГОРОДА: ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕДЕВЕЛОПМЕНТА «СЕРОГО ПОЯСА» САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА

The relevance of the study is due to the need to address issues of spatial and territorial development of the city within the “grey region” of St. Petersburg. Spatial-territorial aspects of redevelopment of the “grey region” within the framework of managerial processes of city development are analyzed in detail. The necessity of participation of executive authorities of St. Petersburg and local government to implement the goals of urban space development taking into account the problems and prospects of the territory of the “grey region” is noted. It was proposed to develop a development strategy for the “grey region” of St. Petersburg and make additions in the documents of strategic and territorial planning of the city in the formation of urban planning policy of St. Petersburg in the long term. Have come to the conclusion that as the main mechanism for the implementation of this strategy should be considered the processes of redevelopment. On the basis of the analysis of existing problems and prospects of development of the territory of the “grey region” it is proposed to use the mechanisms of public-private partnership and attract authorities to initiate preferential programs to finance the development of this territory.

Visions of a City for All

Despite laws, policies, and visions to create cities and societies for all, barriers still exclude persons with disabilities from using buildings and public places. Our study aimed to identify choices made during the urban development process, which include or exclude users in the built environment; how and when these arise during the process; and what is needed to implement Universal Design (UD) as a strategy and tool to secure all users equal opportunities in the built environment.The study involved employees and private actors in city development processes. The participants were asked to identify impediments and support of UD in completed building projects to shed light on choices made during the process and on conditions needed to implement UD along the process. Four workshops were followed by qualitative interviews with key players. The analysis was based on qualitative data from workshops and interviews.Aspects impeding and supporting UD and conflicting visions and goals were identified in all phases, and the need for tools to implement UD. Findings show that accessibility for all users is dealt with (too) late in the process, often causing special solutions. Urban trends like densification and high exploitation can cause exclusion of some users, and an unbalanced view on sustainable development prioritising ecological aspects put high demands on users’ abilities. Findings also show how UD appeared more clearly in remodelling projects than in the new constructions. A strong vision from the start to build for all users clearly supported UD throughout the process. Other factors such as pre-studies which include human diversity, allocation of resources and experts’ early opinions also showed to be clear drivers for UD.Overall, the findings show a demand for solutions to maintain early visions and goals throughout the processes. We conclude by providing seven recommendations for addressing these challenges.
 
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Digital economy, technological progress, and city export trade.

The development of the digital economy is conducive to the innovative development of foreign trade and the formation of a “dual circulation” development pattern in China. Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper examines the influence of the digital economy on urban export trade and its heterogeneity. And we use a mediating effect model to explore the possible mediating role of technological progress in the above influences. The results find that: (1) The improvement of the digital economy can promote cities export; (2) The promotion of the digital economy to the growth of city export scale is heterogeneous, which is more significant in the western and northeastern cities with relatively remote geographical locations, and the third-tier and lower cities with relatively backward economic development. (3) Technological progress has played a significant role in promoting the growth of export for the digital economy. Thus, it’s of great importance for China to increase investment in digital economy infrastructure and pay more attention to the differences in diverse city development processes. It should also support basic research and development in information technology to promote high-quality development of China’s foreign trade through the digital economy.

Study on the Heritage Corridor Construction of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleums Region

Due to the large scale and the complex cultural structure, the Great Site can be easily affected during the process of city development, which leads to an imbalance and inequality trend from the regional perspective. Based on the research about conservation and utilization of the linear heritage at home and abroad, the theoretical basis and method of heritage corridor planning in the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleums were discussed in this paper. The current research on the heritage corridor is mainly concerning the legacy which is in the linear form itself, such as the Canal and the Wall, etc. There are few studies on constructing the heritage corridor by connecting the heritage points with linear characteristics. Based on the analysis of the basic conditions about the heritage corridor construction, this paper determines the theoretical frame-work of heritage corridor construction from the aspects of concept connotation, system elements and planning system. Based on the theoretical framework, the planning area was determined through suitability analysis. At the same time, the construction path of the heritage corridor was studied from the three aspects of Patch-Corridor-Matrix. It aims to strengthen the interaction between the Great Site and the surrounding area by the planning, so as to promote the heritage activation, as well as the development of the region.

Sustainability assessment of port cities with a hybrid model-empirical evidence from China

Port city is an important part of marine economic activities, whose development contributes to the connection of economic and environment between home and abroad. Sustainability of port cities not only can enhance the competitiveness of port cities, but also affects the city development process and characteristics. Therefore, it is pivotal to evaluate sustainability of port cities in advance. However, existing research on sustainable port cities is quite limited. And most of them are limited to the qualitative perspective, with little quantitative analysis. Therefore, this paper adopts a novel hybrid model THPD to evaluate sustainable port cities, expanding sustainability theories by taking port cities as research object. 21 port cities in China are selected for quantitative study. The results display that the sustainable level of port cities in China is at a medium level. The weaknesses and critical factors are varied, which points out the improvement direction for sustainable port cities.

포용도시를 위한 평택호 일대 단지 계획

This study investigated planning solutions to recover groups with damages such as social, cultural, environmental, and economic inequality due to water pollution in a city's development process. This study examined Pyeongtaek Lake in Pyeongtaek city, Gyeonggi Province, and established a strategy to resolve pollution sources in the designated target place for the inclusion of the damaged groups. As the strategy, pollution sources were recycled in various ways within the complex and circulated as useful resources. A plan has been established to ensure the groups who have suffered damages due to pollution. But Those groups have been excluded in planning, and the complex has been included to allow them to participate in creating and operating the complex. The fishery industry declined by water pollution, was changed as a new industry, and to create fish habitat and use it as a cultural and tourism resource, wastes were used. Moreover, the complex became sustainable by planning the program to circulate capital. The plan is meaningful because it presented a complicated procedure to include the damaged and excluded groups in the development process of a city by planning a place and activity program to strengthen autonomous capability.

Informality-sustainable city nexus: The place of informality in advancing sustainable Ghanaian cities

Economic and spatial informality dominates the cityscape of countries in the Global South. From the perspective of urban practitioners and other stakeholders, there are two main schools of thought that discuss the roles of informality in the urban development discourse. The first school maintains that informality hinders the urban development process while the other posits that informality could be helpful in the urban sustainability push. In this article, the researchers, focusing on the latter, explores the productive functions of informality in developing sustainable Ghanaian cities. The researchers relied predominantly on secondary data. Using the Boolean search methodology, data were extracted from 85 articles/reports/websites that were obtained from online data and journal publishing repositories such as JSTOR, Scopus, SAGE and Taylor and Francis. The results from the thematic analysis of the data indicate that informality plays a vital role in promoting the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of cities in Ghana. Specifically, the informal economy and informal spaces contribute to the employment of both men and women, household income, tax revenue, waste management, water access, organic farming, health care access, social equity, and innovation. The paper concludes that informality in Ghana could profoundly facilitate the attainment of the sustainable city development objectives. Viewing informality through a productive lens, as we have argued in the paper, calls for a shift from ‘broad blanket and criminalisation’ policies on informality to more inclusive and pro-poor policies. Additionally, understanding the enormous opportunities informality presents to cities in the Global South will lead to increased investment and restructuring to mitigate the barriers its poses to the city development process.

Investment attractiveness rating and factors affecting

This research aims to determine: 1) rating of investment attraction based on investor assessment; and 2) the factors which have significant effects on investment attraction of the city. Location research is in Batu city Indonesia with number of samples as 65 investors. The data analysis technique of this study uses a Multiple Regression Analysis. The independent variables used in this study are: 1) infrastructure; 2) labor availability; 3) agglomeration; 4) natural resources, 5) markets; 6) licensing system, and 7) leadership. Investment attraction is indicated with rating assessment by investors. The results show: 1) rating of Batu city investment attraction is high; and 2) licensing system and leadership have significant influences on investment attraction. Based on the result, it is very important for a city to create a conducive climate (pro investment) to attract investors, especially in the ease of the licensing system. In addition, local governments must be able to provide positive signals in the form of commitment for the investment development in Batu city. This is necessary since the city development process really needs investor support.

Privacy-centred data-driven innovation in the smart city. Exemplary use case of traffic counting

ABSTRACT As urban areas around the world seek to transform themselves into smart cities, new technologies are being interwoven into the urban fabric that surrounds us. This process is often technology-driven and revolves around issues of quantification, cost reduction, and efficiency. This perspective is increasingly being challenged by more inclusive perspectives that seek to empower civil society and which focus on its needs and demands. A major concern with smart city technologies in public spaces is the lack of protection for individual privacy as a result of surveillance. In this paper, we have chosen the use case of traffic counting as an example to illustrate how the use of advanced technologies and integrated planning strategies can shift the balance between administrative and business interests on the one hand, and privacy concerns on the other, towards a privacy-centric approach. We propose a privacy-centric planning and development approach for smart city technologies. Through our use case, we demonstrate a privacy-centric participatory development process that led to a prototypical technical solution for privacy-friendly and human-centric traffic counting. We conclude this paper by deriving suggestions for more privacy-friendly smart city development processes from our specific use case.

Stakeholder analysis as a tool for improving strategic planning of the urban environment

Contemporary urban governance increasingly involves the participation of various groups of stakeholders in the strategic planning and development of urban environment. Coordination of actions of city authorities and stakeholders becomes one of the most important issues of the governmental effectiveness, while the search for interested groups and cooperation with them is an important direction of both research and governmental activities. In this study, we aim to identify stakeholders in smart city development process and test the effectiveness of the stakeholderanalysis method as a tool for improving strategic planning of the urban environment, using the case of Moscow. We demonstrate how the use of the tools of social network analysis allows to focus strategic documents on stakeholder groups that play an important role in the development of the city, although not an obvious one. The object of empirical study is social relations between the main stakeholders of urban environment that influence strategic management. We use the centrality measures analysis to identify the main stakeholders that have the strongest and weakest impact on the development of a smart city of Moscow, and the edge betweenness method to identify the existing communities of urban actors. The paper discusses the problems of communication strategizing in large cities, and also concludes that the use of stakeholder analysis in the context of the urban environment can improve the quality of strategy development and implementation.

The Impacts of Building Regulations on the Thermal Performance and Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Riyadh City-Saudi Arabia

Riyadh city is the fastest growing city in Saudi Arabia. The rapid urban growth that happened recently in Riyadh was not based on the traditional urban planning principles, which have been established and applied for the city development process. The imported building regulations have created a new urban structures and street patterns. The contemporary urban form in Riyadh city is based mainly on traffic and economic consideration with the neglect of environmental dimensions. This research aims to examine the impacts of building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings in Riyadh city, with the ultimate goal of establishing planning guidelines that consider the environmental conditions of the city. The methodology adopted for achieving the aim of this study consists of two phases. First, the literature related to building regulations development in Riyadh, as of 2018, was reviewed. Second, buildings energy simulation was conducted to examine the thermal performance of the typical current status of residential building blocks in Riyadh city, and then several changes to building regulations were made to investigate their impacts on the thermal performance of buildings. The results showed that the impacts of Riyadh building regulations on the thermal performance of residential buildings differ across the evaluated cases. The ratio of building height to street width, urban block street orientation, and building orientation are the main factors affecting thermal performance of buildings within urban block. The study also concludes that adjusting the ratio of building height to the distance between buildings could have a significant impact in reducing cooling loads. This study will help policy makers, planners and designers to investigate the shortcoming in the current building regulations.

Input-Output Modeling for Smart City Development

ABSTRACT While many national and local governments in the world are placing their bets on smart city development in countering challenges such as climate change, air pollution, and congestion, few know exactly how to develop them in practice. A high and rising number of publications has appeared addressing the concept of “smart city,” but not many address its implementation. This paper aims at a conceptual understanding of the smart city by describing its various facets and using them to develop an Input-Output model helping policymakers and analysts make informed design choices. Using this model allows them to further their conceptual understanding of smart cities, envisage design choices they will face during planning and implementation, and help them to understand the impact of these choices. The model is illustrated by introducing the case of “Smart Dubai.” Overall, this paper provides enhanced understanding of smart city development processes. This can be used in decision-making processes.

Performance assessment of governance in Indian smart city development

PurposeIndia is set to develop a hundred smart cities under Smart Cities Mission (SCM). New Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) established at the city level are developing these cities. Cities around the globe do not use this system for city development yet. SCM was launched in 2015, and these companies are working in some of these cities since 2016. This paper is an attempt to investigate the traditional system and SPV system with global best practices.Design/methodology/approachThe method for investigation includes developing a framework with the governance principles (defined by the United Nations Development Programme) and measurement parameters. By this framework, the performance of these governance systems can be measured/ranked; analysing these results give the nodal points where one system is better than the other and highlighting features; those can be incorporated to develop an alternative comprehensive system.FindingsThe new service delivery mechanism (SPV) is still adapting and competing with the traditional system. There have been some positives as well as some criticism for SPVs in comparison to the traditional system.Research limitations/implicationsThe data for analysis is mostly from secondary sources and structured official interviews. The cases selected for the analysis are cities from different states of India and some leading global cities.Practical implicationsSmart cities development is still going on. As the analysis findings suggest, it needs a more efficient and converged implementation mechanism.Originality/valueThe analysis framework is solely developed for this paper. The paper compares five of the Indian traditional city development process, SCM implementation strategy and leading city development processes around the world.